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Immunology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2022
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Immunology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2022

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 10870

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Seung Up Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: hepatic carcinogenesis; hepatocellular carcinoma; immunotherapy; angiogenesis; chemotherapy; recurrence; metastasis; fibrosis; cirrhosis; tumor environment; hepatitis virus; microbiome; fatty liver

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During several decades, the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma has increased due to advances in diagnosis, imaging, intervention, surgery, transplantation, and anticancer therapy. However, the overall long-term prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma has been still poor. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to understand the biology of carcinogenesis, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to anticancer therapy for the development of novel preventive/therapeutic approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, in addition to the curative therapy including transplanation, resection, and ablation, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, PD-1 blockade, and their combinations have prolonged the progression-free and overall survival in patients with unresectable advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, it has been proven that antifibrotic, antiviral, antiinflammatory agent have been reduce the risk of fibrosis progession and corresponding the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development.

The papers in the current Special Issue will cover all the topics of carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, recurrence, metastasis, anticancer therapy including immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiviral therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, papers will cover all topics related to metabolic abnormalities and nonalcoholic/alcoholic fatty livers.

Prof. Seung Up Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carcinogenesis
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Immunotherapy
  • Angiogenesis
  • Chemotherapy
  • Fibrosis
  • Tumor environment
  • Hepatitis virus
  • Microbiome
  • Hypoxia
  • Regeneration
  • Inflammation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1866 KiB  
Article
Metformin and Dichloroacetate Suppress Proliferation of Liver Cancer Cells by Inhibiting mTOR Complex 1
by Tae Suk Kim, Minjong Lee, Minji Park, Sae Yun Kim, Min Suk Shim, Chea Yeon Lee, Dae Hee Choi and Yuri Cho
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(18), 10027; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms221810027 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3531
Abstract
The Warburg effect is important for cancer cell proliferation. This phenomenon can be flexible by interaction between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation for energy production. We aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, dichloroacetate (DCA) and the mitochondrial respiratory [...] Read more.
The Warburg effect is important for cancer cell proliferation. This phenomenon can be flexible by interaction between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation for energy production. We aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, dichloroacetate (DCA) and the mitochondrial respiratory complex I inhibitor metformin in liver cancer cells. The anticancer effect of DCA and/or metformin on HepG2, PLC/PRF5 human liver cancer cell lines, MH-134 murine hepatoma cell lines, and primary normal hepatocytes using MTT assay. Inhibition of lactate/ATP production and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation by DCA and metformin was investigated. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR complex I was evaluated to see whether it occurred through AMPK signaling. Anticancer effects of a combination treatment of DCA and metformin were evaluated in HCC murine model. The results showed that metformin and DCA effectively induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells. A combination treatment of metformin and DCA did not affect viability of primary normal hepatocytes. Metformin upregulated glycolysis in liver cancer cells, thereby increasing sensitivity to the DCA treatment. Metformin and DCA inhibited mTOR complex I signaling through upregulated AMPK-independent REDD1. In addition, metformin and DCA increased reactive oxygen species levels in liver cancer cells, which induced apoptosis. A combination treatment of metformin and DCA significantly suppressed the tumor growth of liver cancer cells using in vivo xenograft model. Taken together, the combined treatment of metformin and DCA suppressed the growth of liver cancer cells. This strategy may be effective for patients with advanced liver cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2022)
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Review

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11 pages, 608 KiB  
Review
Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Their Role as a Potential Target for Future Therapies
by Esraa Ali, Andriy Trailin, Filip Ambrozkiewicz, Václav Liška and Kari Hemminki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15292; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232315292 - 04 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2152
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global healthcare challenge, which affects more than 815,000 new cases every year. Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) remain the principal cells that drive HCC onset and growth. aHSCs suppress the anti-tumor immune response through interaction with different immune [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global healthcare challenge, which affects more than 815,000 new cases every year. Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) remain the principal cells that drive HCC onset and growth. aHSCs suppress the anti-tumor immune response through interaction with different immune cells. They also increase the deposition of the extracellular matrix proteins, challenging the reversion of fibrosis and increasing HCC growth and metastasis. Therapy for HCC was reported to activate HSCs, which could explain the low efficacy of current treatments. Conversely, recent studies aimed at the deactivation of HSCs show that they have been able to inhibit HCC growth. In this review article, we discuss the role of aHSCs in HCC pathophysiology and therapy. Finally, we provide suggestions for the experimental implementation of HSCs in HCC therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2022)
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17 pages, 593 KiB  
Review
Immunological Markers, Prognostic Factors and Challenges Following Curative Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Soon Kyu Lee, Sung Won Lee, Jeong Won Jang, Si Hyun Bae, Jong Young Choi and Seung Kew Yoon
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(19), 10271; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms221910271 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4140
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Patients with early-stage HCC are eligible for curative treatments, such as surgical resection, liver transplantation (LT) and percutaneous ablation. Although curative treatments provide excellent long-term survival, almost 70–80% of patients [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Patients with early-stage HCC are eligible for curative treatments, such as surgical resection, liver transplantation (LT) and percutaneous ablation. Although curative treatments provide excellent long-term survival, almost 70–80% of patients experience HCC recurrence after curative treatments. Tumor-related factors, including tumor size, number and differentiation, and underlying liver disease, are well-known risk factors for recurrence following curative therapies. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment (TME) also plays a key role in the recurrence of HCC. Many immunosuppressive mechanisms, such as an increase in regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells with a decrease in cytotoxic T cells, are implicated in HCC recurrence. These suppressive TMEs are also modulated by several factors and pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor, programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand 1. Based on these mechanisms and the promising results of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) in advanced HCC, there have been several ongoing adjuvant studies using a single or combination of ICB following curative treatments in HCC. In this review, we strive to provide biologic and immunological markers, prognostic factors, and challenges associated with clinical outcomes after curative treatments, including resection, LT and ablation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2022)
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