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Dysfunction in Neurovascular Unit, Neuroinflammation, and the Neurodegenerative Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 6459

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41068, Korea
Interests: Alzheimer’s disease, Abeta, Tau, Learning and memory, neuroinflammation, micorglia

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Guest Editor
Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
Interests: Blood Brain barrier, Neurovascular Unit, Blood borne Immunogen, Neuroinflammation, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases including the Alzheimer's Diseases (AD) and Parkinson's Diseases (PD) is ever increasing and it is becoming an important social issue that needs to be solved as soon as possible. Especially, finding the core pathology inducing these diseases are urgently needed to prevent that can help developing disease modifying drugs.

Evidences from recent research are showing that the dysfunction in the neurovascular unit (NVU) and influx of factors from peripheral system is one of the major driving forces in the neuroinflammation that eventually induces neurodegenerative diseases. This is changing the angle of viewpoint looking at the neurodegenerative diseases and may be a potential breakthrough to find a new concept of therapeutics. This emphasizes the importance of thorough and cutting edge research in this emerging field.

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences entitled “Dysfunction in Neurovascular Unit, Neuroinflammation, and the Neurodegenerative diseases” aims to highlight the importance of the role of neuroinflammation triggered by dysregulation of the NVU in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and dissecting the mechanisms behind of it.

We welcome research articles that will improve the understanding in pathophysiological mechanisms of disruption of the NVU and its migration of peripheral factors correlated with various types of brain immune responses in the context of development of neurodegenerative. Moreover, we also recruit review article that discusses recent advances in the field that can provide information to audiences in the neurodegenerative field which would be helpful to understand the neurodegenerative diseases in a different angle.

Dr. Hyang-Sook Hoe
Dr. Do-Geun Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Dysfunction of the Neurovascular Unit
  • Peripheral blood factors
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Neurodegenerative Disease

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 9215 KiB  
Article
Donepezil Regulates LPS and Aβ-Stimulated Neuroinflammation through MAPK/NLRP3 Inflammasome/STAT3 Signaling
by Jieun Kim, Hyun-ju Lee, Seon Kyeong Park, Jin-Hee Park, Ha-Ram Jeong, Soojung Lee, Heeyong Lee, Eunyoung Seol and Hyang-Sook Hoe
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(19), 10637; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms221910637 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 5920
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil and rivastigmine have been used as therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but their effects on LPS- and Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory responses and the underlying molecular pathways have not been studied in detail in vitro and in vivo. In the [...] Read more.
The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil and rivastigmine have been used as therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but their effects on LPS- and Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory responses and the underlying molecular pathways have not been studied in detail in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we found that 10 or 50 μM donepezil significantly decreased the LPS-induced increases in the mRNA levels of a number of proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglial cells, whereas 50 μM rivastigmine significantly diminished only LPS-stimulated IL-6 mRNA levels. In subsequent experiments in primary astrocytes, donepezil suppressed only LPS-stimulated iNOS mRNA levels. To identify the molecular mechanisms by which donepezil regulates LPS-induced neuroinflammation, we examined whether donepezil alters LPS-stimulated proinflammatory responses by modulating LPS-induced downstream signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly, we found that donepezil suppressed LPS-induced AKT/MAPK signaling, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and transcription factor NF-kB/STAT3 phosphorylation to reduce neuroinflammatory responses. In LPS-treated wild-type mice, a model of neuroinflammatory disease, donepezil significantly attenuated LPS-induced microglial activation, microglial density/morphology, and proinflammatory cytokine COX-2 and IL-6 levels. In a mouse model of AD (5xFAD mice), donepezil significantly reduced Aβ-induced microglial and astrocytic activation, density, and morphology. Taken together, our findings indicate that donepezil significantly downregulates LPS- and Aβ-evoked neuroinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo and may be a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammation-associated diseases such as AD. Full article
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