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Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2022) | Viewed by 14009

Special Issue Editor

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
Interests: toxicology; nanotoxicology; prevention of occupational diseases and chemical-related diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

An extensive development of chemical industry and nanotechnologies, and the use and practical application of nanomaterials in engineering and medicine in modern conditions, require research activities to assess the health of the population exposed to adverse environmental and, mainly, occupational factors. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms, especially at the molecular and genetic level of environmental-related and occupational diseases. Moreover, it is required to develop predictive diagnostic techniques and identify the identification of premorbid conditions. It is also worth noting that preventive, curative and rehabilitative actions are the most pressing challenges today. These tasks are being solved worldwide at an increasing rate.

As a guest editor of the IJMS Special Issue "Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases", I look forward to the scientific papers in the fields of toxicology, nanotoxicology and the prevention of occupational diseases. This Special Issue will contain experimental toxicity studies on “in vivo”, “”in vitro”, “in silico” models, as well as the prevention of this toxicity. Papers concerning the mechanisms of the toxic action of chemicals (including in nanoform) are welcomed. We welcome studies in the following forms: original research articles, reviews, perspectives/opinions, and methodological articles.

Dr. Marina P. Sutunkova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • toxicology
  • nanotoxicology
  • occupational diseases
  • experimental studies
  • preventive treatment

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 192 KiB  
Editorial
Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases Related to Chemical Exposure
by Marina P. Sutunkova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9201; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23169201 - 16 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1283
Abstract
The Special Issue “Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases” of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences includes six articles presenting the results of recent experimental studies in the fields of toxicology, nanotoxicology, and occupational health [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

19 pages, 6147 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Acetic Acid on Measuring Ethanol Concentrations in Water and Human Serum Using Short-Wave Infrared Spectroscopy
by Szymon Paprocki, Meha Qassem and Panicos A. Kyriacou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2980; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24032980 - 03 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1250
Abstract
Ethanol intoxication, although an elemental part of life in many places around the world, still presents several issues associated with excessive consumption. These issues range from drunk driving, violence, and antisocial behavior to self-harm, all exerting an increased cost on the society. Monitoring [...] Read more.
Ethanol intoxication, although an elemental part of life in many places around the world, still presents several issues associated with excessive consumption. These issues range from drunk driving, violence, and antisocial behavior to self-harm, all exerting an increased cost on the society. Monitoring of intoxication levels can help to limit the impact of these issues by preventing the use of automobiles or heavy machinery and personal monitoring. Previous works on noninvasive measurement of ethanol tissue concentration for estimation of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) performed worst during the first hour of intoxication. Gas chromatography research of intoxication shows that levels of acetic acid rise together at a similar rate as those of ethanol after initial imbibement. In this research, short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy was utilized with the aim of establishing the interaction between ethanol and acetic acid in water and serum mixtures. The most consistent and clear correlation between ethanol and acetic acid was recorded at 2262 and 2302 nm wavelengths. Partial least-squares (PLS) analysis indicates that the most effective region for consideration in measurement of ethanol is the therapeutic window four (IV) due to high variance in vibration of carbon bonds. The behavior of spectra at different concentration ranges was examined and described in detail in relation to the consequence of alcohol measurement. The investigation concluded that ethanol shows distinctive regions of absorbance at wavelengths of 2262 and 2302 nm, with variations arising from increasing concentrations of acetic acid, whilst also showing that therapeutic window four is amongst the most influential regions of the spectrum for SWIR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases)
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18 pages, 4169 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Cardiotoxic Effects of Lead Intoxication in Rats Induced by Muscular Exercise
by Svetlana V. Klinova, Ilzira A. Minigalieva, Yuri L. Protsenko, Marina P. Sutunkova, Vladimir B. Gurvich, Julia V. Ryabova, Irene E. Valamina, Oksana P. Gerzen, Salavat R. Nabiev, Alexander A. Balakin, Oleg N. Lookin, Ruslan V. Lisin, Daniil A. Kuznetsov, Larisa I. Privalova, Vladimir G. Panov, Leonid B. Katsnelson, Larisa V. Nikitina and Boris A. Katsnelson
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4417; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23084417 - 16 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Exposure to lead is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Outbred white male rats were injected with lead acetate intraperitoneally three times a week and/or were forced to run at a speed of 25 m/min for 10 min 5 days a [...] Read more.
Exposure to lead is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Outbred white male rats were injected with lead acetate intraperitoneally three times a week and/or were forced to run at a speed of 25 m/min for 10 min 5 days a week. We performed noninvasive recording of arterial pressure, electrocardiogram and breathing parameters, and assessed some biochemical characteristics. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to determine the ratio of myosin heavy chains. An in vitro motility assay was employed to measure the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments on myosin. Isolated multicellular preparations of the right ventricle myocardium were used to study contractility in isometric and physiological modes of contraction. Exercise under lead intoxication normalized the level of calcium and activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme in the blood serum, normalized the isoelectric line voltage and T-wave amplitude on the electrocardiogram, increased the level of creatine kinase-MB and reduced the inspiratory rate. Additionally, the maximum sliding velocity and the myosin heavy chain ratio were partly normalized. The effect of exercise under lead intoxication on myocardial contractility was found to be variable. In toto, muscular loading was found to attenuate the effects of lead intoxication, as judged by the indicators of the cardiovascular system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases)
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14 pages, 3069 KiB  
Article
Experimental Testing of an Approach to Establishing Combined Toxicity of Ternary Nanoparticle Mixtures
by Ilzira A. Minigalieva, Vladimir G. Panov, Vladimir B. Gurvich, Larisa I. Privalova, Svetlana V. Klinova and Boris A. Katsnelson
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4356; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23084356 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1267
Abstract
Our studies of exposure to binary mixtures of nanoparticles (TiO2 + SiO2; TiO2 + Al2O3 and SiO2 + Al2O3) based on mathematical modelling show that their combined subchronic toxicity can either [...] Read more.
Our studies of exposure to binary mixtures of nanoparticles (TiO2 + SiO2; TiO2 + Al2O3 and SiO2 + Al2O3) based on mathematical modelling show that their combined subchronic toxicity can either be of an additive type or deviate from it depending on the outcome, dose ratio, and levels of effect. To characterize the type of toxicity of ternary mixtures of nanoparticles, we successfully tested a previously developed approach for assessing the combined toxicity of metal ions. In this approach, the effects are classified by a null, positive, or negative change in the toxicity of binary nanoparticle mixtures when modeled against the toxicity of the third agent added. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases)
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33 pages, 39936 KiB  
Article
The Acute Toxicity of Mineral Fibres: A Systematic In Vitro Study Using Different THP-1 Macrophage Phenotypes
by Serena Mirata, Vanessa Almonti, Dario Di Giuseppe, Laura Fornasini, Simona Raneri, Stefania Vernazza, Danilo Bersani, Alessandro F. Gualtieri, Anna Maria Bassi and Sonia Scarfì
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2840; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23052840 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2217
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are the first line of defence against detrimental inhaled stimuli. To date, no comparative data have been obtained on the inflammatory response induced by different carcinogenic mineral fibres in the three main macrophage phenotypes: M0 (non-activated), M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (alternatively [...] Read more.
Alveolar macrophages are the first line of defence against detrimental inhaled stimuli. To date, no comparative data have been obtained on the inflammatory response induced by different carcinogenic mineral fibres in the three main macrophage phenotypes: M0 (non-activated), M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (alternatively activated). To gain new insights into the different toxicity mechanisms of carcinogenic mineral fibres, the acute effects of fibrous erionite, crocidolite and chrysotile in the three phenotypes obtained by THP-1 monocyte differentiation were investigated. The three mineral fibres apparently act by different toxicity mechanisms. Crocidolite seems to exert its toxic effects mostly as a result of its biodurability, ROS and cytokine production and DNA damage. Chrysotile, due to its low biodurability, displays toxic effects related to the release of toxic metals and the production of ROS and cytokines. Other mechanisms are involved in explaining the toxicity of biodurable fibrous erionite, which induces lower ROS and toxic metal release but exhibits a cation-exchange capacity able to alter the intracellular homeostasis of important cations. Concerning the differences among the three macrophage phenotypes, similar behaviour in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators was observed. The M2 phenotype, although known as a cell type recruited to mitigate the inflammatory state, in the case of asbestos fibres and erionite, serves to support the process by supplying pro-inflammatory mediators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases)
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19 pages, 2609 KiB  
Article
Individual and Binary Mixture Toxicity of Five Nanoparticles in Marine Microalga Heterosigma akashiwo
by Konstantin Pikula, Seyed Ali Johari, Ralph Santos-Oliveira and Kirill Golokhvast
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(2), 990; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23020990 - 17 Jan 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
The investigation of the combined toxic action of different types of nanoparticles (NPs) and their interaction between each other and with aquatic organisms is an important problem of modern ecotoxicology. In this study, we assessed the individual and mixture toxicities of cadmium and [...] Read more.
The investigation of the combined toxic action of different types of nanoparticles (NPs) and their interaction between each other and with aquatic organisms is an important problem of modern ecotoxicology. In this study, we assessed the individual and mixture toxicities of cadmium and zinc sulfides (CdS and ZnS), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and two types of mesoporous silicon dioxide (with no inclusions (SMB3) and with metal inclusions (SMB24)) by a microalga growth inhibition bioassay. The counting and size measurement of microalga cells and NPs were performed by flow cytometry. The biochemical endpoints were measured by a UV-VIS microplate spectrophotometer. The highest toxicity was observed for SMB24 (EC50, 3.6 mg/L) and CdS (EC50, 21.3 mg/L). A combined toxicity bioassay demonstrated that TiO2 and the SMB3 NPs had a synergistic toxic effect in combinations with all the tested samples except SMB24, probably caused by a “Trojan horse effect”. Sample SMB24 had antagonistic toxic action with CdS and ZnS, which was probably caused by metal ion scavenging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases)
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15 pages, 2504 KiB  
Article
Exposure of Toluene Diisocyanate Induces DUSP6 and p53 through Activation of TRPA1 Receptor
by Soee Kim, Min Kim and Jung-Suk Sung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 517; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23010517 - 04 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1863
Abstract
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a major intermediate agent used in the manufacturing industry, causes respiratory symptoms when exposed to the human body. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of TDI toxicity. To investigate the impact of TDI exposure on global [...] Read more.
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a major intermediate agent used in the manufacturing industry, causes respiratory symptoms when exposed to the human body. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of TDI toxicity. To investigate the impact of TDI exposure on global gene expression, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) after TDI treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were sorted and used for clustering and network analysis. Among DEGs, dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) was one of the genes significantly changed by TDI exposure. To verify the expression level of DUSP6 and its effect on lung cells, the mRNA and protein levels of DUSP6 were analyzed. Our results showed that DUSP6 was dose-dependently upregulated by TDI treatment. Thereby, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, one of the direct inhibitory targets of DUSP6, was decreased. TDI exposure also increased the mRNA level of p53 along with its protein and activity which trans-activates DUSP6. Since TRPA1 is known as a signal integrator activated by TDI, we analyzed the relevance of TRPA1 receptor in DUSP6 regulation. Our data revealed that up-regulation of DUSP6 mediated by TDI was blocked by a specific antagonist against TRPA1. TDI exposure attenuated the apoptotic response, which suggests that it promotes the survival of cancerous cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that TDI induces DUSP6 and p53, but attenuates ERK1/2 activity through TRPA1 receptor activation, leading to cytotoxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases)
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11 pages, 5811 KiB  
Article
Comparative Assessment of Silver Nanocomposites’ Biological Effects on the Natural and Synthetic Matrix
by Mikhail A. Novikov, Eugeniy A. Titov, Larisa M. Sosedova, Viktor S. Rukavishnikov, Vera A. Vokina and Oleg L. Lakhman
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(24), 13257; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms222413257 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1511
Abstract
The aim of our investigation was to make a comparative assessment of the biological effects of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in a natural and synthetic polymer matrix. We carried out a comparative assessment of the biological effect of silver nanocomposites on natural (arabinogalactan) and [...] Read more.
The aim of our investigation was to make a comparative assessment of the biological effects of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in a natural and synthetic polymer matrix. We carried out a comparative assessment of the biological effect of silver nanocomposites on natural (arabinogalactan) and synthetic (poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) matrices. We used 144 three-month-old white outbred male rats, which were divided into six groups. Substances were administered orally for 9 days at a dose 500 μg/kg. Twelve rats from each group were withdrawn from the experiment immediately after nine days of exposure (early period), and the remaining 12 rats were withdrawn from the experiment 6 months after the end of the nine-day exposure (long-term period). We investigated the parietal–temporal area of the cerebral cortex using histological (morphological assessments of nervous tissue), electron microscopic (calculation of mitochondrial areas and assessment of the quality of the cell nucleus), and immunohistochemical methods (study of the expression of proteins regulating apoptosis bcl-2 and caspase 3). We found that the effect of the nanocomposite on the arabinogalactan matrix causes a disturbance in the nervous tissue structure, an increase in the area of mitochondria, a disturbance of the structure of nerve cells, and activation of the process of apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicology, Nanotoxicology and Occupational Diseases)
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