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Molecular Research in Inflammation and Lung Infections
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Molecular Research in Inflammation and Lung Infections

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 8875

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luciana Tavares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ImmuPhar—Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR), Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Interests: inflammation; lung, influenza; pneumonia; resolution of inflammation; immunopharmacology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hong Yong Peh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ImmuPhar - Immunopharmacology Section Committee of International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR), Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Interests: allergy; asthma; pharmacology; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pneumonia is a major health threat comprising the deadliest communicable disease in the world. The emergence of new respiratory viruses and the growing levels of pathogen resistance to antimicrobials are important infectious disease challenges of the 21st century. Despite the improvements in disease management and vaccine development, novel therapeutic strategies for pneumonia are urgently needed.

Inflammation is a protective response of the host to infections or injury. Pulmonary inflammation is a crucial defence mechanism to restrain pathogen replication and dissemination. Nevertheless, uncontrolled and exacerbated inflammatory responses are correlated to the severity of pneumonia and can lead to prolonged host immune dysfunction, increasing the risk for secondary diseases (e.g., coagulopathies and cardiovascular disease) or infections.

This Special Issue focus on the interplay between the innate immune system activation and regulation during lung infections. Our goal is to gather scientific articles that aid the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling inflammation onset and resolution to manipulate the response for a better pneumonia management, as well as understanding the protective role of inflammation during lung infections. We welcome the submission of basic science research articles or reviews.

Dr. Luciana Tavares
Dr. Hong Yong Peh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammation
  • infections
  • lung
  • resolution
  • immunopharmacology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4719 KiB  
Article
The Therapeutic Treatment with the GAG-Binding Chemokine Fragment CXCL9(74–103) Attenuates Neutrophilic Inflammation and Lung Dysfunction during Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Mice
by Daiane Boff, Remo Castro Russo, Helena Crijns, Vivian Louise Soares de Oliveira, Matheus Silvério Mattos, Pedro Elias Marques, Gustavo Batista Menezes, Angélica Thomaz Vieira, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Paul Proost and Flávio Almeida Amaral
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 6246; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23116246 - 02 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1933
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Bacterial pneumonia is characterized by a harmful inflammatory response with a massive influx of neutrophils, production of cytokines and chemokines, and consequent tissue damage and dysfunction. Targeted therapies to block neutrophil migration [...] Read more.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Bacterial pneumonia is characterized by a harmful inflammatory response with a massive influx of neutrophils, production of cytokines and chemokines, and consequent tissue damage and dysfunction. Targeted therapies to block neutrophil migration to avoid tissue damage while keeping the antimicrobial properties of tissue remains a challenge in the field. Here we tested the effect of the anti-inflammatory properties of the chemokine fragment CXCL9(74–103) in pneumonia induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice. Mice were infected by intratracheal injection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 6 h after infection were treated systemically with CXCL9(74–103). The recruitment of leukocytes, levels of cytokines and chemokines, colony-forming units (CFU), and lung function were evaluated. The treatment with CXCL9(74–103) decreased neutrophil migration to the airways and the production of the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) without affecting bacterial control. In addition, the therapeutic treatment improved lung function in infected mice. Our results indicated that the treatment with CXCL9(74–103) reduced inflammation and improved lung function in Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Inflammation and Lung Infections)
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Review

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11 pages, 579 KiB  
Review
Th17/Treg Imbalance: Implications in Lung Inflammatory Diseases
by Rony Thomas, Sai Qiao and Xi Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4865; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24054865 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3127
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) are two CD4+ T cell subsets with antagonist effects. Th17 cells promote inflammation, whereas Tregs are crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that Th17 cells and Treg cells are the [...] Read more.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) are two CD4+ T cell subsets with antagonist effects. Th17 cells promote inflammation, whereas Tregs are crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that Th17 cells and Treg cells are the foremost players in several inflammatory diseases. In this review, we explore the present knowledge on the role of Th17 cells and Treg cells, focusing on lung inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sarcoidosis, asthma, and pulmonary infectious diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Inflammation and Lung Infections)
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16 pages, 313 KiB  
Review
Lung Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Interstitial Lung Diseases
by Francesco Amati, Anna Stainer, Marco Mantero, Andrea Gramegna, Edoardo Simonetta, Giulia Suigo, Antonio Voza, Anoop M. Nambiar, Umberto Cariboni, Justin Oldham, Philip L. Molyneaux, Paolo Spagnolo, Francesco Blasi and Stefano Aliberti
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(2), 977; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23020977 - 17 Jan 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3029
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases represent a heterogeneous and wide group of diseases in which factors leading to disease initiation and progression are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that the lung microbiome might influence the pathogenesis and progression of interstitial lung diseases. In recent [...] Read more.
Interstitial lung diseases represent a heterogeneous and wide group of diseases in which factors leading to disease initiation and progression are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that the lung microbiome might influence the pathogenesis and progression of interstitial lung diseases. In recent years, the utilization of culture-independent methodologies has allowed the identification of complex and dynamic communities of microbes, in patients with interstitial lung diseases. However, the potential mechanisms by which these changes may drive disease pathogenesis and progression are largely unknown. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of the altered lung microbiome in several interstitial lung diseases. Untangling the host–microbiome interaction in the lung and airway of interstitial lung disease patients is a research priority. Thus, lung dysbiosis is a potentially treatable trait across several interstitial lung diseases, and its proper characterization and treatment might be crucial to change the natural history of these diseases and improve outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Inflammation and Lung Infections)
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