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Gene-Nutrient-Environment Interactions
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Gene-Nutrient-Environment Interactions

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 14060

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Emma Beckett

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, Australia
2. Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, Australia
Interests: nutrigenetics; nutrigenomics; nutritional epigenetics; taste; folate; vitamin D; gene-nutrient-environment interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health welcomes submissions for a Special Issue focusing in gene–nutrient–environment interactions.

Many chronic and lifestyle-related diseases are multifactorial, including genetic, dietary, and environmental risk factors. Importantly, the impact of these factors on risk is not merely additive but can be interactive. This issue will feature a diverse array of topics related to gene–nutrient–environment interactions. These topics include but are not limited to epidemiological and experimental studies (including human, animal, or tissue culture models) with a focus on interactions between genetic variants, dietary factors, and environmental exposures. Dietary factors may include specific nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns, and environmental exposures may include exogenous lifestyle factors or exposures, or exposures such as the microbiota. Research in other omics fields such as transcriptomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, and proteomics is also welcomed; researchers from these fields may submit papers to this important Special Issue. Original research studies and reviews on all the topics related to gene–nutrient–environment interactions are invited.

Dr. Emma Beckett
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nutrigenetics
  • Nutrigenomics
  • Gene–nutrient–environment interactions
  • Nutritional epigenetics
  • Chronic disease

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 376 KiB  
Article
Environmental UVR Levels and Skin Pigmentation Gene Variants Associated with Folate and Homocysteine Levels in an Elderly Cohort
by Patrice Jones, Mark Lucock, Christopher J. Scarlett, Martin Veysey and Emma Beckett
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(5), 1545; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17051545 - 28 Feb 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2708
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a ubiquitous exposure which may contribute to decreased folate levels. Skin pigmentation mediates the biological effect of UVR exposure, but its relationship to folate levels is unexamined. Interactions may exist between UVR and pigmentation genes in determining folate status, [...] Read more.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a ubiquitous exposure which may contribute to decreased folate levels. Skin pigmentation mediates the biological effect of UVR exposure, but its relationship to folate levels is unexamined. Interactions may exist between UVR and pigmentation genes in determining folate status, which may, in turn, impact homocysteine levels, a potential risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Therefore, independent and interactive influences of environmental UVR and genetic variants related to skin pigmentation (MC1R-rs1805007, IRF4-rs12203592 and HERC2-rs12913832) on folate (red blood cell (RBC) and serum) and homocysteine levels were examined in an elderly Australian cohort (n = 599). Genotypes were assessed by RT/RFLP-PCR, and UVR exposures were assessed as the accumulated erythemal dose rate accumulated over 4 months (4M-EDR). Multivariate analysis found significant negative associations between 4M-EDR and RBC folate (p < 0.001, β = −0.19), serum folate (p = 0.045, β = −0.08) and homocysteine levels (p < 0.001, β = −0.28). Significant associations between MC1R-rs1805007 and serum folate levels (p = 0.020), and IRF4-rs12203592 and homocysteine levels (p = 0.026) occurred but did not remain significant following corrections with confounders. No interactions between 4M-EDR and pigmentation variants in predicting folate/homocysteine levels were found. UVR levels and skin pigmentation-related variants are potential determinants of folate and homocysteine status, although, associations are mixed and complex, with further studies warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene-Nutrient-Environment Interactions)

Review

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18 pages, 774 KiB  
Review
Intense Sweeteners, Taste Receptors and the Gut Microbiome: A Metabolic Health Perspective
by Alexandria Turner, Martin Veysey, Simon Keely, Christopher J. Scarlett, Mark Lucock and Emma L. Beckett
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(11), 4094; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17114094 - 08 Jun 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6434
Abstract
Intense sweeteners (IS) are often marketed as a healthier alternative to sugars, with the potential to aid in combating the worldwide rise of diabetes and obesity. However, their use has been counterintuitively associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, weight gain and altered gut microbiota. [...] Read more.
Intense sweeteners (IS) are often marketed as a healthier alternative to sugars, with the potential to aid in combating the worldwide rise of diabetes and obesity. However, their use has been counterintuitively associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, weight gain and altered gut microbiota. The nature of these associations, and the mechanisms responsible, are yet to be fully elucidated. Differences in their interaction with taste receptors may be a potential explanatory factor. Like sugars, IS stimulate sweet taste receptors, but due to their diverse structures, some are also able to stimulate bitter taste receptors. These receptors are expressed in the oral cavity and extra-orally, including throughout the gastrointestinal tract. They are involved in the modulation of appetite, glucose homeostasis and gut motility. Therefore, taste genotypes resulting in functional receptor changes and altered receptor expression levels may be associated with metabolic conditions. IS and taste receptors may both interact with the gastrointestinal microbiome, and their interactions may potentially explain the relationship between IS use, obesity and metabolic outcomes. While these elements are often studied in isolation, the potential interactions remain unexplored. Here, the current evidence of the relationship between IS use, obesity and metabolic outcomes is presented, and the potential roles for interactions with taste receptors and the gastrointestinal microbiota in modulating these relationships are explored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene-Nutrient-Environment Interactions)
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14 pages, 814 KiB  
Protocol
The Environmental and Bitter Taste Endophenotype Determinants of Picky Eating in Australian School-Aged Children 7–12 years—A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study Protocol
by Rati Jani, Rebecca Byrne, Penny Love, Cathy Agarwal, Fanke Peng, Yang Wai Yew, Demosthenes Panagiotakos and Nenad Naumovski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(5), 1573; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17051573 - 29 Feb 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3874
Abstract
Caregivers’ perceptions of children’s pickiness are relatively scarce in relation to the five core food groups and their importance in providing a nutritionally balanced diet. Furthermore, there is no validated questionnaire that examines child-reported food preferences in an age-appropriate manner, and the use [...] Read more.
Caregivers’ perceptions of children’s pickiness are relatively scarce in relation to the five core food groups and their importance in providing a nutritionally balanced diet. Furthermore, there is no validated questionnaire that examines child-reported food preferences in an age-appropriate manner, and the use of terms such as a “picky eater” can be attributed to environmental and genetic factors. Despite potential links between children’s food preferences and endophenotype bitter taste, associations between bitter taste sensitivity and picky eating is relatively unexplored. The proposed cross-sectional study aims to develop and validate a parent-reported core-food Picky Eating Questionnaire (PEQ) and child-reported Food Preference Questionnaire (C-FPQ) and simultaneously investigate environmental and phenotype determinants of picky eating. The study will be conducted in three stages: Phase 1, piloting PEQ and C-FPQ questionnaires (15–20 primary caregivers and their children aged 7–12 years); Phase 2 and 3, validating the revised questionnaires and evaluating the 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitter taste sensitivity to examine perception to bitter taste (369 primary caregivers and their children). Study findings will generate new validated tools (PEQ, C-FPQ) for use in evidence-based practice and research and explore picky eating as a behavioural issue via the potential genetic-phenotype basis of bitter taste sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene-Nutrient-Environment Interactions)
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