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Mobile Health Interventions

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Communication and Informatics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 31389

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sung-Hee Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Industrial ICT Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
Interests: data visualization; human–computer interaction; health informatics; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the significant developments in mobile technology, mobile health is expanding its field in the digital health sector, providing individuals with healthcare support for both clinical and non-clinical populations. The range of applications varies from helping individuals’ lifestyles, such as improving fitness or food consumption, up to supporting chronic diseases. The diseases and target users are also diverse. Due to the wide range of support, there are important research areas for designing health intervention systems and implementing them to enhance their impact. Additionally, a large amount of data is collected and being configured for personalization, driven by artificial intelligence. In this Special Issue, we invite you to share your work on mobile health interventions, which will positively impact the future to facilitate and improve care delivery effectively.

Dr. Sung-Hee Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mobile health
  • telemedicine
  • behavioral change
  • personalization
  • wearable devices
  • chronic disease
  • elderly and diabetes
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • behavioral change
  • data-driven decisions
  • physical activity
  • self-management
  • machine learning
  • digital health
  • digital therapeutics

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3061 KiB  
Article
Stress Distribution Analysis of Threaded Implants for Digital Dentistry
by Seokho Ahn, Jaesung Kim, Seok Chan Jeong, Myungil Kim, Cheolyoung Kim and Dongki Park
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12674; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191912674 - 04 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1458
Abstract
In this study, stability evaluation is performed through structural analysis based on digital dental implant design variables. The design variables include the implant length and thickness, cortical bone thickness, and elastic modulus of the cancellous bone. Subsequently, the stress in the external cortical [...] Read more.
In this study, stability evaluation is performed through structural analysis based on digital dental implant design variables. The design variables include the implant length and thickness, cortical bone thickness, and elastic modulus of the cancellous bone. Subsequently, the stress in the external cortical bone, in which numerous nerves exist, is analyzed. Results show that stress increases as the implant length decreases. However, when the implant length is 10 mm, the stress decreases, owing to stress dispersion at the lower section of the implant. Moreover, as the implant thickness increases, the stress decreases. As the elastic modulus of the cancellous bone decreases, the stress exerted on the cancellous bone decreases; consequently, the stress exerted on the cortical bone increases. Finally, as the thickness of the cortical bone increases, the stress decreases when a vertical load is applied. However, when a load is applied in the oblique direction, the stress increases. Based on data obtained via digital radiography, which is a digital dental technology, a more precise implantation plan will be established by substituting the data via structural analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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17 pages, 383 KiB  
Article
The Usability of ICTs in People with Visual Disabilities: A Challenge in Spain
by Fiorella Fuentes, Antonia Moreno and Fernando Díez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10782; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191710782 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2040
Abstract
The use of ICTs provides autonomy, equity, and social inclusion to people with visual disabilities. The National Organization of the Spanish Blind (ONCE) offers its 70,462 legally-blind people the necessary resources for the usability of ICTs. Still, most individuals with visual disabilities do [...] Read more.
The use of ICTs provides autonomy, equity, and social inclusion to people with visual disabilities. The National Organization of the Spanish Blind (ONCE) offers its 70,462 legally-blind people the necessary resources for the usability of ICTs. Still, most individuals with visual disabilities do not have a similar support system. This research aims to expose and make visible the importance and need for ICTs usage in this group. The qualitative approach has allowed the modeling of a contextualized inductive process through two heterogeneous discussion groups: eight individuals with legal blindness and six with moderate visual impairment, as well as three in-depth interviews with experts in typhlotechnology, accessibility, and low vision. The following has been verified: there is a lot of misinformation among people with visual disabilities outside the coverage of ONCE; accessibility is still not a priority for companies and institutions when creating and developing products and services with Design for All; the need for more professionals to advise and train users with blindness and low vision is clear. In Spain, there are almost a million visually-impaired people not affiliated with ONCE, for whom access to technical aids and digital literacy is a priority problem in which the Government should intervene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
22 pages, 6754 KiB  
Article
Multilayer Perceptron-Based Real-Time Intradialytic Hypotension Prediction Using Patient Baseline Information and Heart-Rate Variation
by Tae Wuk Bae, Min Seong Kim, Jong Won Park, Kee Koo Kwon and Kyu Hyung Kim
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10373; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191610373 - 20 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2096
Abstract
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common side effect that occurs during hemodialysis and poses a great risk for dialysis patients. Many studies have been conducted so far to predict IDH, but most of these could not be applied in real-time because they used [...] Read more.
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common side effect that occurs during hemodialysis and poses a great risk for dialysis patients. Many studies have been conducted so far to predict IDH, but most of these could not be applied in real-time because they used only underlying patient information or static patient disease information. In this study, we propose a multilayer perceptron (MP)-based IDH prediction model using heart rate (HR) information corresponding to time-series information and static data of patients. This study aimed to validate whether HR differences and HR slope information affect real-time IDH prediction in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clinical data were collected from 80 hemodialysis patients from 9 September to 17 October 2020, in the artificial kidney room at Yeungnam University Medical Center (YUMC), Daegu, South Korea. The patients typically underwent hemodialysis 12 times during this period, 1 to 2 h per session. Therefore, the HR difference and HR slope information within up to 1 h before IDH occurrence were used as time-series input data for the MP model. Among the MP models using the number and data length of different hidden layers, the model using 60 min of data before the occurrence of two layers and IDH showed maximum performance, with an accuracy of 81.5%, a true positive rate of 73.8%, and positive predictive value of 87.3%. This study aimed to predict IDH in real-time by continuously supplying HR information to MP models along with static data such as age, diabetes, hypertension, and ultrafiltration. The current MP model was implemented using relatively limited parameters; however, its performance may be further improved by adding additional parameters in the future, further enabling real-time IDH prediction to play a supporting role for medical staff. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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9 pages, 561 KiB  
Article
Measuring User Engagement with a Socially Connected, Gamified Health Promotion Mobile App
by Becky K. White, Sharyn K. Burns, Roslyn C. Giglia, Satvinder S. Dhaliwal and Jane A. Scott
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5626; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19095626 - 05 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1779
Abstract
Participant engagement is an important consideration in mHealth interventions and there are no standardised measurements available to guide researchers. This paper describes the engagement index customised for the Milk Man app, a mobile app designed to engage fathers with breastfeeding and parenting information. [...] Read more.
Participant engagement is an important consideration in mHealth interventions and there are no standardised measurements available to guide researchers. This paper describes the engagement index customised for the Milk Man app, a mobile app designed to engage fathers with breastfeeding and parenting information. Participants were recruited from maternity hospitals in Perth, Western Australia. An engagement index with scores ranging from 0 to 100 was calculated. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was used to determine difference in duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and Pearson’s chi square analysis was conducted to investigate the association of engagement level with demographic characteristics and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks. While overall, partners of participants who installed Milk Man were less likely to have ceased exclusive breastfeeding at any time point from birth to six weeks postpartum, this result was modest and of borderline significance (log rank test p = 0.052; Breslow p = 0.046; Tarone-Ware p = 0.049). The mean engagement score was 29.7% (range 1–80%), median 27.6%. Engagement level had no impact on duration of exclusive breastfeeding and demographic factors were not associated with engagement level. This research demonstrates a range of metrics that can be used to quantify participant engagement. However, more research is needed to identify ways of measuring effective engagement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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11 pages, 1467 KiB  
Article
Reduced Muscle Activity of the Upper Extremity in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries
by Kyung-Sun Lee, Mobasshira Zaman and Jaejin Hwang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4708; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19084708 - 13 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Compromised physical ability due to musculoskeletal impairment among spinal cord injury (SCI) patients is known to negatively affect their quality of life. It is essential to comprehensively understand the muscle strength of the upper extremity among patients with SCI to enhance muscle function [...] Read more.
Compromised physical ability due to musculoskeletal impairment among spinal cord injury (SCI) patients is known to negatively affect their quality of life. It is essential to comprehensively understand the muscle strength of the upper extremity among patients with SCI to enhance muscle function and capacity to engage in an active lifestyle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the muscle strength of 15 upper extremity muscles among patients with SCI and compare the relative weakness of individual muscles to the control group. Seven male patients with SCI with ASIA impairment scale D and E and 33 males in the control group participated in this study. Each participant performed maximal voluntary contraction of individual muscles, and the electromyography data were recorded. The results showed that the majority of the upper extremity muscles (12 out of 15) showed considerable weakness (24 to 53%) relative to the control group. Furthermore, the relative strength (ranking) of individual muscles among 15 upper extremity muscles was different between patients with SCI and the control group. This information would be useful to the selective strengthening of specific muscles as an intensive rehabilitation effort and prevent overuse and adverse injuries due to excessive muscle training. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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19 pages, 937 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Visualizations on Decoy Effects
by Yuin Jeong, Sangheon Oh, Younah Kang and Sung-Hee Kim
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12674; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182312674 - 01 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2767
Abstract
The decoy effect is a well-known, intriguing decision-making bias that is often exploited by marketing practitioners to steer consumers towards a desired purchase outcome. It demonstrates that an inclusion of an alternative in the choice set can alter one’s preference among the other [...] Read more.
The decoy effect is a well-known, intriguing decision-making bias that is often exploited by marketing practitioners to steer consumers towards a desired purchase outcome. It demonstrates that an inclusion of an alternative in the choice set can alter one’s preference among the other choices. Although this decoy effect has been universally observed in the real world and also studied by many economists and psychologists, little is known about how to mitigate the decoy effect and help consumers make informed decisions. In this study, we conducted two experiments: a quantitative experiment with crowdsourcing and a qualitative interview study—first, the crowdsourcing experiment to see if visual interfaces can help alleviate this cognitive bias. Four types of visualizations, one-sided bar chart, two-sided bar charts, scatterplots, and parallel-coordinate plots, were evaluated with four different types of scenarios. The results demonstrated that the two types of bar charts were effective in decreasing the decoy effect. Second, we conducted a semi-structured interview to gain a deeper understanding of the decision-making strategies while making a choice. We believe that the results have an implication on showing how visualizations can have an impact on the decision-making process in our everyday life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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13 pages, 1699 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Relationship between Electroencephalograms and Subjective Measurements for In-Vehicle Information System: A Preliminary Study
by Nahyeong Kim, Mungyeong Choe, Jaehyun Park, Jungchul Park, Hyun K. Kim, Jungyoon Kim, Muhammad Hussain and Suhwan Jung
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(22), 12173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182212173 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1817
Abstract
In this study, we explored the relationship between objective and subjective measures for usability evaluation in in-vehicle infotainment systems (IVISs). As a case study, four displays were evaluated based on cluster location and display orientation (that is, front–horizontal, front–vertical, right–horizontal, and right–vertical). Thirty-six [...] Read more.
In this study, we explored the relationship between objective and subjective measures for usability evaluation in in-vehicle infotainment systems (IVISs). As a case study, four displays were evaluated based on cluster location and display orientation (that is, front–horizontal, front–vertical, right–horizontal, and right–vertical). Thirty-six participants performed tasks to manipulate the functions of the IVISs and data were collected through an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor and questionnaire items. We analysed a model that estimated EEG-based objective indicators from subjective indicators. As a result, the objective indicators reflected the subjective indicators and were considered to explain the driver’s cognitive state. Although EEG data were collected from only four participants, this study proposed an experimental design that could be applied to the analysis of the relationship between the subject’s evaluation and EEG signals, as a preliminary study. We expect the experimental design and results of this study to be useful in analysing objective and subjective measures of usability evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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9 pages, 669 KiB  
Article
Dark Triad of Personality and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Preliminary Study on the Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out
by Rocco Servidio, Mark D. Griffiths and Zsolt Demetrovics
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8463; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18168463 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4974
Abstract
The present study examined whether the relationship between the Dark Triad (DT) of personality and problematic smartphone use (PSU) can be explained by the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO). The role of FoMO in this relationship has yet to be [...] Read more.
The present study examined whether the relationship between the Dark Triad (DT) of personality and problematic smartphone use (PSU) can be explained by the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO). The role of FoMO in this relationship has yet to be examined. A total of 457 participants completed an online survey. Results indicated that males scored high on measures assessing DT of personality, while females scored high on PSU. Structural equation modelling showed that narcissism was directly associated with PSU. FoMO partially mediated the association between narcissism and PSU. Machiavellianism and narcissism were directly associated with FoMO. In the fully mediated model, narcissism (but not Machiavellianism) was still associated with FoMO, and in turn, FoMO was related to PSU. Although preliminary, the results of the present study indicated that Machiavellianism and narcissism might represent antecedents of FoMO, in addition to the Big Five personality traits, and both could be involved in the development of PSU. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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Review

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11 pages, 390 KiB  
Review
A Systematic Review on Visualizations for Self-Generated Health Data for Daily Activities
by Sung-Hee Kim
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11166; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191811166 - 06 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2180
Abstract
Due to the development of sensing technology people can easily track their health in various ways, and the interest in personal healthcare data is increasing. Individuals are interested in controlling their wellness, which requires self-awareness and an understanding of various health conditions. Self-generated [...] Read more.
Due to the development of sensing technology people can easily track their health in various ways, and the interest in personal healthcare data is increasing. Individuals are interested in controlling their wellness, which requires self-awareness and an understanding of various health conditions. Self-generated health data are easily accessed through mobile devices, and data visualization is commonly used in applications. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand the role of visualizations and learn how to develop effective ones. Thirteen papers were analyzed for types of data, characteristics of visualizations, and effectiveness for healthcare management. The papers were selected because they represented research on personal health data and visualization in a non-clinical setting, and included health data tracked in everyday life. This paper suggests six levels for categorizing the efficacy of visualizations that take into account cognitive and physical changes in users. Recommendations for future work on conducting evaluations are also identified. This work provides a foundation for personal healthcare data as more applications are developed for mobile and wearable devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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21 pages, 2180 KiB  
Review
Empathy in Human–Robot Interaction: Designing for Social Robots
by Sung Park and Mincheol Whang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1889; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031889 - 08 Feb 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6184
Abstract
For a service robot to serve travelers at an airport or for a social robot to live with a human partner at home, it is vital for robots to possess the ability to empathize with human partners and express congruent emotions accordingly. We [...] Read more.
For a service robot to serve travelers at an airport or for a social robot to live with a human partner at home, it is vital for robots to possess the ability to empathize with human partners and express congruent emotions accordingly. We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding empathy in interpersonal, virtual agents, and social robots research with inclusion criteria to analyze empirical studies in a peer-reviewed journal, conference proceeding, or a thesis. Based on the review, we define empathy for human–robot interaction (HRI) as the robot’s (observer) capability and process to recognize the human’s (target) emotional state, thoughts, and situation, and produce affective or cognitive responses to elicit a positive perception of humans. We reviewed all prominent empathy theories and established a conceptual framework that illuminates critical components to consider when designing an empathic robot, including the empathy process, outcome, and the observer and target characteristics. This model is complemented by empirical research involving empathic virtual agents and social robots. We suggest critical factors such as domain dependency, multi-modality, and empathy modulation to consider when designing, engineering, and researching empathic social robots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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9 pages, 627 KiB  
Review
Evaluation of Android and Apple Store Depression Applications Based on Mobile Application Rating Scale
by Jaime Martín-Martín, Antonio Muro-Culebras, Cristina Roldán-Jiménez, Adrian Escriche-Escuder, Irene De-Torres, Manuel González-Sánchez, María Ruiz-Muñoz, Fermín Mayoral-Cleries, Attila Biró, Wen Tang, Borjanka Nikolova, Alfredo Salvatore and Antonio Cuesta-Vargas
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12505; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182312505 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2736
Abstract
There are a large number of mobile applications that allow the monitoring of health status. The quality of the applications is only evaluated by users and not by standard criteria. This study aimed to examine depression-related applications in major mobile application stores and [...] Read more.
There are a large number of mobile applications that allow the monitoring of health status. The quality of the applications is only evaluated by users and not by standard criteria. This study aimed to examine depression-related applications in major mobile application stores and to analyze them using the rating scale tool Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). A search of digital applications for the control of symptoms and behavioral changes in depression was carried out in the two reference mobile operating systems, Apple (App Store) and Android (Play Store), by means of two reviewers with a blind methodology between September and October 2019 in stores from Spain and the United Kingdom. Eighteen applications from the Android Play Store and twelve from the App Store were included in this study. The quality of the applications was evaluated using the MARS scale from 1 (inadequate) to 5 (excellent). The average score of the applications based on the MARS was 3.67 ± 0.53. The sections with the highest scores were “Functionality” (4.51) and “Esthetics” (3.98) and the lowest “Application Subjective quality” (2.86) and “Information” (3.08). Mobile Health applications for the treatment of depression have great potential to influence the health status of users; however, applications come to the digital market without health control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobile Health Interventions)
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