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A topical collection in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This collection belongs to the section "Health Care Sciences".

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Editors

Department of Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
Interests: digital dentistry; implantology; prosthodontics; removable partial prosthesis; implants' immediate loading
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo, 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: stem cell; tissue regeneration; biomaterials; epigenetics; aging; extracellular matrix; inflammation; 3D printing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Post-Graduate School of Oral Surgery, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: dental implants; reconstructive surgeries; minimal invasiveness; native bone; surgical technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dental care has been evolving in a dramatic way during recent decades through the introduction of dental implants and the continuous improvement of their surfaces and design; the digital revolution, which also entered into the dental field, resulting in improved clinical workflows and approaches; new dental materials for CAD/CAM, 3D printing, and new biomaterials such as those used for bone regeneration; molecular biology advancements using stem cells and other means to develop new treatment approaches. All of these and more represent tools in the field of oral health aimed to improve patient-centered dental care. Our patients and their wellbeing should be at the center of our efforts to deliver better dental care. The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on the most modern and innovative means to reach this goal.

Prof. Dr. Eitan Mijiritsky
Dr. Barbara Zavan
Dr. Pietro Felice
Collection Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • dental implants
  • digital dentistry
  • biomaterials
  • patient satisfaction
  • molecular biology in dentistry and epigenetics
  • innovative clinical approaches

Published Papers (20 papers)

2021

Jump to: 2020

10 pages, 2779 KiB  
Article
Oral Surgery Procedures in a Patient with Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome Treated with Denosumab—A Rare Case Report
by Magdalena Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk, Paulina Adamska, Łukasz Jan Adamski, Piotr Wychowański, Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa and Anna Starzyńska
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9099; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18179099 - 28 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2522
Abstract
Background: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a very rare autosomal-dominant congenital disease associated with mutations in the NOTCH2 gene. This disorder affects the connective tissue and is characterized by severe bone resorption. Hajdu-Cheney syndrome most frequently affects the head and feet bones (acroosteolysis). Case [...] Read more.
Background: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a very rare autosomal-dominant congenital disease associated with mutations in the NOTCH2 gene. This disorder affects the connective tissue and is characterized by severe bone resorption. Hajdu-Cheney syndrome most frequently affects the head and feet bones (acroosteolysis). Case report: We present an extremely rare case of a 34-year-old male with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. The patient was admitted to the Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, in order to perform the extraction of three teeth. These teeth were not eligible for conservative treatment and prosthetic reconstruction. The patient was treated with denosumab (angiogenesis and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB RANK ligand inhibitor, RANKL). Discussion: Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody against RANKL. This drug works through a suppression of osteoclast activity. In cases of patients in which the pathway of the RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin is dysregulated, denosumab has been approved for the treatment off-label. In patients receiving denosumab, a delayed wound healing in the oral cavity and osteonecrosis may occur. Dental procedures involving the alveolar bone process (tooth extractions and bone alveoloplasty) may be a risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Spontaneous osteonecrosis is rarely observed. MRONJ consists of the destruction of exposed bone, with the exposure persisting for a minimum of 6–8 weeks. This is the first article about an HCS patient treated with denosumab who underwent invasive oral surgery procedures. This case report highlights the difficulties for professionals occurring during the oral surgery procedures in such patients. Full article
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14 pages, 3498 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Soft Tissue Changes after Rapid Maxillary Expansion Using a Handheld Three-Dimensional Scanner: A Prospective Study
by Ali Alkhayer, Roland Becsei, László Hegedűs, László Párkányi, József Piffkó, Gábor Braunitzer and Emil Segatto
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3379; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18073379 - 24 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4417
Abstract
Facial soft tissue esthetics is a priority in orthodontic treatment, and emerging of the digital technologies can offer new methods to help the orthodontist toward an esthetic outcome. This prospective study aimed to assess the soft tissue changes of the face after six [...] Read more.
Facial soft tissue esthetics is a priority in orthodontic treatment, and emerging of the digital technologies can offer new methods to help the orthodontist toward an esthetic outcome. This prospective study aimed to assess the soft tissue changes of the face after six months of retention following Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). The sample consisted of 25 patients (13 females, 12 males, mean age: 11.6 years) who presented with unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbite requiring RME, which was performed with a Hyrax expander. 3D facial images were obtained before treatment (T0) and at the end of a six-month retention period after the treatment (T1) using a structured-light 3D handheld scanner. Linear and angular measurements were performed and 3D deviation analyses were done for six morphological regions of the face. Significant changes in various areas of the nasal and the upper lip regions were observed. Based on the results of the study and within the limitations of the study, RME with a Hyrax expander results in significant morphological changes of the face after a six-month retention period. Full article
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2020

Jump to: 2021

10 pages, 1137 KiB  
Article
Subjective Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Objective Oral Health in People with Ectodermal Dysplasia
by Nils Niekamp, Johannes Kleinheinz, Daniel R. Reissmann, Lauren Bohner and Marcel Hanisch
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 143; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18010143 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2297
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) refers to a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases of the skin, skin appendages, and teeth. People with ED experience a poorer oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to examine [...] Read more.
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) refers to a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases of the skin, skin appendages, and teeth. People with ED experience a poorer oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to examine the OHRQoL of people with ED and to measure their objective physical oral health to confirm or disprove evidence of poorer oral health in this population. To determine OHRQoL, the German version of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14G) was used. All the participants in the study were clinically examined, and the measured parameters were recorded using the Physical Oral Health Index (PhOX). In total, 10 male and 11 female participants, with an average age of 22.0 ± 9.0 years, were included in this study. The OHIP-14G summary score was 23.9 (±15.2) points (range: 0–56 points). The PhOX summary score was 61.2 (±5.1) points (range: 22–80 points). The findings indicated that both the OHRQoL and physical oral health of the participants were highly impaired and that their objective and subjective oral health were worse than those of the general population in Germany. Full article
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15 pages, 1068 KiB  
Article
Study to Investigate the Knowledge of Rare Diseases among Dentists, Orthodontists, Periodontists, Oral Surgeons and Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons
by Annemarie Kühne, Johannes Kleinheinz, Jochen Jackowski, Jeanette Köppe and Marcel Hanisch
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 139; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18010139 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1874
Abstract
Fifteen percent of the 5000 to 8000 rare diseases (RDs) can manifest in the oral and maxillofacial region. Little attention has been paid to the care situation of people with RDs in dentistry. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the [...] Read more.
Fifteen percent of the 5000 to 8000 rare diseases (RDs) can manifest in the oral and maxillofacial region. Little attention has been paid to the care situation of people with RDs in dentistry. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge about RDs among dentists at a university hospital (DUs) compared to dentists with different professional backgrounds and among general dentists, specialist dentists and DUs in the chamber district of Westfalen-Lippe. Moreover, self-assessment of the level of knowledge was evaluated. A questionnaire was designed, which was made available digitally via a link. A random sample of 1500 dentists, specialist dentists, and oral- and craniomaxillofacial surgeons from the membership of the Dental Association of Westfalen-Lippe, and all dentists, specialist dentists, and oral- and craniomaxillofacial surgeons working at the University Dental Hospitals Münster and Witten/Herdecke, were invited to participate to our study. Differences in the level of knowledge between DUs and non-DUs and differences between DUs, general dentists, and specialist dentists were tested via two-sided Fischer’s exact tests. Differences between the three groups of self-assessment of the level of knowledge and the self-assessment of how sufficient their own knowledge about RDs is were tested via two-sided Kruskal–Wallis tests. The global level of significance was controlled by the Bonferroni method. A total of 267 questionnaires were completed, of which 64.0% were answered by general dentists, 25.5% by specialist dentists and 10.5% by DUs. DUs had a significant higher level of knowledge about RDs (adjusted p = 0.012) compared to non-DUs and achieved higher scores (median = 16.5 points) than general (median = 13 points) and specialist dentists (median = 13 points) (p = 0.001). In the self-assessments, the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, most participants showed no or little knowledge about RDs, and DUs had a significant higher level of knowledge than non-university dentists. Full article
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8 pages, 305 KiB  
Article
The Incidence and Nature of Malpractice Claims against Dentists for Orthodontic Treatment with Periodontal Damage in Israel during the Years 2005–2018—A Descriptive Study
by Amir Laviv, Eitan Barnea, Nirit Tagger Green, Rana Kadry, Dima Nassar, Meytal Laviv and Roni Kolerman
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(23), 8785; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17238785 - 26 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1951
Abstract
In recent years, dental malpractice claims have increased dramatically worldwide. The purpose of the present study is to analyze claims related to orthodontic treatment involving periodontal problems that resulted in legal decisions in Israel. This study analyzed legal claims registered by Medical Consultants [...] Read more.
In recent years, dental malpractice claims have increased dramatically worldwide. The purpose of the present study is to analyze claims related to orthodontic treatment involving periodontal problems that resulted in legal decisions in Israel. This study analyzed legal claims registered by Medical Consultants International (MCI) between 2005 and 2018. Only closed cases of orthodontic claims involving periodontal problems in which a decision was made were included. The parameters studied included patients’ demographic data, the main reasons of the claim, and complications. Statistical significance was found for aesthetic damage, which was more common in claims of females (p = 0.035) and in older claims (p = 0.004); tooth damage was more common in claims of older patients (p = 0.032); violation of autonomy was higher in private practice (p = 0.047) and in more recent claims (p = 0.001). As orthodontic treatment is becoming more popular in older patients, and as lawsuit claims become more common in recent years, the orthodontists should always analyze and document the periodontal status of their patients before and during treatment in order to maintain professional practice and avoid future claims. Full article
11 pages, 1367 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Objectively Measured Oral Health in People with Ehlers–Danlos Syndromes
by Ole Oelerich, Johannes Kleinheinz, Daniel R. Reissmann, Jeanette Köppe and Marcel Hanisch
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8243; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17218243 - 08 Nov 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2786
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that people with Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) report a worse oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) than the general population. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a correlation between the subjective OHRQoL and the [...] Read more.
It is a well-known fact that people with Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) report a worse oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) than the general population. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a correlation between the subjective OHRQoL and the objectively measured oral health in people with EDS. To determine the subjective OHRQoL, the German version of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used. Furthermore, all participants in the study were clinically examined, and the measured parameters were recorded using the Physical Oral Health Index (PhOX). Altogether, records of 46 participants were collected. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) of the OHIP-14 was 17 (23) points and the median of the PhOX was 73 (16) points. However, a statistically significant correlation could not be demonstrated (r = −0.240, p = 0.108). In the observed cohort, for participants who reported having pain often or very often, the OHIP score (median = 24, IQR = 18, p < 0.01) was higher than the score of the group given by participants who never or intermittently experienced pain (median = 8, IQR = 18). In conclusion, patients with EDS showed a reduced OHRQoL, although it was not possible to observe an association between the subjective OHRQoL and the objective oral health. However, participants who often or very often suffer from pain in their tooth, mouth, and jaw areas showed a reduced OHRQoL. Full article
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8 pages, 1355 KiB  
Article
Post-Orthodontic Lower Incisors Recessions: Combined Periodontic and Orthodontic Approach
by Ilan Beitlitum, Vered Barzilay, Fatma Rayyan, Alon Sebaoun and Rachel Sarig
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8060; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17218060 - 02 Nov 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3350
Abstract
The bonded lingual retainer (BLR) is considered a favorable choice for retaining lower incisors’ alignment post-orthodontic treatment; however, it may cause some unwanted effects such as inadvertent tooth movement and torque changes. These often result in gingival recession (Miller class III-type) with exposure [...] Read more.
The bonded lingual retainer (BLR) is considered a favorable choice for retaining lower incisors’ alignment post-orthodontic treatment; however, it may cause some unwanted effects such as inadvertent tooth movement and torque changes. These often result in gingival recession (Miller class III-type) with exposure of the root surface, which compromises the esthetics and hinders the comfort of the patient. Fifteen post-orthodontic patients presenting Miller class III-type recessions with BLR were examined. Two protocols were used: the first included the removal of the BLR prior to surgery and the second included only a surgical approach. All patients underwent the same surgery of a modified tunnel double papilla procedure for root coverage. The gingival recession was measured using a dental probe before, and three to six months post-surgery. The average improvement in recession depth was significantly greater (p = 0.008) for the protocol that included removal of the BLR (4.0 ± 0.83 mm) with an improvement of 87.2% as compared to the second protocol that showed an improvement of 43.8% (1.88 ± 1.29 mm). Removing the BLR prior to surgery is beneficial for predictable root coverage in post-orthodontic Miller class III recessions. Full article
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11 pages, 1123 KiB  
Article
Laser Tooth Preparation for Pit and Fissure Sealing
by Yair Schwimmer, Nurit Beyth, Diana Ram, Eitan Mijiritsky and Esti Davidovich
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 7813; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17217813 - 26 Oct 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
Objectives: Various approaches are available for pit and fissure sealing, including: the use of sealants, with or without mechanical preparation; the use of etching, with or without bonding; and the use of lasers as an alternative to mechanical preparation. The objective of this [...] Read more.
Objectives: Various approaches are available for pit and fissure sealing, including: the use of sealants, with or without mechanical preparation; the use of etching, with or without bonding; and the use of lasers as an alternative to mechanical preparation. The objective of this study is to evaluate pit and fissure sealing by comparing the retention and microleakage of sealants, between mechanical and Er:Yag laser enamel preparation. Methods: Sixty extracted sound third molars are classified into six groups: A, bur mechanical preparation and sealant application; B, bur mechanical preparation, etching and sealant; C, bur mechanical preparation, etching, bonding and sealant; D, laser mechanical preparation and sealant; E, laser mechanical preparation, etching and sealant application; F, laser mechanical preparation, etching, bonding, and sealant. Statistical analysis methods include Fisher’s exact test, a general linear model for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of multiple comparisons, and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. Results: All the groups showed dye microleakage beneath the sealants. Less microleakage was observed for those that used bur rather than laser, 41 versus 44 specimens, respectively. The number of specimens without microleakage decreased as follows: group E (24), group A (18), groups B and F (17), group C (14), and group D (5). Retention was 100% in all groups except group D. Conclusion: Mechanical preparation increases retention of sealants, especially when etching material is used; additionally, bonding can help the retention. The best technique is mechanical preparation via laser and subsequent use of etching, without bonding prior to application of the dental sealant. Full article
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10 pages, 1199 KiB  
Article
Upper Lip Horizontal Line: Characteristics of a Dynamic Facial Line
by Alexander D Vardimon, Nir Shpack, Atalia Wasserstein, Marilena Skyllouriotou, Morris Strauss, Silvia Geron, Noa Sadan, Shifra Levartovsky and Rachel Sarig
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6672; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17186672 - 13 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 18300
Abstract
Background: Upper lip appearance received major attention with the introduction of diverse treatment modalities, including lip augmentation, rhinoplasty surgery, and dental treatment designed to support the upper lip. Our objectives were to define the prevalence and characteristics of the upper lip horizontal line [...] Read more.
Background: Upper lip appearance received major attention with the introduction of diverse treatment modalities, including lip augmentation, rhinoplasty surgery, and dental treatment designed to support the upper lip. Our objectives were to define the prevalence and characteristics of the upper lip horizontal line (ULHL), which is a dynamic line appearing during a smile, in relation to gender, malocclusions, aging, and facial morphology. Methods: First, the prevalence and gender distribution of ULHL was examined from standardized en-face imaging at full smile of 643 randomly selected patients. Second, cephalometric and dental cast model analyses were made for 97 consecutive patients divided into three age groups. Results: ULHL appears in 13.8% of the population examined, and prevailed significantly more in females (78%). The prevalence of ULHL was not related to age nor to malocclusion. Patients presenting ULHL showed shorter upper lip and deeper lip sulcus. The skeletal pattern showed longer mid-face, shorter lower facial height and greater prevalence of a gummy smile. Conclusions: Female patients with short upper lip, concavity of the upper lip, and gummy smile are more likely to exhibit ULHL. The ULHL is not age-related and can be identified in children and young adults. Therefore, it should be considered when selecting diverse treatment modalities involving the upper lip. Full article
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10 pages, 8089 KiB  
Article
Examination of the Therapeutic Potential of Mouse Oral Mucosa Stem Cells in a Wound-Healing Diabetic Mice Model
by Shiri Kuperman, Ram Efraty, Ina Arie, Arkadi Rahmanov, Marina Rahmanov Gavrielov, Matityahau Noff, Ron Fishel and Sandu Pitaru
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(13), 4854; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17134854 - 06 Jul 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2515
Abstract
Diabetic wounds’ delayed healing response is still considered a major therapeutic challenge. Stem cells and derived cellular products have been an active field of research for novel therapies referred to as regenerative medicine. It has recently been shown that human oral mucosa stem [...] Read more.
Diabetic wounds’ delayed healing response is still considered a major therapeutic challenge. Stem cells and derived cellular products have been an active field of research for novel therapies referred to as regenerative medicine. It has recently been shown that human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSCs) are a readily accessible source for obtaining large quantities of stem cells. This study evaluates the potential of mouse oral mucosa stem cells (mOMSCs) to enhance wound healing in a diabetic (db/db) mouse model by morphological and histological analysis. We show that mOMSCs-treated wounds displayed a significantly faster wound-healing response (p ≤ 0.0001), featuring faster re-epithelialization and a larger area of granulation tissue (p ≤ 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that oral mucosa stem cells might have therapeutic potential in diabetic wound healing. Full article
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13 pages, 4969 KiB  
Article
Implant Placement in Patients under Treatment with Rivaroxaban: A Retrospective Clinical Study
by Guido Galletti, Fortunato Alfonsi, Angelo Raffaele, Nicola Alberto Valente, Sibylle Chatelain, Roni Kolerman, Chiara Cinquini, Stefano Romeggio, Giovanna Iezzi and Antonio Barone
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(12), 4607; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17124607 - 26 Jun 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3693
Abstract
The management of patients under treatment with Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) has led clinicians to deal with two clinical issues, such as the hemorrhagic risk in case of non-interruption or the risk of thromboembolism in case of suspension of the treatment. The primary [...] Read more.
The management of patients under treatment with Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) has led clinicians to deal with two clinical issues, such as the hemorrhagic risk in case of non-interruption or the risk of thromboembolism in case of suspension of the treatment. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of perioperative bleeding events and healing complications in patients who were under treatment with Rivaroxaban and who received dental implants and immediate prosthetic restoration. Patients treated with Rivaroxaban (Xarelto 20 mg daily) and who needed implant rehabilitation were selected. Four to six implants were placed in mandibular healed sites or fresh extraction sockets. All patients, in agreement with their physicians, interrupted the medication for 24 h and received implants and immediate restorations. Twelve patients and 57 implants were analyzed in the study. No major postoperative bleeding events were reported. Three patients (25%) presented slight immediate postoperative bleeding controlled with compression only. The implant and prosthetic survival rate were both 100% after 1 year. Within the limitations of this study, multiple implant placement with an immediate loading can be performed without any significant complication with a 24 h discontinuation of Rivaroxaban, in conjunction with the patient’s physician. Full article
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15 pages, 1606 KiB  
Article
Variation in Chin and Mandibular Symphysis Size and Shape in Males and Females: A CT-Based Study
by Tatiana Sella Tunis, Israel Hershkovitz, Hila May, Alexander Dan Vardimon, Rachel Sarig and Nir Shpack
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(12), 4249; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17124249 - 14 Jun 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6138
Abstract
The chin is a unique anatomical landmark of modern humans. Its size and shape play an important role from the esthetic perspective. However, disagreement exists in the dental and anthropological literature regarding the sex differences in chin and symphysis morphometrics. The “sexual selection” [...] Read more.
The chin is a unique anatomical landmark of modern humans. Its size and shape play an important role from the esthetic perspective. However, disagreement exists in the dental and anthropological literature regarding the sex differences in chin and symphysis morphometrics. The “sexual selection” theory is presented as a possible reason for chin formation in our species; however, many other contradictory theories also exist. This study’s aims were therefore to determine how chin and symphysis size and shape vary with sex, and to discuss “sexual selection” theory as a reason for its formation. Head and neck computed tomography (CT) scans of 419 adults were utilized to measure chin and symphysis sizes and shapes. The chin and symphysis measures were compared between the sexes using an independent-samples t-test, a Mann–Whitney test, and the F-statistic. The chin width was significantly greater in males than in females (p < 0.001), whereas the chin height, area, and size index were significantly greater in females (p < 0.001). Symphysis measures did not differ significantly between the sexes. Size accounted for 2–14% of the chin variance and between 24–33% of the symphysis variance. Overall, the chin was found to be a more heterogeneous anatomical structure than the symphysis, as well as more sexually dimorphic. Full article
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13 pages, 4898 KiB  
Article
Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of a New Implant Macrogeometry. A Sheep Study
by Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, Margherita Tumedei, Jaime Aramburú Júnior, Tiago Luis Eirles Treichel, Roni Kolerman, Stefania Lepore, Adriano Piattelli and Giovanna Iezzi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3477; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17103477 - 16 May 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3326
Abstract
Decompression or healing chambers between the threads have been proposed to improve and accelerate the osseointegration process of dental implants. The aim of the present work was to test, in an in vivo sheep study, if healing chambers between the threads could produce [...] Read more.
Decompression or healing chambers between the threads have been proposed to improve and accelerate the osseointegration process of dental implants. The aim of the present work was to test, in an in vivo sheep study, if healing chambers between the threads could produce a better osseointegration process. Thirty titanium implants (15 conventional design (control) and 15 implants with healing chambers (test)) were inserted in a random fashion in the tibia of 3 sheep. The animals were euthanized after 30 days of healing, and the retrieved specimens treated to obtain thin ground sections. Histological observations showed that the quantity of newly formed bone growing in an apical direction was lower in the control group (1095 µm) when compared to the Test group (1658 µm). This difference was statistically significant. Moreover, a layer of osteogenic matrix was present around the portion of implants immersed in the marrow spaces. This osteogenic tissue was thicker in the test group. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the very good results in implants with healing chambers that presented a higher percentage of new bone formation. Full article
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7 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 Factors and Psychological Factors Associated with Elevated Psychological Distress among Dentists and Dental Hygienists in Israel
by Maayan Shacham, Yaira Hamama-Raz, Roni Kolerman, Ori Mijiritsky, Menachem Ben-Ezra and Eitan Mijiritsky
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2900; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17082900 - 22 Apr 2020
Cited by 212 | Viewed by 12583
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of COVID-19 factors and psychological factors with psychological distress among dental staff during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 338 Israeli dentists and dental hygienists, who provided their demographic [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of COVID-19 factors and psychological factors with psychological distress among dental staff during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 338 Israeli dentists and dental hygienists, who provided their demographic data; answered questions about COVID-19-related factors; and were assessed by subjective overload, self-efficacy, and psychological distress scales. Data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression. Results revealed that elevated psychological distress was found among those who have background illness, fear of contracting COVID-19 from patient, and a higher subjective overload. Lower psychological distress was associated with being in a committed relationship and having higher scores for self-efficacy. Given these results, gathered during times of an infectious disease outbreak, exploring psychological distress among dental staff is warranted as the effects may be long-term. Full article
11 pages, 2610 KiB  
Article
Primary Stability of Dental Implants in Low-Density (10 and 20 pcf) Polyurethane Foam Blocks: Conical vs Cylindrical Implants
by Luca Comuzzi, Margherita Tumedei, Ana Emilia Pontes, Adriano Piattelli and Giovanna Iezzi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2617; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17082617 - 11 Apr 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3142
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to compare, in low-density polyurethane blocks, the primary implant stability values (micromobility) and removal torque values of three different implant geometries in two different bone densities representing the structure of the human posterior jaws. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of the present study was to compare, in low-density polyurethane blocks, the primary implant stability values (micromobility) and removal torque values of three different implant geometries in two different bone densities representing the structure of the human posterior jaws. Methods: A total of 60 implants were used in the present investigation: twenty implants for each of three groups (group A, group B, and group C), in both polyurethane 10 pcf and 20 pcf densities. The insertion torque, pull-out torque, and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were obtained. Results: No differences were found in the values of Group A and Group B implants. In both these groups, the insertion torques were quite low in the 10 pcf blocks. Better results were found in the 20 pcf blocks, which showed very good stability of the implants. The pull-out values were slightly lower than the insertion torque values. High ISQ values were found in Group A and B implants. Lower values were present in Group C implants. Conclusions: The present investigation evaluated implants with different geometries that are available on the market, and not experimental implants specifically created for the study. The authors aimed to simulate real clinical conditions (poor-density bone or immediate post-extraction implants) in which knowledge of dental implant features, which may be useful in increasing the primary stability, may help the oral surgeon during the surgery planning. Full article
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15 pages, 352 KiB  
Article
Diet Practices, Body Mass Index, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Periodontitis- A Case-Control Study
by Galit Almoznino, Naama Gal, Liran Levin, Eitan Mijiritsky, Guy Weinberg, Ron Lev, Avraham Zini, Riva Touger-Decker, Daniella Chebath-Taub and Boaz Shay
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2340; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17072340 - 30 Mar 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3279
Abstract
Objectives: To assess and compare diet practices, body mass index (BMI), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adults with and without periodontitis. Methods: Demographics, health-related behaviors, BMI, dental and periodontal parameters, diet practices, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) [...] Read more.
Objectives: To assess and compare diet practices, body mass index (BMI), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adults with and without periodontitis. Methods: Demographics, health-related behaviors, BMI, dental and periodontal parameters, diet practices, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) were collected from 62 periodontitis patients and 100 controls without periodontitis. Results: Having periodontitis was positively associated with male sex (p = 0.004), older age (p < 0.001), smoking pack-years (p = 0.006), weight (p = 0.008), BMI (p = 0.003), number of meals per day (p < 0.001) and had a negative association with decayed teeth (p = 0.013), alcohol (p = 0.006), and sweets (p = 0.007) consumption. Periodontitis patients were more likely to avoid carbonated beverages (p = 0.028), hot (p = 0.003), and cold drinks (p = 0.013), cold (p = 0.028), hard textured (p = 0.002), and fibrous foods (p = 0.02) than the controls, and exhibited higher global OHIP-14 (p < 0.001) and most domain scores. Age (p < 0.001), BMI (p =0.045), number of meals per day (p = 0.024), and global OHIP-14 score (p < 0.001) remained positively associated with periodontitis in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Periodontitis patients exhibited higher BMI and altered diet practices and OHRQoL as compared to controls. Assessment of diet practices, BMI, and OHRQoL should be part of periodontal work-up. Dentists and dietitians should collaborate to design strategies to address these challenges. Full article
9 pages, 1060 KiB  
Conference Report
Peri-implant Soft Tissue Management: Cairo Opinion Consensus Conference
by Fernando Suárez López Del Amo, Shan-Huey Yu, Gilberto Sammartino, Anton Sculean, Giovanni Zucchelli, Giulio Rasperini, Pietro Felice, Giorgio Pagni, Vincenzo Iorio-Siciliano, Maria Gabriella Grusovin, Giovanni E. Salvi, Alberto Rebaudi, Giuseppe Luongo, Jack T. Krauser, Martina Stefanini, Andrea Blasi, Jaafar Mouhyi, Faten Ben Amor, Fatme M. Hamasni, Konstantinos Valavanis, Alain Simonpieri, Ahmed M. Osman, Erda Qorri, Rosario Rullo, Arzu Naipoglu, Vincenzo Bruno, Gaetano Marenzi, Francesco Riccitiello, Roberta Gasparro, Nikos Mardas, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Leonzio Fortunato and Hom-Lay Wangadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2281; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17072281 - 28 Mar 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4596
Abstract
Peri-implant soft tissues play a role of paramount importance, not only on the esthetic appearance, but also on the maintenance and long-term stability of implants. The present report presents the conclusions from the Consensus Conference of the South European North African Middle Eastern [...] Read more.
Peri-implant soft tissues play a role of paramount importance, not only on the esthetic appearance, but also on the maintenance and long-term stability of implants. The present report presents the conclusions from the Consensus Conference of the South European North African Middle Eastern Implantology & Modern Dentistry Association (SENAME) (4–6 November 2016, Cairo, Egypt). The conference focused on the topic of the soft tissue around dental implants, and in particular, on the influence of implant configurations on the marginal soft tissues, soft tissue alterations after immediate, early or delayed implant placement and immediate loading, the long-term outcomes of soft tissue stability around dental implants, and soft tissue augmentation around dental implants. Thirty world experts in this field were invited to take part in this two-day event; however, only 29 experts were in the final consensus voting process. Full article
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18 pages, 3036 KiB  
Review
A Narrative Review of the Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of the Peri-Implant Bone in Loaded and Unloaded Dental Implants. A 30-Year Experience (1988–2018)
by Margherita Tumedei, Adriano Piattelli, Marco Degidi, Carlo Mangano and Giovanna Iezzi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(6), 2088; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17062088 - 21 Mar 2020
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 3720
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present review was to assess the histological and histomorphometrical data from the paper published by our Laboratory on peri-implant bone in dental implants in different loading conditions. Methods: The papers published in different implant loading conditions, [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of the present review was to assess the histological and histomorphometrical data from the paper published by our Laboratory on peri-implant bone in dental implants in different loading conditions. Methods: The papers published in different implant loading conditions, in dental implants retrieved from humans, and in the Hard Tissues Research Center of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, were screened on MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and other electronic databases until 31 December 2018. Only articles that reported the histological and histomorphometrical values of the Bone-Implant Contact (BIC) were selected. Results: The system selection provided a total of 155 papers. The manuscripts included for the narrative review were 57. These papers provided histological and histomorphometrical data. Conclusions: The bone remodeling around dental implants was found to be a dynamic process; loading changed the microstructure of the peri-implant bone; and implants were found to provide a successful function, over several decades, with different range of degrees of BIC in vivo (varying from a little more than 30% to a little more than 90%). Loaded implants presented a 10%–12% higher BIC values when compared to submerged, unloaded implants, and rougher surfaces had, on average, about a 10% higher BIC than machined surfaces. Full article
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11 pages, 1584 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Simultaneous Use of Biomaterials in Transalveolar Sinus Floor Elevation: Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial in Humans
by Adrián Maximiano Millán, Rocío Bravo Álvarez, Miguel Plana Montori, María Guerrero González, David Saura García-Martín, Blanca Ríos-Carrasco, Francesca Monticelli, José Vicente Ríos-Santos and Ana Fernández-Palacín
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(6), 1888; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17061888 - 14 Mar 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2473
Abstract
Implants inserted in the posterior maxilla frequently need additional surgery for successful bone augmentation. One of the most common procedures for this is transalveolar sinus floor elevation. There are different protocols for this procedure, and there is controversy over the simultaneous application of [...] Read more.
Implants inserted in the posterior maxilla frequently need additional surgery for successful bone augmentation. One of the most common procedures for this is transalveolar sinus floor elevation. There are different protocols for this procedure, and there is controversy over the simultaneous application of grafting material upon elevating. In this prospective randomized clinical study in humans, a total of 49 transalveolar sinus floor elevations were performed in 49 different patients, divided into a control group (without graft, 25 patients) and a test group (with graft, 24 patients). The analyzed variables were obtained through digital orthopantomography on day 0 (day of surgery) and 18 months after surgery. These measurements showed a tendency towards greater vertical bone gain in the test group, but this was not statistically significant. Therefore, considering that sinus elevation and implant placement without the application of grafts is a successful treatment with fewer complications, a critical assessment of the need for these biomaterials is necessary. Full article
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15 pages, 5954 KiB  
Article
Allograft and Collagen Membrane Augmentation Procedures Preserve the Bone Level around Implants after Immediate Placement and Restoration
by Roni Kolerman, Nayrouz Qahaz, Eitan Barnea, Eitan Mijiritsky, Liat Chaushu, Haim Tal and Joseph Nissan
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(4), 1133; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17041133 - 11 Feb 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3295
Abstract
Background: Immediate implant placement and restoration (IPR), is a reliable treatment modality. Purpose: This historical prospective study evaluated the medium-term outcomes of hard tissue after IPR in the anterior maxilla with simultaneous hard tissue augmentation. Methods: Seventy-three patients treated with [...] Read more.
Background: Immediate implant placement and restoration (IPR), is a reliable treatment modality. Purpose: This historical prospective study evaluated the medium-term outcomes of hard tissue after IPR in the anterior maxilla with simultaneous hard tissue augmentation. Methods: Seventy-three patients treated with single-implant IPR in the anterior maxilla were followed for 1-8 years. Treatment involved, atraumatic extraction, immediate implant placement and abutment adaptation, followed by simultaneous augmentation with mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) particles to fill the gaps and restore the ridge. The surgical site was stabilized with a resorbable collagen membrane, followed by the connection of an acrylic provisional restoration. Results: All implants osseointegrated during the follow-up period (mean, 34 ± 22 months). Radiographic evaluation of the distance between the implant shoulder (IS) and crestal bone level (CBL) was of 0.86 ± 0.86 mm and 0.8 ± 0.84 mm mesially and distally, respectively. Splitting the results into up to 3 years and 3–8 years of follow-up data, the corresponding values were 0.90 ± 0.83 and 0.68 ± 0.88 for the mesial aspect and 0.99 ± 0.87and 0.74 ± 0.83 for the distal aspect, respectively. Mean peri-implant probing depth was 3.63 mm (SD ± 1.06) and 16 implants (22%) presented at least one bleeding pocket of ≥5 mm (peri implant mucositis). Conclusions: The immediate replacement of a single maxillary tooth by implants combined with guided bone regeneration is a predictable treatment modality with favorable peri-implant bony response. Full article
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