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Molecular Mechanism and Detection of Anti-microbial Resistance in Bacteria

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 9837

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Donghyuk Kim

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Guest Editor

Schools of Energy & Chemical Engineering (ECHE) and Life Sciences (SLS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Korea
Interests: systems biology; methanotroph; bacterial pathogens; computational biology; antimicrobial resistance

Prof. Dr. Hae-Yeong Kim

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Guest Editor

Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
Interests: foodborne pathogens; food safety; probiotics; food authenticity; molecular detection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Hyunjin Yoon

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Guest Editor

Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Interests: bacterial pathogens; virulence; resistance; gene regulation; host–microbe interaction; infectious disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emergence of anti-microbial resistance among major bacterial pathogens became a major public health threat affecting humans worldwide. The bacterial resistance to antibiotics includes molecular mechanisms including mutational adaptations, acquisition of genetic material, and alteration of gene expression of resistance genes. These mechanisms implement bacterial adaptation and evolution against antibiotic stress. Thus, investigating biochemical and genetic basis of anti-microbial resistance is important to develop methods to reduce the spread of resistance and to devise effective treatment approaches against antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Dr. Donghyuk Kim
Prof. Dr. Hae-Yeong Kim
Prof. Dr. Hyunjin Yoon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Anti-Microbial Resistance
Molecular Resistance Mechanism
Resistance Gene
Antimicrobial Resistance Transfer
Resistance Detection

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4852 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Whole Genome Analysis of 335 New Bacterial Species from Human Microbiota Reveals a Huge Reservoir of Transferable Antibiotic Resistance Determinants

by Sami Khabthani, Jean-Marc Rolain and Vicky Merhej

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(4), 2137; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23042137 - 15 Feb 2022

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Abstract

Background: The emergence and diffusion of strains of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics constitutes a real public health challenge. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be carried by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, including commensal bacteria from the human microbiota, which require special monitoring in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Methods: We analyzed the proteomes of 335 new bacterial species from human microbiota to estimate its whole range of ARGs using the BLAST program against ARGs reference databases. Results: We found 278 bacteria that harbor a total of 883 potential ARGs with the following distribution: 264 macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin, 195 aminoglycosides, 156 tetracyclines, 58 β-lactamases, 58 fosfomycin, 51 glycopeptides, 36 nitroimidazoles, 33 phenicols and 32 rifamycin. Furthermore, evolutionary analyses revealed the potential horizontal transfer with pathogenic bacteria involving mobile genetic elements such as transposase and plasmid. We identified many ARGs that may represent new variants in fosfomycin and β-lactams resistance. Conclusion: These findings show that new bacterial species from human microbiota should be considered as an important reservoir of ARGs that can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. In vitro analyses of their phenotypic potential are required to improve our understanding of the functional role of this bacterial community in the development of antibiotic resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism and Detection of Anti-microbial Resistance in Bacteria)

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13 pages, 1510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Characteristics of Phenicol-Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes in Enterococcus Faecalis and Enterococcus Faecium Isolated from Food-Producing Animals and Meat in Korea

by Eiseul Kim, So-Won Shin, Hyo-Sun Kwak, Min-Hyeok Cha, Seung-Min Yang, Yoon-Soo Gwak, Gun-Jo Woo and Hae-Yeong Kim

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11335; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms222111335 - 20 Oct 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2109

Abstract

The use of phenicol antibiotics in animals has increased. In recent years, it has been reported that the transferable gene mediates phenicol-oxazolidinone resistance. This study analyzed the prevalence and characteristics of phenicol-oxazolidinone resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from food-producing animals and meat in Korea in 2018. Furthermore, for the first time, we reported the genome sequence of E. faecalis strain, which possesses the phenicol-oxazolidinone resistance gene on both the chromosome and plasmid. Among the 327 isolates, optrA, poxtA, and fexA genes were found in 15 (4.6%), 8 (2.5%), and 17 isolates (5.2%), respectively. Twenty E. faecalis strains carrying resistance genes belonged to eight sequence types (STs), and transferability was found in 17 isolates. The genome sequences revealed that resistant genes were present in the chromosome or plasmid, or both. In strains EFS17 and EFS108, optrA was located downstream of the ermA and ant(9)-1 genes. The strains EFS36 and EFS108 harboring poxtA-encoding plasmid cocarried fexA and cfr(D). These islands also contained IS1216E or the transposon Tn554, enabling the horizontal transfer of the phenicol-oxazolidinone resistance with other antimicrobial-resistant genes. Our results suggest that it is necessary to promote the prudent use of antibiotics through continuous monitoring and reevaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism and Detection of Anti-microbial Resistance in Bacteria)

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Review

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15 pages, 842 KiB

Open AccessReview

Antibiotic Heteroresistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae

by Karolina Stojowska-Swędrzyńska, Adrianna Łupkowska, Dorota Kuczyńska-Wiśnik and Ewa Laskowska

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 449; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23010449 - 31 Dec 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4666

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens responsible for infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bacteremias. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae was recognized in 2017 by the World Health Organization as a critical public health threat. Heteroresistance, defined as the presence of a subpopulation of cells with a higher MIC than the dominant population, is a frequent phenotype in many pathogens. Numerous reports on heteroresistant K. pneumoniae isolates have been published in the last few years. Heteroresistance is difficult to detect and study due to its phenotypic and genetic instability. Recent findings provide strong evidence that heteroresistance may be associated with an increased risk of recurrent infections and antibiotic treatment failure. This review focuses on antibiotic heteroresistance mechanisms in K. pneumoniae and potential therapeutic strategies against antibiotic heteroresistant isolates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism and Detection of Anti-microbial Resistance in Bacteria)

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