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Anti-aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Rejuvenation Strategies

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 21863

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bum-Ho Bin

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Guest Editor

Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Interests: aging; dermatology; melanogeneis; skin diseases; skin development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

After birth, organisms grow to become adults capable of producing offspring. After this, they age and degenerate, are exposed to various diseases, and eventually die. Research studies have shown that aging begins at different times in different tissues according to the organism, at different rates and with different causes. In addition, it was found that different organisms experience different types of senile diseases that cause death. In particular, regarding humans, it is known that the main causes of death vary widely depending on age, environment, status, and diet. Therefore, in order to intellgiently face the concept of death, humans have conducted various studies, with various hypotheses and evidence emerging of the causes of aging. Recently, genes and proteins related to aging have been identified and substances showing the potential for rejuvenation have also been discovered. In this Special Issue, we will explore in more detail which molecules are involved in aging and anti-aging and which substances inhibit or rejuvenate aging.

Prof. Dr. Bum-Ho Bin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Aging;
Senescence;
Rejuvenation;
Metabolism;
Inflamation;
Life span;
Signaling;
Anti-aging;
Antioxidant;
Mitochondria;
Caloric restriction;
Longevity;
Rapamycin

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabolic Rewiring by Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Promotes Rejuvenation in Aged Female Rats

by Kyeoung-Hwa Kim and Kyung-Ah Lee

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 566; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23010566 - 05 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2957

Abstract

Aging is a degenerative process involving cell function deterioration, leading to altered metabolic pathways, increased metabolite diversity, and dysregulated metabolism. Previously, we reported that human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPD-MSCs) have therapeutic effects on ovarian aging. This study aimed to identify hPD-MSC therapy-induced responses at the metabolite and protein levels and serum biomarker(s) of aging and/or rejuvenation. We observed weight loss after hPD-MSC therapy. Importantly, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), known prolongs healthy life spans, were markedly elevated in serum. Capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS) analysis identified 176 metabolites, among which the levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, glycocholic acid, and taurine, which are associated with health and longevity, were enhanced after hPD-MSC stimulation. Furthermore, after hPD-MSC therapy, the levels of vitamin B6 and its metabolite pyridoxal 5′-phosphate were markedly increased in the serum and liver, respectively. Interestingly, hPD-MSC therapy promoted serotonin production due to increased vitamin B6 metabolism rates. Increased liver serotonin levels after multiple-injection therapy altered the expression of mRNAs and proteins associated with hepatocyte proliferation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Changes in metabolites in circulation after hPD-MSC therapy can be used to identify biomarker(s) of aging and/or rejuvenation. In addition, serotonin is a valuable therapeutic target for reversing aging-associated liver degeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Rejuvenation Strategies)

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18 pages, 8406 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rejuvenating the Aging Heart by Enhancing the Expression of the Cisd2 Prolongevity Gene

by Chi-Hsiao Yeh, Yi-Ju Chou, Ting-Kuan Chu and Ting-Fen Tsai

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11487; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms222111487 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2174

Abstract

Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide among aging populations. Cisd2 is a prolongevity gene that mediates lifespan in mammals. Previously, our investigations revealed that a persistently high level of Cisd2 expression in mice is able to prevent age-associated cardiac dysfunction. This study was designed to apply a genetic approach that induces cardiac-specific Cisd2 overexpression (Cisd2 icOE) at a late-life stage, namely a time point immediately preceding the onset of old age, and evaluate the translational potential of this approach. Several discoveries are pinpointed. Firstly, Cisd2 is downregulated in the aging heart. This decrease in Cisd2 leads to cardiac dysfunction and impairs electromechanical performance. Intriguingly, Cisd2 icOE prevents an exacerbation of age-associated electromechanical dysfunction. Secondly, Cisd2 icOE ameliorates cardiac fibrosis and improves the integrity of the intercalated discs, thereby reversing various structural abnormalities. Finally, Cisd2 icOE reverses the transcriptomic profile of the aging heart, changing it from an older-age pattern to a younger pattern. Intriguingly, Cisd2 icOE modulates a number of aging-related pathways, namely the sirtuin signaling, autophagy, and senescence pathways, to bring about rejuvenation of the heart as it enters old age. Our findings highlight Cisd2 as a novel molecular target for developing therapies targeting cardiac aging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Rejuvenation Strategies)

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Review

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51 pages, 1983 KiB

Open AccessReview

Skin Aging, Cellular Senescence and Natural Polyphenols

by Erika Csekes and Lucia Račková

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(23), 12641; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms222312641 - 23 Nov 2021

Cited by 80 | Viewed by 15845

Abstract

The skin, being the barrier organ of the body, is constitutively exposed to various stimuli impacting its morphology and function. Senescent cells have been found to accumulate with age and may contribute to age-related skin changes and pathologies. Natural polyphenols exert many health benefits, including ameliorative effects on skin aging. By affecting molecular pathways of senescence, polyphenols are able to prevent or delay the senescence formation and, consequently, avoid or ameliorate aging and age-associated pathologies of the skin. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge in skin aging and cellular senescence, and to summarize the recent in vitro studies related to the anti-senescent mechanisms of natural polyphenols carried out on keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts. Aged skin in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic will be also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Rejuvenation Strategies)

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