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Prospective and Cutting-Edge Research for Diabetic Complications

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 12017

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Daiji Kawanami

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Guest Editor

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
Interests: endocrinology; diabetes mellitus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, pathogenesis of diabetic complications has become more diverse. There is a need for comprehensive research that focuses not only on vascular complications but also on bones, muscles and dementia. Along with this, the identification of the factors and hormones that are linked to organs is becoming increasingly important. Pioneering research on this can be expected to greatly contribute to the novel diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and its complications. This Special Issue will include papers that investigate the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of diabetic complications (microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, dementia, sarcopenia, frail, bone metabolism, etc.). Experimental studies and clinical research using molecular biological and/or physiological analysis will be considered. Original articles, as well as review articles, are welcome.

Dr. Daiji Kawanami
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

diabetic complications
diabetic retinopathy
diabetic kidney disease
diabetic macroangiopathy
bone metabolism in diabetes
hormones in diabetes
dementia
sarcopenia
frail
biomarkers
molecular biology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3273 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical-Grade Patches as a Medium for Enrichment of Sweat-Extracellular Vesicles and Facilitating Their Metabolic Analysis

by Syeda Tayyiba Rahat, Mira Mäkelä, Maryam Nasserinejad, Tiina M. Ikäheimo, Henna Hyrkäs-Palmu, Rasmus I. P. Valtonen, Juha Röning, Sylvain Sebert, Anni I. Nieminen, Nsrein Ali and Seppo Vainio

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7507; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24087507 - 19 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2401

Abstract

Cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), carrying components such as RNA, DNA, proteins, and metabolites, serve as candidates for developing non-invasive solutions for monitoring health and disease, owing to their capacity to cross various biological barriers and to become integrated into human sweat. However, the evidence for sweat-associated EVs providing clinically relevant information to use in disease diagnostics has not been reported. Developing cost-effective, easy, and reliable methodologies to investigate EVs’ molecular load and composition in the sweat may help to validate their relevance in clinical diagnosis. We used clinical-grade dressing patches, with the aim being to accumulate, purify and characterize sweat EVs from healthy participants exposed to transient heat. The skin patch-based protocol described in this paper enables the enrichment of sweat EVs that express EV markers, such as CD63. A targeted metabolomics study of the sweat EVs identified 24 components. These are associated with amino acids, glutamate, glutathione, fatty acids, TCA, and glycolysis pathways. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, when comparing the metabolites’ levels in sweat EVs isolated from healthy individuals with those of participants with Type 2 diabetes following heat exposure, our findings revealed that the metabolic patterns of sweat EVs may be linked with metabolic changes. Moreover, the concentration of these metabolites may reflect correlations with blood glucose and BMI. Together our data revealed that sweat EVs can be purified using routinely used clinical patches, setting the foundations for larger-scale clinical cohort work. Furthermore, the metabolites identified in sweat EVs also offer a realistic means to identify relevant disease biomarkers. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept towards a novel methodology that will focus on the use of the sweat EVs and their metabolites as a non-invasive approach, in order to monitor wellbeing and changes in diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective and Cutting-Edge Research for Diabetic Complications)

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13 pages, 2506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Central Effects of Systemic Lentiviral-Mediated Leptin Delivery in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

by Kimberly A. Clark, Andrew C. Shin, Madhu P. Sirivelu, Ramya C. MohanKumar, Sreenivasa R. Maddineni, Ramesh Ramachandran, Puliyur S. MohanKumar and Sheba M. J. MohanKumar

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13197; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms222413197 - 07 Dec 2021

Viewed by 3041

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by hyperphagia, hyperglycemia and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. We have reported previously that daily leptin injections help to alleviate these symptoms. Therefore, we hypothesized that leptin gene therapy could help to normalize the neuroendocrine dysfunction seen in T1D. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were injected i.v. with a lentiviral vector containing the leptin gene or green fluorescent protein. Ten days later, they were injected with the vehicle or streptozotocin (STZ). HPA function was assessed by measuring norepinephrine (NE) levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and serum corticosterone (CS). Treatment with the leptin lentiviral vector (Lepvv) increased leptin and insulin levels in non-diabetic rats, but not in diabetic animals. There was a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats due to Lepvv treatment. Both NE levels in the PVN and serum CS were reduced in diabetic rats treated with Lepvv. Results from this study provide evidence that leptin gene therapy in STZ-induced diabetic rats was able to partially normalize some of the neuroendocrine abnormalities, but studies with higher doses of the Lepvv are needed to develop this into a viable option for treating T1D. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective and Cutting-Edge Research for Diabetic Complications)

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Review

Jump to: Research

14 pages, 1894 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cell-Cycle Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Update

by Bowen Deng, Anni Song and Chun Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2133; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24032133 - 21 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2158

Abstract

In the last few decades, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased rapidly. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, attributed to hemodynamic changes and chronic hyperglycemia. Recent findings have emphasized the role of cell-cycle dysregulation in renal fibrosis and ESRD. Under normal physiological conditions, most mature renal cells are arrested in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, with a rather low rate of renewal. However, renal cells can bypass restriction points and re-enter the cell cycle under stimulation of injuries induced via metabolic disorders. Mild injuries activate proliferation of renal cells to compensate for cell loss and reinstate renal function, while severe or repeated injuries will lead to DNA damage and maladaptive repair which ultimately results in cell-cycle arrest or overproliferation, and eventually promote renal fibrosis and ESRD. In this review, we focus on the role of cell-cycle dysregulation in DKD and discuss new, emerging pathways that are implicated in the process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective and Cutting-Edge Research for Diabetic Complications)

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15 pages, 5089 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Bone-Derived Hormones in Glucose Metabolism, Diabetic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disorders

by Yuichi Takashi and Daiji Kawanami

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(4), 2376; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23042376 - 21 Feb 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3443

Abstract

Bone contributes to supporting the body, protecting the central nervous system and other organs, hematopoiesis, the regulation of mineral metabolism (mainly calcium and phosphate), and assists in respiration. Bone has many functions in the body. Recently, it was revealed that bone also works as an endocrine organ and secretes several systemic humoral factors, including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), osteocalcin (OC), sclerostin, and lipocalin 2. Bone can communicate with other organs via these hormones. In particular, it has been reported that these bone-derived hormones are involved in glucose metabolism and diabetic complications. Some functions of these bone-derived hormones can become useful biomarkers that predict the incidence of diabetes and the progression of diabetic complications. Furthermore, other functions are considered to be targets for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and its complications. As is well known, diabetes is now a worldwide health problem, and many efforts have been made to treat diabetes. Thus, further investigations of the endocrine system through bone-derived hormones may provide us with new perspectives on the prediction, prevention, and treatment of diabetes. In this review, we summarize the role of bone-derived hormones in glucose metabolism, diabetic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prospective and Cutting-Edge Research for Diabetic Complications)

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