Dear Colleagues,

Over the last two decades, a new era with molecular targeted therapies has been launched in the battle against cancer.

In these two decades, a great contribution to the comprehension of cancer has been provided by the myriads of elucidated pathological molecular pathways. Many of them were and will be the basis for the design of novel drugs and the stimulation of further investigations. Furthermore, these advances in molecular biology were the platform for genetic and epigenetic studies to better understand the origin of the discovered molecular alterations and contributed to unravelling the complexity of cancer in its advanced stages.

However, to date, the expectated therapeutic advances have not always been made. In fact, while many of the novel drugs have entered into clinical practice, the benefit in terms of improved OS, when it occurs, has been marginal in most but a minority of patients with the common types of advanced cancer.

To overcome this deadlock, in addition to focusing on single or few molecular pathways, it is urgent to look at the entire complexity of the system in its advanced stage. In addition to some interesting contributions on cancer diagnostic methods, this Special Issue will provide a space for new therapeutic strategies based on a robust rationale from basic research, capable of examining the entire complexity of the system.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Nicolini
Guest Editor

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• Advances in the Comprehension of the Molecular Basis of Cancer and New Therapeutic Strategies 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (4 articles)