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New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
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New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 50346

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Domenico Di Raimondo

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Guest Editor
Division of Internal Medicine and Stroke Care, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
Interests: COPD; hypertension; heart failure; multimorbidity; vascular medicine; lifestyle changes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Salvatore Santo Signorelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania (I), Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy
2. Director of Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital "G.Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, Italy
Interests: peripheral arterial disease; carotid diseases; venous disease; vascular-related chronic disease; inflammation; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are amongst the top 10 leading causes of death and disability in the world. Nevertheless, in recent decades the age-adjusted mortality from CVD have declined remarkably, while the number of subjects affected by the main cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia) have increased rapidly. With these alarming numbers, new advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of main cardiovascular conditions have been necessary. It is important to recognize that with significant progress in therapeutic modalities for the management of CVD during the last several decades, the prevention of atherosclerosis and its consequences have been improved. Additionally, novel device-based therapies contribute to a decline in cardiac morbidity and mortality, but it is clear that future efforts directed towards containing the ongoing epidemic of CVD will also need to focus on preventive measures aimed at reducing the burden of pivotal risk factors in the general population. Hope exists that comprehensive lifestyle changes, increasing acknowledgment of the beneficial role of regular physical activity, early risk-factor screening, and more efficacious drugs will strikingly reduce CVD in the future.

This Special Issue seeks papers that help us to better understand and expand our knowledge regarding the prevalence of CVD risk factors, on development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies of the CVD, and on the pathophysiology of the underlying processes involved. We also welcome high-quality systematic reviews related to these matters. I would be very happy if this Special Issue stimulated readers to use these newer approaches and treatments in their patients with the goal of reducing the risk of future CVD events and improving outcomes.

Prof. Domenico Di Raimondo
Prof. Salvatore Santo Signorelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Physical activity
  • Arterial hypertension
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Obesity
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Emerging risk factors
  • Cardiovascular therapy

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

7 pages, 312 KiB  
Editorial
New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
by Domenico Di Raimondo, Gaia Musiari, Giuliana Rizzo, Edoardo Pirera and Salvatore Santo Signorelli
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2475; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19042475 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1871
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries in Europe although considerable efforts have been made in recent decades to address this disease in an even more “comprehensive” approach [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

18 pages, 1642 KiB  
Article
Cardiometabolic Health Status, Ethnicity and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) Disparities in an Adult Population: NutrIMDEA Observational Web-Based Study
by Rosa Ribot-Rodriguez, Andrea Higuera-Gomez, Rodrigo San-Cristobal, Roberto Martín-Hernández, Víctor Micó, Isabel Espinosa-Salinas, Ana Ramírez de Molina and J. Alfredo Martínez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2948; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19052948 - 03 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2109
Abstract
Precision public health supported on online tools is increasingly emerging as a potential strategy to achieve health promotion and disease prevention. Our aim was to assess the relationships of sociodemographic variables, anthropometric data, dietary habits and lifestyle factors with health-related quality of life [...] Read more.
Precision public health supported on online tools is increasingly emerging as a potential strategy to achieve health promotion and disease prevention. Our aim was to assess the relationships of sociodemographic variables, anthropometric data, dietary habits and lifestyle factors with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cardiometabolic health status and ethnicity in an online recruited adult population (NutrIMDEA Study). NutrIMDEA Study is a web-based cross-sectional survey that included 17,333 adults. Self-reported sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data, clinical and family history of cardiometabolic illnesses, dietary habits, lifestyle factors and HRQoL features were collected. Diseased individuals showed significative poorer MedDiet and worse HRQoL than those in the healthy cardiometabolic status group (p < 0.05). In comparison, European/Caucasian individuals reported a significantly better HRQoL, higher MedDiet and HRQoL values compared with those of other ethnicities (p < 0.05). We obtained a total of 16.8% who reported poor/fair, 56.5% good and 26.6% very good/excellent HRQoL. Respondents with very good/excellent HRQoL showed lower BMI, greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and higher physical activity. The results suggest the presence of interactions between the mental and physical components of HRQoL with obesity, sedentarism and dietary intake, which were dependent on disease status and ethnicity. Online HRQoL assessment could contribute to wider implementation of precision public health strategies to promote health targeted interventions with policy implications to community health promotion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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12 pages, 481 KiB  
Article
The Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients
by Kiduk Kim, Kyoonho Kang, Hyewon Sheol, Jihae Shin, Youngseo Sim, Taehoon Yang, Jeongwon Hwang and Ju-Mi Lee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1042; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19031042 - 18 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2152
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels are risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, previous studies have suggested that high SUA levels increase the risk of having NAFLD. However, no study has investigated the relationship between SUA [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels are risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, previous studies have suggested that high SUA levels increase the risk of having NAFLD. However, no study has investigated the relationship between SUA and CVD risk in NAFLD. This study analyzed the relationship between SUA and CVD in NAFLD. Data for this study used the 2016–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which represents the Korean population. A total of 11,160 NAFLD patients were included. Participants with hepatic steatosis index ≥ 30 were considered to have NAFLD. Ten-year CVD risk was estimated using an integer-based Framingham risk score. Estimated 10-year CVD risk ≥ 20% was considered high risk. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) associated with SUA level and CVD risk. High CVD risk OR increases by 1.31 (95% CI 1.26–1.37) times per 1 mg/dL of SUA. After adjustment, SUA still had an increased risk (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.38–1.51) of CVD. Compared with the lowest SUA quartile group, the highest quartile group showed a significantly higher risk of having CVD before (OR 2.76; 95% CI 2.34–3.25) and after (OR 4.01; 95% CI 3.37–4.78) adjustment. SUA is independently associated with CVS risk in NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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19 pages, 3758 KiB  
Article
Examining Predictors of Myocardial Infarction
by Diane Dolezel, Alexander McLeod and Larry Fulton
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11284; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182111284 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3468
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States. This study analyzed predictors of myocardial infarction (MI) for those aged 35 and older based on demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, behavioral, and risk factors, as well as access to healthcare variables using [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States. This study analyzed predictors of myocardial infarction (MI) for those aged 35 and older based on demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, behavioral, and risk factors, as well as access to healthcare variables using the Center for Disease (CDC) Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey for the year 2019. Multiple quasibinomial models were generated on an 80% training set hierarchically and then used to forecast the 20% test set. The final training model proved somewhat capable of prediction with a weighted F1-Score = 0.898. A complete model based on statistically significant variables using the entirety of the dataset was compared to the same model built on the training set. Models demonstrated coefficient stability. Similar to previous studies, age, gender, marital status, veteran status, income, home ownership, employment status, and education level were important demographic and socioeconomic predictors. The only geographic variable that remained in the model was associated with the West North Central Census Division (in-creased risk). Statistically important behavioral and risk factors as well as comorbidities included health status, smoking, alcohol consumption frequency, cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), kidney disease, and arthritis. Three access to healthcare variables proved statistically significant: lack of a primary care provider (Odds Ratio, OR = 0.853, p < 0.001), cost considerations prevented some care (OR = 1.232, p < 0.001), and lack of an annual checkup (OR = 0.807, p < 0.001). The directionality of these odds ratios is congruent with a marginal effects model and implies that those without MI are more likely not to have a primary provider or annual checkup, but those with MI are more likely to have missed care due to the cost of that care. Cost of healthcare for MI patients is associated with not receiving care after accounting for all other variables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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11 pages, 330 KiB  
Article
Pre-Hypertension and Its Determinants in Healthy Young Adults: Analysis of Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII
by Insil Jang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9144; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18179144 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2340
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors in the normotensive and pre-hypertensive group based on the blood pressure results of healthy young adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018. The participants were 2225 healthy young [...] Read more.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors in the normotensive and pre-hypertensive group based on the blood pressure results of healthy young adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018. The participants were 2225 healthy young adults between the ages of 19 and under 45, excluding those with a diagnosis of hypertension or taking antihypertensive medications. Of the 2225 participants, the normotensive group was 1498 (67.3%) and the pre-hypertensive group 727 (32.7%). Determinants of pre-hypertension were analyzed using multiple logistic regression based on a complex sample design. Factors related to pre-hypertension in young adults were age, smoking, waist circumference, diabetes, anemia, cholesterol levels including HDL cholesterol, and uric acid levels. Pre-hypertension is a pre-stage that can prevent the morbidity of hypertension through lifestyle control, so its management is very important. Furthermore, a young adult is a stage in the growth and development of human beings, in which lifestyles such as healthy behaviors, eating habits, and exercise are fixed. Therefore, it is very important to improve lifestyles such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation and to control risk factors in young adults who are at the pre-hypertension stage for health promotion. Continuous health examinations should be conducted for young adults, and education that can be practiced based on clinical data through this should be implemented for community health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
10 pages, 363 KiB  
Article
Gender Difference in the Relationships between Inflammatory Markers, Serum Uric Acid and Framingham Risk Score
by Jui-Hua Huang, Ren-Hau Li, Shu-Ling Huang, Hon-Ke Sia, Chao-Hung Yu and Feng-Cheng Tang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(13), 7103; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18137103 - 02 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2070
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to explore the role of gender in the relation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), white blood cell (WBC) count, and serum uric acid (UA) to the risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. In total, 404 [...] Read more.
The purpose of the present study was to explore the role of gender in the relation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), white blood cell (WBC) count, and serum uric acid (UA) to the risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. In total, 404 workers were recruited to obtain the measurements of serum markers for CVD risk. Demographic data, nutrition, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption were assessed through a questionnaire. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was adopted to estimate the risk of future CVD events. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine CVD risk markers in relation to the FRS by gender. The hsCRP was not significantly correlated with the FRS for all workers after adjusting for covariates, including demographic data and health-related lifestyle. WBC count was positively correlated with FRS for all workers, but WBC count did not show an interaction with gender with respect to the FRS. Serum UA showed an interaction with gender on the FRS, and UA positively correlated with the FRS in males though not in females. With respect to CVD prevention, the WBC count can be used to monitor the risk for all workers. Due to a gender difference shown in the relationship between serum UA and the FRS, serum UA can be a monitor of the risk of future CVD events in male workers only. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
19 pages, 1439 KiB  
Article
The Association between Blood Pressure Trajectories and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases among Non-Hypertensive Chinese Population: A Population-Based Cohort Study
by Fang Li, Qian Lin, Mingshu Li, Lizhang Chen and Yingjun Li
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(6), 2909; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18062909 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2044
Abstract
Although previous studies have discussed the association between trajectories of blood pressure (BP) and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the association among the non-hypertensive general population of youth and middle age has not been elucidated. We used the growth mixture model to explore [...] Read more.
Although previous studies have discussed the association between trajectories of blood pressure (BP) and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the association among the non-hypertensive general population of youth and middle age has not been elucidated. We used the growth mixture model to explore the trajectories of BP among the non-hypertensive Chinese population and applied Cox regression to evaluate the association between trajectories of BP and the risk of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were categorized into three classes, respectively. Statistically significant associations were observed between SBP trajectories and stroke (range of adjusted hazard ratios (aHR): 1.369–3.837) or MI (rang of aHR = 6.047–13.017). Association between DBP trajectories and stroke (aHR: 3.685) or MI (range of aHR = 1.312–2.821) were also observed, although they did not reach statistical significance. Trajectories of SBP were more important risk factors than that of DBP in stroke and MI in our study population. BP management is important among pre-hypertensive adults to prevent stroke and MI when they age. Well-designed research with a larger sample size is required to confirm our findings and develop efficient methods to prevent CVDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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13 pages, 2088 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension and Characteristics of Nocturnal Blood Pressure Profile of Asthma Patients According to Therapy and Severity of the Disease: The BADA Study
by Domenico Di Raimondo, Gaia Musiari, Alida Benfante, Salvatore Battaglia, Giuliana Rizzo, Antonino Tuttolomondo, Nicola Scichilone and Antonio Pinto
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6925; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17186925 - 22 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3105
Abstract
Background: several studies report an increased risk for asthmatic subjects to develop arterial hypertension and the relationship between these two diseases, frequently co-existing, still has some unclear aspects. Methods: The BADA (blood pressure levels, clinical features and markers of subclinical cardiovascular damage of [...] Read more.
Background: several studies report an increased risk for asthmatic subjects to develop arterial hypertension and the relationship between these two diseases, frequently co-existing, still has some unclear aspects. Methods: The BADA (blood pressure levels, clinical features and markers of subclinical cardiovascular damage of asthma patients) study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the cardiovascular comorbidities of asthma and their impact on the clinical outcome. The main exclusion criteria were the presence of other respiratory diseases, current smoking, any contraindication to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results: The overall percentage of asthmatics having also hypertension was 75% (30 patients) vs. 45% (18 patients) of the control group (p: 0.012). Reduced level of FEV1 (but not inhaled steroid therapy) was associated to newly-diagnosed hypertension (p: 0.0002), higher day SBP levels (p: 0.003), higher day DBP levels (p: 0.03), higher 24 h-SBP levels (p: 0.005) and higher 24h-DBP levels (p: 0.03). The regression analysis performed taking into account sex, age, diabetes, fasting glucose, and body mass index confirms the independent role played by asthma: odds ratio (OR): 3.66 (CI: 1.29–11.1). Conclusions: hypertension is highly prevalent in asthma; the use of ABPM has allowed the detection of a considerable number of unrecognized hypertensives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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15 pages, 1174 KiB  
Article
Impact of Foehn Wind and Related Environmental Variables on the Incidence of Cardiac Events
by Andrzej Maciejczak, Agnieszka Guzik, Andżelina Wolan-Nieroda, Marzena Wójcik and Teresa Pop
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2638; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17082638 - 12 Apr 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3104
Abstract
In Poland there is no data related to the impact of halny wind and the related environmental variables on the incidence of cardiac events. We decided to investigate the relationship between this weather phenomenon, as well as the related environmental variables, and the [...] Read more.
In Poland there is no data related to the impact of halny wind and the related environmental variables on the incidence of cardiac events. We decided to investigate the relationship between this weather phenomenon, as well as the related environmental variables, and the incidence of cardiac events in the population of southern Poland, a region affected by this type of wind. We also decided to determine whether the environmental changes coincide with or predate the event examined. We analysed data related to 465 patients admitted to the cardiology ward in a large regional hospital during twelve months of 2011 due to acute myocardial infarction. All the patients in the study group lived in areas affected by halny wind and at the time of the event were staying in those areas. The frequency of admissions on halny days did not differ significantly from the admissions on the remaining days of the year (p = 0.496). No statistically significant differences were found between the number of admissions on halny days and on the remaining days during halny months (p = 0.084). We have identified a difference in the number of admissions between days with no halny and days immediately preceding onset of halny (p = 0.001). However, no effects of the related environmental variables have been observed in the incidence of cardiac events (p = 0.866, F = 0.37). On the days with halny wind, incidence of cardiac events is similar to that on the remaining days of the year. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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16 pages, 1137 KiB  
Article
Intracranial Vertebrobasilar Calcification in Patients with Ischemic Stroke Is a Predictor of Recurrent Stroke, Vascular Disease, and Death: A Case-Control Study
by Jožef Magdič, Nino Cmor, Matevž Kaube, Tanja Hojs Fabjan, Larissa Hauer, Johann Sellner and Slaven Pikija
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(6), 2013; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17062013 - 18 Mar 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2950
Abstract
Intracranial artery calcification can be detected on nonenhanced brain computer tomography (NECT) and is a predictor of early vascular events. Here, we assessed the impact of vertebrobasilar artery calcification (VBC) on the long-term risk for recurrent stroke and vascular events. We performed a [...] Read more.
Intracranial artery calcification can be detected on nonenhanced brain computer tomography (NECT) and is a predictor of early vascular events. Here, we assessed the impact of vertebrobasilar artery calcification (VBC) on the long-term risk for recurrent stroke and vascular events. We performed a case-control trial of all consecutive stroke patients admitted to the University Hospital of Maribor, Slovenia over a period of 14 months. VBC was defined as presence of a hyperdense area within vertebrobasilar arteries that exceeds > 90 Hounsfield units as seen on NECT. Clinical follow-up information was obtained from the hospital documentation system and mortality registry of the district and included recurrent stroke, subsequent vascular events (myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral arterial occlusive disease), and death. We followed a total of 448 patients for a median of 1505 days (interquartile range, IQR 188-2479). Evidence for VBC was present in 243 (54.2%) patients. Median age was 76 years, recurrent stroke occurred in 33 (7.4%), any vascular events in 71 (15.8%), and death in 276 (61.6%). VBC was associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, HR 3.13, 95% confidence interval (CI 1.35–7.20)) and vascular events (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.21–3.47). Advanced age, male gender, and ischemic stroke involving the entire anterior circulation raised the likelihood for death. We conclude that the presence of VBC in patients with ischemic stroke is a short- and long-term prognostic factor for stroke recurrence and subsequent manifestation of acute vascular disease. Further understanding of the pathophysiology of VBC is warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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10 pages, 1234 KiB  
Article
The Correlation of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Subsequent Cardiovascular Diseases of Different Types: A Population-Based Cohort Study
by Hung-Jui Hsu, Chia-Yi Lee, Shih-Chun Chao, Chan-Wei Nien, Shih-Hao Tzeng, Jing-Yang Huang, Tai-Chuan Ko, Shun-Fa Yang and Hung-Yu Lin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(24), 5099; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16245099 - 13 Dec 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2143
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with different severities using the National Health Insurance Research Database. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Subjects with CSC were enrolled according [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with different severities using the National Health Insurance Research Database. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Subjects with CSC were enrolled according to the relevant diagnostic codes, and an age- and gender-matched population was used as the control group with a 1:4 ratio. The main outcome being considered was the development of CVD after CSC exposure. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of CSC and CVD of different types. A total of 2865 patients that were diagnosed with CSC were enrolled in the study group, while another 11,460 non-CSC subjects were selected as the control group. There were 171 events of CVD which occurred in the study group, while another 557 cases were found in the control group. No significant differences were observed among the CVD cases between the study and control group, whether they had an acute or chronic form, according to the aHR. In the subgroup analysis, there was a significantly higher risk of CVD development in the male population aged from 40 to 59 years (aHR: 1.351, confidence interval (CI): 1.063–1.716), which was mainly due to the higher risk of mild CVD (aHR: 1.391, CI: 1.062–1.822). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in CVD development in any of the age subgroups of the female population. In conclusion, the existence of CSC is correlated with a higher rate of chronic CVD occurrence in the middle-aged male population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

12 pages, 840 KiB  
Review
Impact of Working from Home on Cardiovascular Health: An Emerging Issue with the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Stefania Angela Di Fusco, Antonella Spinelli, Lorenzo Castello, Edoardo Mocini, Michele Massimo Gulizia, Fabrizio Oliva, Domenico Gabrielli, Giuseppe Imperoli and Furio Colivicchi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(22), 11882; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182211882 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3858
Abstract
Mandatory working from home is one of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for a large number of workers. Transition to working from home may significantly impact lifestyle, psychosocial status, and the overall health of workers. This review summarizes available data about the [...] Read more.
Mandatory working from home is one of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for a large number of workers. Transition to working from home may significantly impact lifestyle, psychosocial status, and the overall health of workers. This review summarizes available data about the effects of lockdown measures, particularly working from home, on cardiovascular risk factors including sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet pattern, psychological distress, smoking, alcohol misuse, and cardiometabolic parameters. Finally, we suggest countermeasures that can attenuate the negative health impact of working from home. Indeed, timely and tailored interventions implemented by companies in cooperation with the health care system could allow workers to benefit more from some of the advantages associated with working from home. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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14 pages, 2230 KiB  
Review
Are Advanced Glycation End Products in Skin Associated with Vascular Dysfunction Markers? A Meta-Analysis
by Alicia Saz-Lara, Celia Álvarez-Bueno, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Blanca Notario-Pacheco, Irene Sequí-Dominguez and Iván Cavero-Redondo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6936; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17186936 - 22 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3265
Abstract
Evidence exists regarding the association between advanced glycation end products and different cardiovascular disease subclinical processes, such as arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to provide a synthesis of the evidence regarding the association of arterial stiffness [...] Read more.
Evidence exists regarding the association between advanced glycation end products and different cardiovascular disease subclinical processes, such as arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to provide a synthesis of the evidence regarding the association of arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity and atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence. A systematic search was performed using: MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science, until 30 March 2020. Cross-sectional studies or baseline data from prospective longitudinal studies were considered. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to calculate the pooled estimates of correlation coefficients and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence. Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, including 6306 subjects. The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.31) for pulse wave velocity and skin autofluorescence, and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.38) for carotid intima media thickness and skin autofluorescence. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a synthesis of the evidence showing a positive weak association of pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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15 pages, 327 KiB  
Review
Insights from Experiences on Antiplatelet Drugs in Stroke Prevention: A Review
by Salvatore Santo Signorelli, Ingrid Platania, Salvatore Davide Tomasello, Marco Mangiafico, Giuliana Barcellona, Domenico Di Raimondo and Agostino Gaudio
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(16), 5840; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17165840 - 12 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2652
Abstract
Reduction of hazard risk of cerebral ischemic event (stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA)) represents the hard point to be achieved from primary or secondary preventive strategy in the best clinical practice. However, results from clinical trials, recommendations, guidelines, systematic review, expert opinions, and [...] Read more.
Reduction of hazard risk of cerebral ischemic event (stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA)) represents the hard point to be achieved from primary or secondary preventive strategy in the best clinical practice. However, results from clinical trials, recommendations, guidelines, systematic review, expert opinions, and meta-analysis debated on the optimal pharmacotherapy to achieve the objective. Aspirin and a number of antiplatelet agents, alone or in combination, have been considered from large trials focused on stroke prevention. The present review summarizes, discusses results from trials, and focuses on the benefits or disadvantages originating from antiplatelet drugs. Sections of the review were organized to show both benefits or consequences from antiplatelet pharmacotherapy. Conclusively, this review provides a potential synopsis on the most appropriate therapeutic approach for stroke prevention in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
31 pages, 1202 KiB  
Review
Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds
by Javad Sharifi-Rad, Célia F. Rodrigues, Farukh Sharopov, Anca Oana Docea, Aslı Can Karaca, Mehdi Sharifi-Rad, Derya Kahveci Karıncaoglu, Gözde Gülseren, Ezgi Şenol, Evren Demircan, Yasaman Taheri, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Beraat Özçelik, Kadriye Nur Kasapoğlu, Mine Gültekin-Özgüven, Ceren Daşkaya-Dikmen, William C. Cho, Natália Martins and Daniela Calina
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2326; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17072326 - 30 Mar 2020
Cited by 139 | Viewed by 11925
Abstract
Heart and blood vessels disorders comprise one of the main causes of death worldwide. Pharmacologically active natural compounds have been used as a complementary therapy in cardiovascular disease around the world in a traditional way. Dietary, natural bioactive compounds, as well as healthy [...] Read more.
Heart and blood vessels disorders comprise one of the main causes of death worldwide. Pharmacologically active natural compounds have been used as a complementary therapy in cardiovascular disease around the world in a traditional way. Dietary, natural bioactive compounds, as well as healthy lifestyles, are considered to prevent coronary artery diseases. Pre-clinical and clinical studies reported that consumption of plant-food bioactive derivatives including polyphenolic compounds, peptides, oligosaccharides, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids possess protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the cardiovascular risk factors, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials related to cardioprotective properties of the plant-food-derived bioactive compounds. Molecular mechanisms by the natural bioactive compounds exert their cardiovascular protective properties have also been highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease)
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