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Global Economic Burden of Cancers

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Economics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 16346

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Guest Editor
Department of Hematology, Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
Interests: health outcomes; economic analysis; cost-effectiveness analysis; health care management; decision analysis; pharmacy; healthcare economic growth; healthcare economics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Worldwide, the incidence and prevalence of malignant diseases and the number of deaths are increasing. For 2018, approximately 18 million new cases of cancer and approximately 9.6 million (95% UI: 9.3–9.8 million) deaths from cancer were estimated [1]. Leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide are malignancies of the lung, breast, colorectum, prostate, and stomach [2]. Variations in access to timely diagnosis, affordable and effective treatment, and high-quality care are just some of the factors that lead to disparities in cancer survival. In developed countries, the number of cancer survivors is growing steadily. This fact might generate economic challenges for patients, their families, payers, and healthcare systems.

The economic burden of cancer overall and for individual cancer entities varies by countries and regions due to differences in population demographics, distribution of cancer risk factors, cultural priorities, organization, and coverage by the healthcare system. Oncology medications are amongst the most expensive specialty drugs available. With years of research now bearing fruit, an influx of innovative treatments for cancer, including new molecular targeted therapies, along with developments in diagnostics, genomics, and proteomics is being observed. As more treatment options become available their costs continue to rise. Therefore, there is increasing verification of the value they bring and demand for proof of their benefits in terms of patient-relevant outcomes in comparison to the associated costs. After many years away from the spotlight, new oncology treatments must now compete with technologies in other indications, in terms of the benefits they bring and the proof points required to support them.

This Special Issue covers various topics in the context of the global economic burden of cancer to support discussions on the provision of universal health coverage for essential cancer medicines, fairer methods for pricing cancer medicines, reducing development costs, and optimizing regulation.

  1. Ferlay, J.; Colombet, M.; Soerjomataram, I.; Mathers, C.; Parkin, D.M.; Piñeros, M.; Znaor, A.; Bray, F. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int. J. Cancer 2019, 144, 1941–1953.
  2. The Global Cancer Observatory (IARC). GLOBOCAN 2018. Available online: gco.iarc.fr/ (accessed on 1 March 2019).

Dr. Karin Berger-Thürmel
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 8787 KiB  
Article
The Psychosocial Burden of Families with Childhood Blood Cancer
by Florencia Borrescio-Higa and Nieves Valdés
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 599; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19010599 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5091
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death for children, and leukemias are the most common pediatric cancer diagnoses in Chile. Childhood cancer is a traumatic experience and is associated with distress, pain, and other negative experiences for patients and their families. Thus, [...] Read more.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death for children, and leukemias are the most common pediatric cancer diagnoses in Chile. Childhood cancer is a traumatic experience and is associated with distress, pain, and other negative experiences for patients and their families. Thus, psychosocial costs represent a large part of the overall burden of cancer. This study examines psychosocial experiences in a sample of 90 families of children with blood-related cancer in Chile. We provide a global overview of the family experience, focusing on patients, caregivers, and siblings. We find that most families report a negative impact upon diagnosis; disruptions in family dynamics; a range of negative feelings of the patient, such as depression, discouragement, and irritability; and difficulty with social lives. Additionally, they report negative effects in the relationship between the siblings of the patient and their parents, and within their caregivers’ spouse/partner relationship, as well as a worsening of the economic condition of the primary caregiver. Furthermore, over half of the families in the sample had to move due to diagnosis and/or treatment. Promoting interventions that can help patients, siblings, and parents cope with distress and promote resilience and well-being are important. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Economic Burden of Cancers)
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15 pages, 1396 KiB  
Article
Medical Cost of Cancer Care for Privately Insured Children in Chile
by Florencia Borrescio-Higa and Nieves Valdés
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(13), 6746; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18136746 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2624
Abstract
Medical care for children with cancer is complex and expensive, and represents a large financial burden for families around the world. We estimated the medical cost of cancer care for children under the age of 18, using administrative records of the universe of [...] Read more.
Medical care for children with cancer is complex and expensive, and represents a large financial burden for families around the world. We estimated the medical cost of cancer care for children under the age of 18, using administrative records of the universe of children with private insurance in Chile in the period 2007–2018, based on a sample of 3853 observations. We analyzed total cost and out-of-pocket spending by patients’ characteristics, type of cancer, and by service. Children with cancer had high annual medical costs, USD 32,287 on average for 2018. Costs were higher for the younger children in the sample. The vast majority of the cost was driven by inpatient hospital care for all types of cancer. The average total cost increased 20% in real terms over the period of study, while out-of-pocket expenses increased almost 29%. Private insurance beneficiaries faced a significant economic burden associated with medical treatment of a child with cancer. Interventions that reduce hospitalizations, as well as systemwide reforms that incorporate maximum out-of-pocket payments and prevent catastrophic expenditures, can contribute to alleviating the financial burden of childhood cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Economic Burden of Cancers)
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17 pages, 2121 KiB  
Article
The Economic Impact of Rectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study in Italy
by Anna Gigli, Silvia Francisci, Giulia Capodaglio, Daniela Pierannunzio, Sandra Mallone, Andrea Tavilla, Tania Lopez, Manuel Zorzi, Fabrizio Stracci, Susanna Busco, Walter Mazzucco, Sara Lonardi, Fortunato Bianconi, Antonio Giampiero Russo, Silvia Iacovacci, Diego Serraino, Gianfranco Manneschi, Mario Fusco, Rosanna Cusimano, Massimo Rugge and Stefano Guzzinatiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 474; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18020474 - 08 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2855
Abstract
Costs of cancer care are increasing worldwide, and sustainability of cancer burden is critical. In this study, the economic impact of rectal cancer on the Italian healthcare system, measured as public healthcare expenditure related to investigation and treatment of rectal cancer patients is [...] Read more.
Costs of cancer care are increasing worldwide, and sustainability of cancer burden is critical. In this study, the economic impact of rectal cancer on the Italian healthcare system, measured as public healthcare expenditure related to investigation and treatment of rectal cancer patients is estimated. A cross-sectional cohort of 9358 rectal cancer patients is linked, on an individual basis, to claims associated to rectal cancer diagnosis and treatments. Costs refer mainly to years 2010–2011 and are estimated by phase of care, as healthcare needs vary along the care pathway: diagnostic procedures are mainly provided in the first year, surveillance procedures are addressed to chronically ill patients, and end-of-life procedures are given in the terminal status. Clinical approaches and corresponding costs are specific by cancer type and vary by phase of care, stage at diagnosis, and age. Surgery is undertaken by the great majority of patients. Thus, hospitalization is the main cost driver. The evidence produced can be used to improve planning and allocation of healthcare resources. In particular, early diagnosis of rectal cancer is a gain in healthcare budget. Policies raising spreading of and adherence to screening plans, above all when addressed to people living in Southern Italy, should be strongly encouraged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Economic Burden of Cancers)
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11 pages, 671 KiB  
Article
The Direct and Indirect Costs of Colorectal Cancer in Vietnam: An Economic Analysis from a Social Perspective
by Binh Thang Tran, Kui Son Choi, Thanh Xuan Nguyen, Dae Kyung Sohn, Sun-Young Kim, Jae Kyung Suh, Van Sang Phan, Huu Tri Pham, Minh Hanh Nguyen, Thanh Binh Nguyen, Huu Khoi Hoang, Thi Thanh Binh Nguyen, Minh Tu Nguyen and Jin-Kyoung Oh
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 12; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18010012 - 22 Dec 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4069
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased rapidly in Vietnam, but the economic burden of this disease has never been estimated. We estimate the direct and indirect cost of CRC patients in Vietnam in 2018 using a prevalence-based approach and [...] Read more.
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased rapidly in Vietnam, but the economic burden of this disease has never been estimated. We estimate the direct and indirect cost of CRC patients in Vietnam in 2018 using a prevalence-based approach and human capital method. The total economic cost of CRC was VND 3041.88 billion (~$132.9 million), representing 0.055% of the 2018 gross domestic product. Notably, indirect costs comprised 83.58 % of the total cost, 82.61% of which is future income loss, because CRC occurs during productive years. The economic burden of CRC in Vietnam is substantial. The medical cost for CRC diagnosis and treatment is higher for younger patients and for those in advanced stages. Strategies to decrease the economic burden of CRC at the patient and national level, such as screening programs, should be developed and implemented in Vietnam. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Economic Burden of Cancers)
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