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Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 28290

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Silvia Arribas Galagarra

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Guest Editor

Departament of Musical, Visual Arts and Physical Education Didactics, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
Interests: physical activity; sport; education; psychology

Dr. Fátima Chacón-Borrego

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Guest Editor

Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
Interests: physical activity; sport; education; pyschology

Dr. Lzaskun Luis de Cos

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Guest Editor

Dr. Jose J. Muros Molina

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Guest Editor

Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: physical activity; health; anthropometry; childhood
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

At the moment we find ourselves in an unprecedented situation. The pandemic declared during the first months of 2020 persists and it is transforming the world's population’s lifestyle. Society, as we have known it until now, has radically changed. Mobility restrictions have been enforced and it is recommended to minimize social contact. The areas of education, work, and leisure are affected. Citizens of every age group have restrictions on personal interaction, physical activity has been limited, and personal, social, and emotional development is suffering significant deterioration. At this time, active lifestyles have become more relevant. Movement is recognized as a fundamental element that helps global wellbeing. There are many factors related to lack of activity, which, in recent months, have repeatedly appeared. Psychosocial aspects such as emotional intelligence or mental toughness are being valued as variables that determine how individuals cope with the current reality. Therefore, through this Special Issue entitled “Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyles, and Other Associated Variables”, we invite you, with your contributions, to support the need to maintain an active lifestyle, especially with those investigations that combine a high academic level with a practical approach that provides relevant scientific evidence about the following:

Physical education and development (emotional, social, cognitive and academic)
Relations between sport and emotional intelligence
Physical activity and psychosocial improvements
Education, active lifestyles, and health
Active lifestyles, wellbeing, and quality of life

Dr. Silvia Arribas Galagarra
Dr. Fátima Chacón-Borrego
Dr. Lzaskun Luis de Cos
Dr. Jose J. Muros Molina
Guest Editor

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Keywords

physical education
exercise
sport
education
emotional intelligence
well-being
social goals

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

AirBadminton for Physical Activity and Well-Being in Spanish Students: Post-COVID-19

by Mario Terol-Sanchis, María José Gomis-Gomis, Carlos Elvira-Aranda, David Cabello-Manrique and José Antonio Pérez-Turpin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4110; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20054110 - 25 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1374

Abstract

Sports commitment is a psychological construct that has been studied since the 1990s and that has been used in the educational field. The main objective of this study is to analyze the suitability of AirBadminton to acquired sports commitment and the classroom climate generated through the practice of AirBadminton. It was also proposed to analyze the physical, technical and temporal characteristics of AirBadminton. The research was developed with 1298 students between 13 and 15 years of age (mean ± standard deviation; body height: 1.61 ± 7.08 m; body mass 59.68 ± 7.11 kg); one group developed an AirBadminton didactic unit forming the experimental group, and a second group carried out other net games, being the control group. The following instruments were used: the Sports Commitment Questionnaire-2 CCD-2, the Brief Class Climate Scale EBCC, the analysis software LongoMatch version 1.10.1, the heart rate (HR) and the distance traveled of some participants were monitored with different Polar brand sensors (Polar H10 and Verity Sense) and two SPI-Elite GPS devices from the GPSports brand. Results show that sports commitment was increased in the experimental group. AirBadminton shows aspects that are directly and positively related to intrinsic motivation and adherence to sports practice; it improves the classroom climate and increases the desire to excel of the participants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

21 pages, 3069 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pre-Service University Training, Body Expression and Self-Concept

by Maria Rosario Romero-Martín and Daniel Caballero-Julia

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16218; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192316218 - 04 Dec 2022

Viewed by 829

Abstract

Body Expression (BE) has been defined in the past few decades as a discipline within Physical Education (PE) with very particular characteristics and a strong emotional component. In this study, a BE program was applied with university Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (PASS) students from six consecutive academic years: three prior to and three during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pre-post design was used to determine how the BE program affected the university students’ self-concept (SC). Thus, a questionnaire with a multidimensional approach to this construct was administered, with dimensions closely related to the BE program characteristics. The results revealed significant improvements in the final SC, compared to the initial SC. The men reported lower SC values than the women before the program’s implementation, but higher at the end. Therefore, the change was greater in the men, so the program may have had an equalizing effect between the groups. It was also verified that the pandemic had particularly affected the women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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15 pages, 893 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Pedagogical Contexts When Gender and Emotions Intersect with the Body: Interviews with Feminist PE Teachers and Associated Professionals

by Irati Leon, Rakel Gamito, María Teresa Vizcarra and Ana Luisa López-Vélez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15510; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192315510 - 23 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1052

Abstract

The importance of approaching school physical education from the perspective of body and identity diversity is currently receiving increased recognition generally, and this is perhaps especially true in the Basque Country, Spain. A number of involved professionals are committed to emotional education from a gender perspective with the objective of facilitating emotional awareness through the body. The aim of this research project was to compile the experiences and reflections of relevant professionals in the field of education and, on the basis of this testimony, identify limitations with respect to current engagement in this area. We conducted fourteen in-depth interviews with key informants, and their transcripts were analysed using Nvivo software release 1.4, contrasting the coding two by two. The results provide a snapshot of the current context and highlight some of the existing discourses and challenges in the education system around this topic. We conclude that physical activity is a key area in which to work on emotional education and reinforce a gender perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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11 pages, 361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Adolescents after the COVID-19 Lockdown and One Year Afterward

by Alejandro Carriedo, Jose Antonio Cecchini, Luis Enrique Fernández-Álvarez and Carmen González

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 14660; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192214660 - 08 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1512

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in physical activity and physical fitness between the beginning of the first academic year after a confinement (November 2020) and the beginning of the second academic year after a confinement (“new normality”: November 2021) in a cohort of adolescents. Moreover, the evolution of physical fitness after controlling for physical activity was examined. A total of 687 students (M = 15.35, SD = 1.677) from a high school located in a rural town in northern Spain gave information on their physical activity (PA) levels in two different periods. Linear mixed models were used to examine these changes. The results indicated that vigorous physical activity (VPA) and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) significantly increased between the two periods. A growth tendency of several components of fitness (upper body power, strength endurance, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, and eye–hand coordination) was also observed. Finally, the results indicated that belonging to a sports club and getting involved in more VPA better explained the development in cardiovascular and muscle fitness between the two time points. Thus, the results of this study highlighted the relevance of membership in a sports club and vigorous PA in order to mitigate the potential negative effect of social distancing measures on physical fitness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

12 pages, 1688 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Explanatory Model of Sport Motivation, Physical Self-Concept and Anxiety as a Function of the Degree of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Future Physical Education Teachers

by Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez, Pilar Puertas-Molero, Gabriel González-Valero and José Manuel Alonso-Vargas

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13547; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192013547 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1450

Abstract

The present research has the objectives of establishing the relationship between motivational climate towards sport, anxiety, and physical self-concept, and identifying the existing relationships between anxiety, motivational climate, and physical self-concept, broken down into (a) developing an explanatory model of the motivational climate towards sport and its relationship with anxiety and physical self-concept, and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis according to the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A quantitative, comparative, non-experimental (ex post facto), cross-sectional study was carried out with a total sample of 556 participants (23.06 ± 6.23). The instruments used were an ad hoc questionnaire and the Spanish versions of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire 2, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Self-Concept Form-5, and the PREDIMED questionnaire. The data reveal that participants who show high adherence to the Mediterranean diet attain higher scores on physical self-concept and anxiety, as well as ego-climate. As a conclusion, it is observed that participants who show a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet show higher scores in physical self-concept and anxiety, as well as in all the variables that make up the ego-climate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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12 pages, 922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emotional Response in the Elderly to Sports Materials

by Juan Carlos Fernández-Truan and Cristina María Machado Arenós

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11775; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191811775 - 18 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1195

Abstract

This research aims to understand the effectiveness of the material resources used by 365 elderly people who perform physical activities in Seville (Spain), based on the sensations that the use of these objects gave them. A descriptive design was used through a questionnaire validated by the Delphi method with 10 pre-selected experts. The results showed the existence of significant relationships between the emotions generated in the elderly and the handling of different materials. This is essential for the planning of physical activities for this type of user in order to achieve greater motivation and continuity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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6 pages, 641 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Motivation, Anxiety and Leadership in Athletes

by Isabel Mercader Rubio, Nieves Gutiérrez Ángel, María Dolores Pérez Esteban and Nieves Fátima Oropesa Ruiz

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19127521 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3819

Abstract

Nowadays, emotional intelligence is not only understood as the recognition of our own emotions but also the regulation of these emotions. In the field of sports, the concept of sports leadership is increasingly relevant, understood as a behavioral and cognitive process closely related to sports success, based on interpersonal relationships, trust, respect and the feeling of coherence. In this study, we intend to analyze the relationship between sports success and emotional intelligence to verify their relationship and the influence of other variables such as sports anxiety. As a sample, we took a total of 165 active sportsmen and women studying for both undergraduate and master’s degrees related to the sciences of physical activity and sport. The expected results aim to demonstrate the relationship between emotional intelligence, sports leadership and sports anxiety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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12 pages, 951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Explanatory Model of the Relationships between Physical Activity, Social Support and Screen Time among Adolescents

by Daniel Sanz-Martín, Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez, Germán Ruiz-Tendero and José Luis Ubago-Jiménez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7463; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19127463 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2009

Abstract

Effective physical activity studies are necessary to understand how factors involved in physical activity mediate behaviour. Therefore, more reliable explanatory models can be generated in order to design effective actions to promote physical activity. The study had two aims: (1) to develop an explanatory model to identify and establish the relationships between physical activity, social support and screen time among adolescents; and (2) to contrast the explanatory structural model by means of a multi-group analysis according to sex. The study design was cross-sectional with descriptive and correlational analysis. The research was carried out with a representative sample of adolescents from the province of Soria (mean age 14.06 ± 1.27 years). The instruments used were: Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire, Parent Support Scale and Peer Support Scale. The results show that social support had a negative relationship with screen time (r = −0.178; p ≤ 0.001); males had a positive relationship between physical activity and screen time (r = 0.118; p ≤ 0.05); and peer support had more influence on social support than parental support. In conclusion, the proposed model was effective in triangulating the relationships between physical activity, social support and screen time in a novel way, while allowing us to discriminate these results according to participants’ sex. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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11 pages, 1775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lifestyle and Self-Perceived Quality of Life in Sports Students: A Case Study

by Juan Gavala-González, Amanda Torres-Perez, Ismael Gálvez-Fernández and José Carlos Fernández-García

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1598; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031598 - 30 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2817

Abstract

Adolescence has been considered a crucial stage for the adoption of healthy habits such as physical activity. In addition, numerous research studies have shown that physical activity is a positive factor for health behaviors and quality of life. In this sense, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity levels and perceived quality of life in a sample of students studying physical activity and sport. This is a descriptive observational study with a population of physical activity and sports students from the San Pablo High School in Seville, Spain. The participants (N = 86), with a mean age of 18.56 ± 1.88 years, were pursuing professional qualifications in Physical Activity and Sport. They were administered the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) and the SF-36 questionnaire on perceived health status. For data analysis, a correlation analysis (Spearman’s rho) was performed. The results indicate that students attending sports-related vocational training programs engaged in more physical activity (96.9%) than the population average suggested by the World Health Organization (20%). In addition, a direct relationship was shown between participating in physical activity and perceived health. Depending on the intensity of the physical activity, students found less physical interference (IPAQ Vigorous—Physical Function (rho = 0.252; p = 0.019); IPAQ Sedentary—Bodily Pain (rho = 0. 223; p < 0.039); IPAQ Total—Physical Function (rho = 0.256; p = 0.018)) and emotional interference (IPAQ Moderate—Emotional Role (rho = 0.237; p = 0.028)) when performing exercise or activities of daily life; therefore, physical activity appears to be beneficial for self-perception of quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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8 pages, 343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Disruptive Behaviors in Physical Education: A Matched Study of Social Skills and Sport Practice in a Region of Spain

by Rubén Navarro-Patón, Marcos Mecías-Calvo, Raúl Eirín-Nemiña and Víctor Arufe-Giráldez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1166; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031166 - 21 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2071

Abstract

Disruptive behaviors in physical education cause conflicts among students and, consequently, an abnormal development of classes. Therefore, finding the variables that can solve them is an urgent aspect to achieve an adequate learning environment in the 21st century school. The aim of this study was to analyze what happens to disruptive behaviors in relation to systematic and regulated sports and social practice in a sample of Spanish primary school students. Five hundred and forty-eight schoolchildren (276 were girls (50.4%)) participated with a mean age of 10.98 (SD = 0.71). The results show a significant main effect in terms of social skills in relatedness (p < 0.001), irresponsibility (p < 0.001), failure to follow directions (p < 0.001), distracting or disturbing others (p < 0.001), and in poor self-management (p < 0.001) with higher scores in disruptive behaviors in students with lower social skills. Regarding sports practice, only a significant main effect was found in relatedness (p < 0.001) and in poor self-management (p < 0.001), with the highest scores the schoolchildren who do not practice sports. Schoolchildren with high social skills obtain lower scores in disruptive behaviors. Likewise, schoolchildren who play sports have lower scores in relatedness and poor self-management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

12 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Validation of the Non-Verbal Immediacy Scale (NVIS) for the Evaluation of Non-Verbal Language in University Professors

by Pilar Puertas-Molero, Félix Zurita-Ortega, Gabriel González-Valero and José Luis Ortega-Martín

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1159; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031159 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2054

Abstract

Knowledge and awareness of how to use non-verbal language is essential for the educational field. For this reason, the aim of this study was to develop a validation that validly and reliably measures the analysis of non-verbal language in university teachers. Content validation was carried out by applying the Delphi technique and through an exploratory and confirmatory analysis. The validity of understanding is given by the application of the scale to 1316 university teachers between 24 and 67 years of age. The initial data collected through the Delphi technique provided some modifications. The final scale, called Non-verbal immediacy, was composed of a total of 26 items that presented satisfactory adjustments in both comprehension and outcome validity. Confirmatory factor analysis determined three dimensions (kinesics, paralanguage, and proxemics). These factors will be a new element for future lines of research related to the teaching-learning process, as high relationships have been demonstrated between non-verbal language and psychosocial aspects implicit in teaching practice, as well as comprehension and student learning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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9 pages, 645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception of Competence as Mediator between Motor Competence and Physical Activity

by Luis-de Cos Izaskun, Urrutia-Gutierrez Saioa, Luis-de Cos Gurutze and Arribas-Galarraga Silvia

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 392; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19010392 - 30 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1709

Abstract

Background: The practice of physical activity (PA) plays an important role in achieving an active-healthy lifestyle. Several authors have focused their studies on the relationship between motor competence (MC) and physical activity (PA). Stodden et al. proposed a conceptual model, where they postulated the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the two variables and that there are mediating variables that play a critical role in this relationship as perceived motor competence (PMC). Aims: Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence to support the conceptual model. The aim is to examine the association of PMC and MC with PA and to determine whether PMC is a mediator of the association between MC and PA in Basque adolescents. Methods: 897 students between 12 and 16 years old from the Basque Country (Spain) participated in this study. The SPORTCOMP battery was used to assess motor competence and the AMPET-R questionnaire was applied to measure the PMC. To know the level of PA participants were asked how many days per week they performed physical activity, considering physical activity to include any sport activity, organized or unorganized, that meets the conditions of a minimum duration of 60 min medium and vigorous intensity. A descriptive, correlational and direct/indirect effect approach was used, using the PROCESS macro for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The results highlight that, on the one hand, PMC significantly correlates with both MC and PA and, on the other hand, it is corroborated that PMC is a mediator variable in the relationship between MC and PA. Conclusion: The mediation role of the PMC in the association between MC and PA raises the necessity not only to improve motor skills but also to provide successful experiences that allow adolescents to build a competent image of themselves that will contribute to the achievement and maintenance of an active lifestyle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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11 pages, 367 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Linking Emotional Intelligence, Physical Activity and Aggression among Undergraduates

by José Luis Ubago-Jiménez, Mar Cepero-González, Asunción Martínez-Martínez and Fátima Chacón-Borrego

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12477; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182312477 - 26 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2396

Abstract

Several indicators are strongly related to health and well-being in university students, such as emotional intelligence and physical activity. At the same time, some qualities threaten it and are incompatible with students’ adaptation to society in general, such as aggressive behaviours. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship established between emotional intelligence using TMMS-24, physical activity, using IPAQ, and aggression behaviours in university students. For this purpose, a descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study was developed with 932 undergraduates (M = 20.55; SD = 3.673). The findings highlight how emotional intelligence and physical activity practice decrease violent behaviour in university students. In addition, men tend to have more aggressive behaviours than women as well as the relation between physical activity and emotional intelligence is stronger in all its dimensions. Results highlight the importance of including emotional intelligence programs in order to enable undergraduate well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

11 pages, 373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accelerometer-Measured Daily Step Counts and Adiposity Indicators among Latin American Adults: A Multi-Country Study

by Gerson Ferrari, Adilson Marques, Tiago V. Barreira, Irina Kovalskys, Georgina Gómez, Attilio Rigotti, Lilia Yadira Cortés, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Rossina G. Pareja, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Viviana Guajardo, Ana Carolina B. Leme, Juan Guzmán Habinger, Pedro Valdivia-Moral, Mónica Suárez-Reyes, Andreas Ihle, Elvio R. Gouveia, Mauro Fisberg and on behalf of the ELANS Study Group

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 4641; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18094641 - 27 Apr 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2432

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the sex-related associations between accelerometer-measured daily step counts and adiposity indicators in adults from eight Latin American countries. We analyzed data from 2524 adults (aged 18–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Device-measured daily step counts were measured by accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X). The outcomes were body mass index (BMI; (kg/m2), waist and neck circumference (in cm). Overall, the mean of daily steps counts, BMI, waist and neck circumference were 10699.8, 27.3, 89.6, and 35.8. Weak and negative associations were observed between daily steps counts and BMI (r = −0.17; p < 0.05) and waist circumference (r = −0.16; p < 0.05); however, step counts was not associated with neck circumference. Daily steps counts were negatively associated with BMI (β: −0.054; 95%CI: −0.077; −0.012) and waist circumference (−0.098; −0.165; −0.030) independently of age and socioeconomic level. In men, there were significant negative associations between daily steps counts with BMI (−0.075; −0.119; −0.031) and waist circumference (−0.140; −0.233; −0.048), and in women, there was no significant association with either of the body composition indicators. The findings from this study need to be examined in prospective settings that use device-measured from Latin America. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Intelligence, Active Lifestyle, and Other Associated Variables)

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