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Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement
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Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2021) | Viewed by 117587

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Lan-Yuen Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
Interests: sports medicine; physical therapy; rehabilitation engineering; biomechanics of human movement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Wen-Lan Wu

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
Interests: biomechanics of human motion; sports medicine; sports biomechanics; rehabilitation engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cheng-Feng Lin

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Interests: Injury mechanisms and injury preventions in dancers; analysis of human movement; sports technique/biomechanics; computer modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Health promotion is an active motivated behavior and is the main concept in the aspect of preventive medicine. Among the scope of health promotion, movement, is a very important element. Better healthy life through persist attending active movement or regular exercise has become a belief for most people. However, different population, i.e. the elders, child, pregnant or menopause women, obesity or clients with chronic disease etc.., have different exercise type or intensity were considered or emphasized or cautioned to get a better result for health and less risk for injury. In addition, how to help the people to prevent injury from exercise is a key issue for them to maintain the exercise behavior as it become a habit.

This Special Issue seeks papers with up to date research on physical rehabilitation and sports medicine of human movement. It will include the application in exercise instruction or injury prevention for different special population to help different kind of people engaging in health promotion habit trough movement in daily life. Especially those paper can consider how to apply or how to acquaint the environment change in the aspect of affecting human movement that have great impact on the public health issue.

Prof. Lan-Yuen Guo
Prof. Wen-Lan Wu
Assoc. Prof. Cheng-Feng Lin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Health promotion
  • Active movement
  • Exercise instruction
  • Injury prevention
  • Preventive medicine
  • Activity of daily life
  • Regular exercise
  • Exercise habit

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Published Papers (24 papers)

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14 pages, 1307 KiB  
Article
Effects of Plyometric and Balance Training on Neuromuscular Control of Recreational Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Laboratory Study
by Pi-Yin Huang, Amornthep Jankaew and Cheng-Feng Lin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5269; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18105269 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 7361
Abstract
Plyometric exercise has been suggested for knee injury prevention in sports participation, but studies on ankle plyometric training are limited. This study aims to investigate the change of joint position sense and neuromuscular activity of the unstable ankle after six-week integrated balance/plyometric training [...] Read more.
Plyometric exercise has been suggested for knee injury prevention in sports participation, but studies on ankle plyometric training are limited. This study aims to investigate the change of joint position sense and neuromuscular activity of the unstable ankle after six-week integrated balance/plyometric training and six-week plyometric training. Thirty recreational athletes with functional ankle instability were allocated into three groups: plyometric group (P) vs. plyometric integrated with balance training group (BP) vs. control group (C). Ankle joint position sense, integrated electromyography (EMG), and balance adjusting time during medial single-leg drop-landing tasks were measured before and after the training period. Following the six-week period, both training groups exhibited a lower absolute error in plantar flexion (P group: pre: 3.79° ± 1.98°, post: 2.20° ± 1.31°, p = 0.016; BP group: pre: 4.10° ± 1.87°, post: 2.94° ± 1.01°, p = 0.045), and the integrated group showed a lower absolute error in inversion angles (pre 2.24° ± 1.44° and post 1.48° ± 0.93°, p = 0.022), and an increased integrated EMG of ankle plantar flexors before landing. The plyometric group exhibited a higher integrated EMG of the tibialis anterior before and after landing (pre: 102.88 ± 20.93, post: 119.29 ± 38.33, p = 0.009 in post-landing) and a shorter adjusting time of the plantar flexor following landing as compared to the pre-training condition (pre: 2.85 ± 1.15 s, post: 1.87 ± 0.97 s, p = 0.006). In conclusion, both programs improved ankle joint position sense and muscle activation of the ankle plantar flexors during single-leg drop landing. The plyometric group showed a reduced adjusting time of the ankle plantar flexor following the impact from drop landing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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11 pages, 1241 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of the Electrophysiological Properties of Neuromuscular Motor Units and Its Adaptive Strategy Response in Lower Extremity Muscles for Seniors with Pre-Sarcopenia: A Preliminary Study
by Chia-Han Hu, Chia-Chi Yang, Shihfan Jack Tu, Ing-Jer Huang, Danaa Ganbat and Lan-Yuen Guo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(6), 3063; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18063063 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3535
Abstract
Older adults with sarcopenia, which is an aging-related phenomenon of muscle mass loss, usually suffer from decreases in both strength and functional performance. However, the causality between function loss and physiological changes is unclear. This study aimed to explore the motor unit characteristics [...] Read more.
Older adults with sarcopenia, which is an aging-related phenomenon of muscle mass loss, usually suffer from decreases in both strength and functional performance. However, the causality between function loss and physiological changes is unclear. This study aimed to explore the motor unit characteristics of the neurological factors between normal subjects and those with sarcopenia. Five risk-sarcopenia (age: 66.20 ± 4.44), five healthy (age: 69.00 ± 2.35), and twelve young (age: 21.33 ± 1.15) participants were selected. Each participant performed knee extension exercises at a 50% level of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Next, electromyogram (EMG) signals were collected, and information on each parameter—e.g., motor unit number, recruitment threshold, the slope of the mean firing rate to recruitment threshold, y-intercept, firing rate per unit force, and mean motor unit firing rate (MFR)—was extracted to analyze muscle fiber discrimination (MFD). Meanwhile, force variance was used to observe the stability between two muscle groups. The results suggested that there was no difference between the three groups for motor unit number, recruitment threshold, y-intercept, mean firing rate, and motor unit discrimination (p > 0.05). However, the slope of MFR and firing rate per unit force in the risk-sarcopenia group were significantly higher than in the young group (p < 0.05). Regarding muscle performance, the force variance in the non-sarcopenia group was significantly higher than the young group (p < 0.05), while the risk-sarcopenia group showed a higher trend than the young group. This study demonstrated some neuromuscular characters between sarcopenia and healthy elderly and young people when performing the same level of leg exercise tasks. This difference may provide some hints for discovering aging-related strength and function loss. Future studies should consider combining the in vivo measurement of muscle fiber type to clarify whether this EMG difference is related to the loss of muscle strength or mass before recruiting symptomatic elderly participants for further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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11 pages, 1676 KiB  
Article
Surface Shape of the Calcaneal Tuberosity and the Occurrence of Retrocalcaneal Bursitis among Runners
by Agnieszka Wnuk-Scardaccione, Ewa Mizia, Klaudia Zawojska, Jan Bilski and Jakub Wojdyła
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(6), 2860; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18062860 - 11 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2730
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the shape of the calcaneal tuberosity (flat, stepped, rounded, normal) and the probability that retrocalcaneal bursitis among people who train running regularly. Methods: The study included a group of 30 runners [...] Read more.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the shape of the calcaneal tuberosity (flat, stepped, rounded, normal) and the probability that retrocalcaneal bursitis among people who train running regularly. Methods: The study included a group of 30 runners who suffered from retrocalcaneal bursitis in the past, and 30 people who never had symptoms of this disease. The study was based on a diagnostic survey, as well as on clinical examination. The surface of the calcaneal tuberosity and the slope of the calcaneus were assessed using X-rays. The mobility of the bursa, its surface size, the thickness of the Achilles tendon and its attachment rate were established during an ultrasound examination. Results: Flat surface of the calcaneal tuberosity increases fourfold the risk of suffering from retrocalcaneal bursitis (OR = 4.3). The people whose calcaneus slope is above 25° are at increased risk of suffering from such an inflammation compared with the people whose calcaneus bone is more horizontal (OR = 2.8). The analysis shows that the thickness of the Achilles tendon (p = 0.001), the surface size of the bursa (p = 0.009), as well as the flat surface of the calcaneal tuberosity (p = 0.008) are strongly associated with the occurrence of retrocalcaneal bursitis. Conclusions: The flat shape of the calcaneal tuberosity increases the risk of bursitis. The risk of inflammation is higher when the Achilles tendon is thicker and the surface of the bursa is smaller than normal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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10 pages, 513 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Walking Backward on a Treadmill on Balance, Speed of Walking and Cardiopulmonary Fitness for Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Study
by Ken-Wei Chang, Chih-Ming Lin, Chen-Wen Yen, Chia-Chi Yang, Toshiaki Tanaka and Lan-Yuen Guo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(5), 2376; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18052376 - 01 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5724
Abstract
This study determines the effect of walking backward on a treadmill on balance, speed of walking and cardiopulmonary fitness for patients with chronic stroke. Subjects with chronic stroke for more than six months, whose level of Brunnstrom stage is greater than IV and [...] Read more.
This study determines the effect of walking backward on a treadmill on balance, speed of walking and cardiopulmonary fitness for patients with chronic stroke. Subjects with chronic stroke for more than six months, whose level of Brunnstrom stage is greater than IV and who are able to walk more than eleven meters with or without assistive devices were recruited. After grouping for a single-blind clinical randomized controlled trial, the subjects were divided into two groups: eight in the control group and eight in the experimental group. All subjects were subjected to 30 min traditional physical therapy, three times a week for four weeks. The experimental group was subjected to an additional 30 min of walking backward on a treadmill. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were used to determine the functional balance and walking ability. The walking speed was evaluated using a timed 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), and the cardiopulmonary fitness was determined using a 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and a pulmonary function test (PFT). All assessments were made at baseline before training commenced (pre-training) and at the end of the four-week training period (post-training). A paired t-test and an independent t-test were used to determine the effect on balance, speed of walking and cardiopulmonary fitness before and after training. The level of significance α was 0.05. After four weeks of training, the experimental group showed significant differences (p < 0.05) on TUG, BBS, 10MWT, 6MWT, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). This pilot study shows that the 30 min of walking backward on a treadmill three times a week for four weeks increased balance, speed of walking and cardiopulmonary fitness. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT02619110. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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15 pages, 2403 KiB  
Article
A New Method for Evaluating Pelvic and Trunk Rotational Pitching Mechanics: From Qualitative to Quantitative Approaches
by Yu-Chuan Lin, Paul Pei-Hsi Chou, Hwai-Ting Lin, Chia-Lung Shih, Cheng-Chang Lu and Fong-Chin Su
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(3), 905; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18030905 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3340
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to build on existing qualitative to quantitative approaches to develop a new quantitative method for evaluating pelvic and trunk rotational pitching mechanics. Thirty pitchers were divided into two groups (“Pattern1”: closed “hip-to-shoulder separation”; “Pattern2”: open “hip-to-shoulder separation”). [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to build on existing qualitative to quantitative approaches to develop a new quantitative method for evaluating pelvic and trunk rotational pitching mechanics. Thirty pitchers were divided into two groups (“Pattern1”: closed “hip-to-shoulder separation”; “Pattern2”: open “hip-to-shoulder separation”). Several parameters were analyzed. Higher ball speeds were found in group of Pattern1, four key characteristics of which were identified. Based on the results, a new evaluation method was developed. Pelvic and trunk rotational mechanics were classified into four types. Type1 (proper mechanics) enabled significantly higher ball speed than the other three types and was thought to involve proper energy transfer from the stride foot to the throwing upper limb. Types 2–4, however, were regarded as “improper mechanics”, which could result in slower ball speeds and less efficient energy transfer. A qualitative approach, based on “expert opinion”, can specify optimal pelvis and trunk rotational mechanics. However, quantitative analysis is more precise in identifying three improper types of pelvis and trunk rotational mechanics. Furthermore, special programs, such as core strengthening and flexibility training, can be developed for various improper practices in order to improve pitching mechanics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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12 pages, 3984 KiB  
Article
The Recovery Benefit on Skin Blood Flow Using Vibrating Foam Rollers for Postexercise Muscle Fatigue in Runners
by Yi-Horng Lai, Ai-Yi Wang, Chia-Chi Yang and Lan-Yuen Guo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(23), 9118; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17239118 - 06 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3174
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of vibrating rollers on skin blood flow after running for recovery from muscle fatigue. Method: 23 healthy runners, aged between 20 to 45 years, participated in a crossover trial. Muscle fatigue was induced by running, and recovery using [...] Read more.
Purpose: To determine the effect of vibrating rollers on skin blood flow after running for recovery from muscle fatigue. Method: 23 healthy runners, aged between 20 to 45 years, participated in a crossover trial. Muscle fatigue was induced by running, and recovery using a vibrating roller was determined before and after the intervention. Each subject was measured at three time points (prerun, postrun, and postroller) to compare skin blood flow perfusion and blood flow oscillation at the midpoint of the dominant gastrocnemius muscle. The results show that blood perfusion is greater when a vibrating roller is used than a foam roller, but there is no statistical difference. The analysis of blood flow oscillation shows that vibrating rollers induce 30% greater endothelial activation than a foam roller. Vibrating rollers significantly stimulate the characteristic frequency for myogenic activation (p < 0.05); however, the effect size is conservative. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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11 pages, 1234 KiB  
Article
Effect of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit on Shoulder in Baseball Pitchers during Fastball Pitching
by Hwai-Ting Lin, Yu-Chuan Lin, You-Li Chou, Hung-Chien Wu, Rong-Tyai Wang and Paul Pei-His Chou
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8211; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17218211 - 06 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2349
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that pitchers with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) may increase the risk of shoulder injury. However, limited information is available regarding the specific effects of GIRD in baseball pitching. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether baseball [...] Read more.
Previous studies have reported that pitchers with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) may increase the risk of shoulder injury. However, limited information is available regarding the specific effects of GIRD in baseball pitching. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether baseball pitchers with GIRD change their pitching mechanism. Fifteen baseball pitchers with GIRD and 15 pitchers without GIRD were recruited from university or senior high-school teams. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (Eagle System, Motion Analysis Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) was used to capture the pitching motion while performing fastball pitches. The kinematics and kinetics of the throwing shoulder and trunk were analyzed based on motion captured data. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to test the differences of the analyzed parameters between two groups. At the instant of ball release, the GIRD group showed lower shoulder external rotation and trunk rotation, and larger shoulder horizontal adduction. In addition, the GIRD group exhibited a significantly larger shoulder inferior force in the cocking and acceleration phase, and a significantly larger internal rotation torque in the acceleration phase. The present results suggested that pitchers with GIRD need stretch training to enlarge joint range of motion, and to improve trunk strength and flexibility to alleviate potential problems associated with pitching in GIRD pitchers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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13 pages, 878 KiB  
Article
Common Running Musculoskeletal Injuries and Associated Factors among Recreational Gorge Marathon Runners: An Investigation from 2013 to 2018 Taroko Gorge Marathons
by Chia-Li Hsu, Chich-Haung Yang, Jen-Hung Wang and Chung-Chao Liang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8101; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17218101 - 03 Nov 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3371
Abstract
Many studies exist on the incidence and related risk factors of running injuries, such as those obtained during marathons. However, in gorge-terrain marathons, an insufficient number of reports exist in the relevant literature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the incidence of musculoskeletal [...] Read more.
Many studies exist on the incidence and related risk factors of running injuries, such as those obtained during marathons. However, in gorge-terrain marathons, an insufficient number of reports exist in the relevant literature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries occurring in participants in the 2013 to 2018 Taroko Gorge Marathons in Taiwan and the distribution of running injuries and related influencing factors. A total of 718 runners who entered the physiotherapy station presented with records of treatment and injuries and filled out a running-related injury and self-training questionnaire for further statistical analysis. The association between risk factors and injury were evaluated by logistic regression. The injured areas on the lower extremities after the gorge marathon were as follows: 28% in the knees, 20% in the posterior calves, 13% in the thighs, 10% in the ankles, and 8% in the feet. The analysis of injury-related risk factors showed that male athletes demonstrated a higher risk of thigh injury than female athletes (OR = 2.42, p = 0.002). Underweight runners exhibited a higher risk of thigh injury (OR = 3.35, p = 0.006). We conclude that in the gorge marathon the rates of knee, calf, thigh, and foot injuries are significantly increased. Medical professionals, coaches, and runners may use the findings of this study to reduce the potential risk of running injuries in marathons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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12 pages, 375 KiB  
Article
Reference Values for Isometric, Dynamic, and Asymmetry Leg Extension Strength in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
by Kora Portilla-Cueto, Carlos Medina-Pérez, Ena Monserrat Romero-Pérez, José Aldo Hernández-Murúa, Claudia Eliza Patrocinio de Oliveira, Fernanda de Souza-Teixeira, Jerónimo J González-Bernal, Carolina Vila-Chã and José Antonio de Paz
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8083; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17218083 - 02 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
Having recognized the value of resistance training in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), there are a lack of lower limb normative reference values for one repetition maximum (1RM) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in this population. Hence, the purposes of this study [...] Read more.
Having recognized the value of resistance training in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), there are a lack of lower limb normative reference values for one repetition maximum (1RM) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in this population. Hence, the purposes of this study were to provide reference values for 1RM and MVIC of knee extensors in PwMS across the disability spectrum and to examine knee extension strength asymmetry. Three hundred and ninety PwMS participated in the study, performing MVIC and 1RM tests of bilateral (both legs together at once) and unilateral (each leg singly) knee extensors. There was no difference in 1RM according to the disease course of MS, but there was according to the degree of neurological disability, being more preserved in those with a lower degree of disability. MVIC tends to be higher in patients with relapsing–remitting MS respect those with progressive MS, and in patients with lower levels of neurological disability. Asymmetry above the values considered normal in 1RM was present in 20–60% of patients and 56–79% in the MVIC test, depending on the type of MS and tended to be lower in those with less disability. Reference values are given by quartiles for 1RM, MVIC, and asymmetry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
13 pages, 1113 KiB  
Article
Explosive Quadriceps Strength and Landing Mechanics in Females with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
by Yu-Lun Huang, Eunwook Chang, Samuel T. Johnson, Christine D. Pollard, Mark A. Hoffman and Marc F. Norcross
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(20), 7431; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17207431 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2138
Abstract
Lower explosive quadriceps strength, quantified as rate of torque development (RTD), may contribute to landing mechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. However, the association between quadriceps RTD and landing mechanics during high demand tasks remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated [...] Read more.
Lower explosive quadriceps strength, quantified as rate of torque development (RTD), may contribute to landing mechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. However, the association between quadriceps RTD and landing mechanics during high demand tasks remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of quadriceps RTD on sagittal plane landing mechanics during double-leg jump landings (DLJL) and single-leg jump cuts (SLJC) in females with and without ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Quadriceps RTD was measured during isometric muscle contractions. Landing mechanics were collected during DLJL and SLJC tasks. Separate stepwise multiple linear regression models determined the amount of variance in sagittal plane landing mechanics that could be explained by quadriceps RTD, group (ACLR or Control), and their interaction. The results indicate that greater quadriceps RTD is associated with lower loading rate (p = 0.02) and longer time to peak vertical ground reaction force (p = 0.001) during SLJC, regardless of ACLR status. As greater loading rate may lead to higher risk of ACL injuries and post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis post-ACLR, explosive muscle strength interventions might be useful for individuals with and without ACLR to facilitate the use of safer landing mechanics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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10 pages, 2794 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Intrinsic Foot Muscle Activities between Therapeutic and Three-Dimensional Foot-Ankle Exercises in Healthy Adults: An Explanatory Study
by Du-Jin Park and Young-In Hwang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(19), 7189; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197189 - 01 Oct 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4265
Abstract
Background: In recent years, a three-dimensional ankle exercise has been proposed as a practice for strengthening the intrinsic foot muscles, however this topic still requires further research. This study aimed to compare the activities of the intrinsic muscles in healthy participants during 3D [...] Read more.
Background: In recent years, a three-dimensional ankle exercise has been proposed as a practice for strengthening the intrinsic foot muscles, however this topic still requires further research. This study aimed to compare the activities of the intrinsic muscles in healthy participants during 3D foot–ankle exercises, namely, short foot (SF), and toe spread out (TSO). Methods: Prior to the experiment, 16 healthy adults were trained on how to perform SF, TSO, and 3D foot–ankle exercises for an hour. Once all participants passed the foot–ankle exercise performance test, we randomly measured the activity of the intrinsic foot muscles using electromyography while the patients were performing foot–ankle exercises. Results: The abductor hallucis (AbH), extensor hallucis longus (EHL), and flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) activities showed significant differences among the exercises for intrinsic foot muscle strengthening (p < 0.01). Additionally, the AbH/AdH (adductor hallucis) ratio showed significant differences among the exercises for strengthening the intrinsic foot muscles (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results showed that the 3D extension exercise is as effective as the therapeutic exercise in terms of the AbH and FHB activities, and the AbH/AdH ratio. On the contrary, the 3D flexion exercise showed superiority in terms of the EHL activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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13 pages, 767 KiB  
Article
Is Fear of Harm (FoH) in Sports-Related Activities a Latent Trait? The Item Response Model Applied to the Photographic Series of Sports Activities for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture (PHOSA-ACLR)
by Wim van Lankveld, Ron J. Pat-El, Nicky van Melick, Robert van Cingel and J. Bart Staal
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6764; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17186764 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3084
Abstract
Background: Fear of Harm (FoH) predicts return to sports in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) and can be assessed using the Photographic Sports Activities for ACLR (PHOSA-ACLR). This study was conducted to determine whether FoH assessed using the PHOSA-ACLR is a latent [...] Read more.
Background: Fear of Harm (FoH) predicts return to sports in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) and can be assessed using the Photographic Sports Activities for ACLR (PHOSA-ACLR). This study was conducted to determine whether FoH assessed using the PHOSA-ACLR is a latent trait, and to analyze differences in PHOSA-ACLR in athletes with or without an ACL rupture. Methods: Three convenience samples completed the PHOSA-ACLR: (1) ACLR patients (n = 58; mean age 25.9 years; range 17–56; SD = 8.2; 43% male); (2) first year Physical Therapy (PT) students (n = 169; mean age = 19.2; SD = 2.0; 48% male), and (3) junior football players (n = 30; mean age = 18.3; range 17–20; SD = 3.2; 94% males). ACLR patients additionally reported functioning and Fear of Movement. PHOSA-ACLR items were analyzed with Item Response Theory using the Graded Response Model (GRM). Differences between three groups of participants were analyzed using Univariate Analysis of Variance. Results: Data fitted the two-parameter GRM, and therefore the items of the PHOSA-ACLR constitute a latent trait. There was a significant difference between the three groups in PHOSA-ACLR after controlling for age and gender (F (2, 255) = 17.1, p < 0.001). PT students reported higher levels of FoH compared to either ACLR patients or healthy soccer players. Conclusions: PHOSA-ACLR items constitute a latent trait of FoH for ACLR-specific movements. Contrary to expectations, PHOSA-ACLR is higher in first year physiotherapy students compared to patients rehabilitating from ACLR, and healthy junior soccer players. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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19 pages, 3445 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Robotic Rehabilitation on the Motor System in Neurological Diseases. A Multimodal Neurophysiological Approach
by Zoltán Zsigmond Major, Calin Vaida, Kinga Andrea Major, Paul Tucan, Gábor Simori, Alexandru Banica, Emanuela Brusturean, Alin Burz, Raul Craciunas, Ionut Ulinici, Giuseppe Carbone, Bogdan Gherman, Iosif Birlescu and Doina Pisla
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6557; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17186557 - 09 Sep 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3337
Abstract
Motor disability is a key feature of many neurological diseases, influencing the social roles of affected patients and their ability to perform daily life activities. Current rehabilitation capacities are overwhelmed by the age-related increase of motor dysfunctions seen, for example, in stroke, extrapyramidal [...] Read more.
Motor disability is a key feature of many neurological diseases, influencing the social roles of affected patients and their ability to perform daily life activities. Current rehabilitation capacities are overwhelmed by the age-related increase of motor dysfunctions seen, for example, in stroke, extrapyramidal or neuromuscular diseases. As the patient to rehabilitation personnel ration increases, robotic solutions might establish the possibility to rapidly satisfy the increasing demand for rehabilitation. This paper presents an inaugural exploratory study which investigates the interchangeability of a novel experimental robotic rehabilitation device system with classical physical therapy, using a multimodal neurophysiological assessment of the motor system—quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG), motor conduction times and turn/amplitude analysis. Preliminary results show no significant difference between the two methods; however, a significant effect of the therapy was found on different pathologies (beneficial for vascular and extrapyramidal, or limited, and only on preventing reduction of joint movements in neuromuscular). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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12 pages, 932 KiB  
Article
Beneficial Effects of Interactive Physical-Cognitive Game-Based Training on Fall Risk and Cognitive Performance of Older Adults
by Kochaphan Phirom, Teerawat Kamnardsiri and Somporn Sungkarat
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(17), 6079; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17176079 - 21 Aug 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5870
Abstract
Physical and cognitive declines are significant risk factors for falls. Promising evidence suggests that combined physical-cognitive training would be an effective fall risk reduction and cognitive improvement intervention. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted and findings have been inconclusive. This [...] Read more.
Physical and cognitive declines are significant risk factors for falls. Promising evidence suggests that combined physical-cognitive training would be an effective fall risk reduction and cognitive improvement intervention. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted and findings have been inconclusive. This study investigated the effects of interactive physical-cognitive game-based training on the fall risk and cognitive performance of older adults. Forty participants were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. Participants in the intervention group performed a 1 h session, 3 times a week for 12 weeks of the interactive physical-cognitive game-based training program. Fall risk (Physiological Profile Assessment, PPA; and Timed Up and Go, TUG) and cognitive outcome (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Thirty-nine participants (mean age = 69.81 ± 3.78 years) completed the study (97.5%). At the end of the trial, participants in the intervention group demonstrated significant improvement in the PPA fall risk score (p = 0.015), postural sway (p = 0.005), MoCA score (p = 0.001), and TUG-dual task (p = 0.045) compared to controls. In conclusion, the interactive physical-cognitive, game-based training was effective in reducing physiological fall risk and improving cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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9 pages, 834 KiB  
Article
Will the Foot Strike Pattern Change at Different Running Speeds with or without Wearing Shoes?
by Ying-Jen Lai, Willy Chou, I-Hua Chu, Yu-Lin Wang, Yi-Jing Lin, Shihfan Jack Tu and Lan-Yuen Guo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(17), 6044; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17176044 - 20 Aug 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3910
Abstract
Runners strike their feet with three different patterns during running: forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot. This study aimed to investigate whether runners maintain consistent patterns while running speed and foot condition change. The foot strike patterns of runners when running on a treadmill at [...] Read more.
Runners strike their feet with three different patterns during running: forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot. This study aimed to investigate whether runners maintain consistent patterns while running speed and foot condition change. The foot strike patterns of runners when running on a treadmill at paces ranging from slow to fast were recorded from twenty healthy male regular runners, with and without shoes, in random order. A high-speed camera was used to observe the strike patterns, which were then categorized by an experienced physical therapist. Linear-log and Pearson chi-square analysis with a significance level of α = 0.05 was performed to examine the correlation between foot strike pattern, running speed, and shoe conditions. The results suggest that runners strike with different patterns when running with and without shoes (χ2 = 99.07, p < 0.01); runners preferred to adopt heel strike regardless of running speeds when running with shoes. While running barefoot, only 23.8% of landing strikes were rearfoot, and the strike pattern distribution did not change significantly with the running speed (χ2 = 2.26, p = 0.89). In summary, the foot strike preference of runners is correlated with the foot condition (barefoot or shod) rather than running speed. For runners who intend to change their strike patterns for any reason, we recommend that they consider adjusting their footwear, which may naturally help with the foot strike adjustment. Future studies should attempt to use advanced techniques to observe further foot biomechanics in order to discover if changing strike pattern is directly correlated with lower limb injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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18 pages, 3302 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Resistance Training with the Use of a Suspension System in Patients after Myocardial Infarction
by Agata Nowak, Michał Morawiec, Tomasz Gabrys, Zbigniew Nowak, Urszula Szmatlan-Gabryś and Vaclav Salcman
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(15), 5419; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17155419 - 28 Jul 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2678
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of resistance training with the use of a suspension system on exercise tolerance, evaluated through an exercise test, and the changes in selected echocardiographic parameters of patients after myocardial infarction. The study involved [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of resistance training with the use of a suspension system on exercise tolerance, evaluated through an exercise test, and the changes in selected echocardiographic parameters of patients after myocardial infarction. The study involved 44 males. The subjects were divided into two groups: Standard (20) and Suspension system (24). All the subjects had undergone an angioplasty with stent implantation. The standard and suspension system groups carried out a 24-day improvement program comprising 22 training units. Each session consisted of endurance, general stamina and resistance training. Instead of resistance training, the experimental group made multijoint exercises with a suspension system. Statistically significant changes in both groups were observed in the parameters of the echocardiographic exercise test, such as test duration (p = 0.000), distance covered (p = 0.000), MET (p = 0.000), VO2max (p = 0.000) and SBPrest (p = 0.013). Additionally, SBPmax in the suspension system group improved (p = 0.035). The echocardiographic test revealed significant improvement of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in both groups (SP group p = 0.001, standard group p = 0.005). The lipid profile test in the SP group revealed statistically significant improvement of TC (p = 0.003), HDL (p = 0.000) and LDL (p = 0.005). Training with the suspension system had a positive effect on the change of exercise tolerance level, left ventricular function and blood lipid profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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11 pages, 2240 KiB  
Article
Effects of a Gluteal Muscles Specific Exercise Program on the Vertical Jump
by Tomás Gallego-Izquierdo, Gerardo Vidal-Aragón, Pedro Calderón-Corrales, Álvaro Acuña, Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Antonio Martínez-Amat and Daniel Pecos-Martín
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(15), 5383; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17155383 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3052
Abstract
The vertical jump is a complex movement where many factors are involved in the final result. Currently, how a specific exercise program for gluteal muscles can affect the vertical jump is unknown. So, the aim of this study was to examine the effect [...] Read more.
The vertical jump is a complex movement where many factors are involved in the final result. Currently, how a specific exercise program for gluteal muscles can affect the vertical jump is unknown. So, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of a specific exercise program for the gluteal muscles on a vertical jump. Forty-nine amateur athletes completed an 8-week program. The experimental group received a specific gluteal muscle training program in addition to their regular training routine, whereas the control group received their regular training routine. Jump height, flight time, speed and power were assessed (baseline, postintervention, and 4-week follow-up). Repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted with ∝ ≤ 0.05. We calculated Eta squared effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals. Measurements at 8 weeks revealed significant increases in the experimental group compared to the control group for the values: jump height (p < 0.05) (experimental group = 17.15%; control group = 3.09%), flight time (p < 0.001) (experimental group = 7.98%; control group = 3.52%), speed (p < 0.01) (experimental group = 1.96%; control group = 1.83%) and power (p < 0.05) (experimental group = 4.43%; control group = 0.32%). However, at follow-up, these changes were not maintained. These data suggest that this specific training protocol for the gluteal muscles is effective in order to improve vertical jump performance in amateur athletes who use the vertical jump in their routine training habits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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11 pages, 1419 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Ankle Supports on the Single-Leg Lateral Drop Landing Following Muscle Fatigue in Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability
by Cheng-Chieh Lin, Shing-Jye Chen, Wan-Chin Lee and Cheng-Feng Lin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3438; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17103438 - 14 May 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4771
Abstract
Background: Ankle support has been utilized for athletes with functional ankle instability (FAI), however, its effect on the landing performance during muscle fatigue is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the effects of ankle supports (ankle brace vs. Kinesio tape) on [...] Read more.
Background: Ankle support has been utilized for athletes with functional ankle instability (FAI), however, its effect on the landing performance during muscle fatigue is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the effects of ankle supports (ankle brace vs. Kinesio tape) on athletes with FAI following fatigued single-leg landing. Methods: Thirty-three young FAI athletes (CAIT scores < 24) were randomly allocated to control (Cn), ankle brace (AB) and Kinesio tape (KT) groups. All athletes performed single-leg lateral drop landings following ankle fatigue protocol. The fatigue-induced changes in kinetic parameters were measured among three groups. Results: A significant increase in peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) was found in the AB group (0.12% body weight (BW)) compared to that of the KT (0.02% BW) and Cn (median = 0.01% BW) groups. Significant decrease in both COP medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) ranges were also found in the KT group (median = −0.15% foot width (FW) & median = −0.28% foot length (FL)) than those of the Cn group (median = 0.67% FW& median = 0.88% FL). Conclusions: Ankle braces might hamper the ability to absorb the impact force during landing. On the other hand, Kinesio tape might be beneficial for the postural control during landing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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9 pages, 1304 KiB  
Article
A Visual Scan Analysis Protocol for Postural Assessment at School in Young Students
by Maria E. Alves, Daniel A. Marinho, Duarte N. Carneiro, Jorge Alves, Pedro Forte, Alan M. Nevill and Jorge E. Morais
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2915; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17082915 - 23 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3426
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the X-ray diagnosis with a non-invasive method for spine alignment assessment adopting a visual scan analysis with a plumb line and simetograph in middle-school students. The sample of this study was composed of 31 males [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare the X-ray diagnosis with a non-invasive method for spine alignment assessment adopting a visual scan analysis with a plumb line and simetograph in middle-school students. The sample of this study was composed of 31 males and 50 females with an average age of 14.23 (± 3.11) years. The visual scan analysis was assessed at a school; whereas, the X-ray was performed in a hospital. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess the differences between methods and scoliosis classifications (non-accentuated <10º and scoliosis >10º), and the Kappa was used to assess the agreement between methods. The comparisons between the methods revealed non-significant differences (z = −0.577; p = 0.564), with almost perfect agreement between tests (K = 0.821; p < 0.001). Moreover, no statistical significance was observed between methods by the scoliosis classification (z = −1.000; p = 0.317), with almost perfect agreement between tests (K = 0.888; p < 0.001). This research supports the conclusion that there are no significant differences between the two methods. Therefore, it should be highlighted that this field test should be used by physical education teachers in their classes, or in a school context, in order to determine misalignments or scoliosis prevalence among middle-school students. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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14 pages, 1716 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of Motor Unit Control Strategies between Two Different Isometric Tasks
by Sunggun Jeon, William M. Miller and Xin Ye
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2799; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17082799 - 18 Apr 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2323
Abstract
Background: This study examined the motor unit (MU) control strategies for non-fatiguing isometric elbow flexion tasks at 40% and 70% maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Methods: Nineteen healthy individuals performed two submaximal tasks with similar torque levels: contracting against an immovable object (force task), [...] Read more.
Background: This study examined the motor unit (MU) control strategies for non-fatiguing isometric elbow flexion tasks at 40% and 70% maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Methods: Nineteen healthy individuals performed two submaximal tasks with similar torque levels: contracting against an immovable object (force task), and maintaining the elbow joint angle against an external load (position task). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected from the agonist and antagonist muscles. The signals from the agonist were decomposed into individual action potential trains. The linear regression analysis was used to examine the MU recruitment threshold (RT) versus mean firing rates (MFR), and RT versus derecruitment threshold (DT) relationships. Results: Both agonist and antagonist muscles’ EMG amplitudes did not differ between two tasks. The linear slopes of the MU RT versus MFR and RT versus DT relationships during the position task were more negative (p = 0.010) and more positive (p = 0.023), respectively, when compared to the force task. Conclusions: To produce a similar force output, the position task may rely less on the recruitment of relatively high-threshold MUs. Additionally, as the force output decreases, MUs tend to derecruit at a higher force level during the position task. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

25 pages, 2919 KiB  
Review
Use of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Sports-Related Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Review of Case Reports
by Ji-Won Lee, Jun-Hwan Lee and Song-Yi Kim
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8226; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17218226 - 06 Nov 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 7734
Abstract
Acupuncture is one of the representative complementary and alternative medicine treatments used for various types of pain. This systematic review summarized and analyzed clinical case reports/series utilizing acupuncture for treating sports injuries in athletes, thereby providing the basis for further research to establish [...] Read more.
Acupuncture is one of the representative complementary and alternative medicine treatments used for various types of pain. This systematic review summarized and analyzed clinical case reports/series utilizing acupuncture for treating sports injuries in athletes, thereby providing the basis for further research to establish clinical evidence on acupuncture treatment in sports medicine. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Embase including MEDLINE up to 21 August 2019 without language and publication date restrictions. Due to the heterogeneity of each study, explanatory and descriptive analyses were performed. As a result, in each case report/series, it was confirmed that acupuncture was applied for treating various types of sports injuries experienced by athletes. Acupuncture can help relieve short-term pain and recover from dysfunction and has been used as a useful, noninvasive, and conservative modality for managing sports injuries such as lateral meniscus rupture, femoral acetabular impingement, ganglion cysts, and sports hernia. In addition, acupuncture has been suggested as a treatment worth trying for diseases such as yips and delayed onset muscle soreness. The included cases showed some potential of acupuncture in the treatment of various types of sports injuries, beyond pain control in musculoskeletal disorders. However, considering that this review was based on case reports/series, a limited understanding of the clinical value of acupuncture in athletes is required. In the future, more specific research questions and hypotheses should be addressed to generate evidence based on experimental research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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17 pages, 4615 KiB  
Review
Dynamic Knee Valgus in Single-Leg Movement Tasks. Potentially Modifiable Factors and Exercise Training Options. A Literature Review
by Bartosz Wilczyński, Katarzyna Zorena and Daniel Ślęzak
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8208; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17218208 - 06 Nov 2020
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 19817
Abstract
Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) as an incorrect movement pattern is recognized as a risk factor for lower limb injuries. Therefore, it is important to find the reasons behind this movement to select effective preventive procedures. There is a limited number of publications focusing [...] Read more.
Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) as an incorrect movement pattern is recognized as a risk factor for lower limb injuries. Therefore, it is important to find the reasons behind this movement to select effective preventive procedures. There is a limited number of publications focusing on specific tasks, separating the double-leg from the single-leg tasks. Test patterns commonly used for DKV assessment, such as single-leg squat (SLS) or single leg landings (SLL), may show different results. The current review presents the modifiable factors of knee valgus in squat and landing single-leg tests in healthy people, as well as exercise training options. The authors used the available literature from PubMed, Scopus, PEDro and clinicaltrials.gov databases, and reviewed physiotherapy journals and books. For the purpose of the review, studies were searched for using 2D or 3D motion analysis methods only in the SLL and SLS tasks among healthy active people. Strengthening and activating gluteal muscles, improving trunk lateral flexion strength, increasing ROM dorsiflexion ankle and midfoot mobility should be taken into account when planning training programs aimed at reducing DKV occurring in SLS. In addition, knee valgus during SLL may occur due to decreased hip abductors, extensors, external rotators strength and higher midfoot mobility. Evidence from several studies supports the addition of biofeedback training exercises to reduce the angles of DKV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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13 pages, 1129 KiB  
Review
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Novice and Recreational Runners: A Systematic Review
by Claudia Menéndez, Lucía Batalla, Alba Prieto, Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Irene Crespo and Hugo Olmedillas
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(20), 7457; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17207457 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 11036
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates the existing literature about medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) in novice and recreational runners. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases were searched until July 2020. Studies covering risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment methods and time [...] Read more.
This systematic review evaluates the existing literature about medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) in novice and recreational runners. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases were searched until July 2020. Studies covering risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment methods and time to recovery of MTSS in novice and recreational runners were selected. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. The risk factors of MTSS are mainly intrinsic and include higher pelvic tilt in the frontal plane, peak internal rotation of the hip, navicular drop and foot pronation, among others. Computed tomography (CT) and pressure algometry may be valid instruments to corroborate the presence of this injury and confirm the diagnosis. Regarding treatment procedures, arch-support foot orthoses are able to increase contact time, normalize foot pressure distribution and similarly to shockwave therapy, reduce pain. However, it is important to take into account the biases and poor methodological quality of the included studies, more research is needed to confirm these results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

11 pages, 2151 KiB  
Case Report
Development Issues of Healthcare Robots: Compassionate Communication for Older Adults with Dementia
by Tetsuya Tanioka, Tomoya Yokotani, Ryuichi Tanioka, Feni Betriana, Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Rozzano Locsin, Yueren Zhao, Kyoko Osaka, Misao Miyagawa and Savina Schoenhofer
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 4538; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18094538 - 24 Apr 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4874
Abstract
Although progress is being made in affective computing, issues remain in enabling the effective expression of compassionate communication by healthcare robots. Identifying, describing and reconciling these concerns are important in order to provide quality contemporary healthcare for older adults with dementia. The purpose [...] Read more.
Although progress is being made in affective computing, issues remain in enabling the effective expression of compassionate communication by healthcare robots. Identifying, describing and reconciling these concerns are important in order to provide quality contemporary healthcare for older adults with dementia. The purpose of this case study was to explore the development issues of healthcare robots in expressing compassionate communication for older adults with dementia. An exploratory descriptive case study was conducted with the Pepper robot and older adults with dementia using high-tech digital cameras to document significant communication proceedings that occurred during the activities. Data were collected in December 2020. The application program for an intentional conversation using Pepper was jointly developed by Tanioka’s team and the Xing Company, allowing Pepper’s words and head movements to be remotely controlled. The analysis of the results revealed four development issues, namely, (1) accurate sensing behavior for “listening” to voices appropriately and accurately interacting with subjects; (2) inefficiency in “listening” and “gaze” activities; (3) fidelity of behavioral responses; and (4) deficiency in natural language processing AI development, i.e., the ability to respond actively to situations that were not pre-programmed by the developer. Conversational engagements between the Pepper robot and patients with dementia illustrated a practical usage of technologies with artificial intelligence and natural language processing. The development issues found in this study require reconciliation in order to enhance the potential for healthcare robot engagement in compassionate communication in the care of older adults with dementia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of Human Movement)
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