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Ovarian Diseases and Dysfunction
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Ovarian Diseases and Dysfunction

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 11203

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. SiHyun Cho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Interests: endometriosis; miRNAs; uterine fibroids and adenomyosis
Prof. Dr. Jung Ryeol Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
Interests: fertility preservation; regeneration of reproductive organs
Prof. Dr. Young Sik Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical science departments, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Interests: infertility; assisted reproductive technology; reproductive endocrinology; polycystic ovary syndrome; regenerative medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ovary is one of the most dynamic and dramatic organs in the female body. It plays an essential role in human reproduction, with the main functions of steroid hormone and egg production. This can only be achieved by the synchronized interactions of various hormones in the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis at the appropriate time and place with appropriate quantities. Throughout female reproductive years, the ovaries work vigorously to achieve ovulation and tissue repair processes, ultimately becoming the first organ to age and become vulnerable to external stimulus. Damage to ovarian function can be devastating, leading to infertility and menopause.

We are now facing an era of slowing the ovary aging process and preserving fertility for future use. This Special Issue aims to focus on basic and translational research, as well as molecular and hormonal evidence, toward obtaining a more comprehensive understating of the pathophysiology of various ovarian diseases and dysfunctions that are related to fertility and/or metabolic/endocrine conditions and fertility preservation. Original research articles as well as mini and full reviews, including perspectives, are encouraged to shed light on the advances in the field of ovarian dysfunction and preservation.

Prof. Dr. SiHyun Cho
Prof. Dr. Jung Ryeol Lee
Prof. Dr. Young Sik Choi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ovarian Endometriosis
  • Fertility Preservation
  • Premature Ovarian Failure
  • Ovulatory Disorder
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  • Ovarian Reserve
  • Biomarkers
  • Ovarian Folliculogenesis
  • Ovarian Steroidogenesis
  • Regenerative Medicine

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1951 KiB  
Article
Reduced Endothelin-2 and Hypoxic Signaling Pathways in Granulosa-Lutein Cells of PCOS Women
by Magdalena Szymanska, Ketan Shrestha, Eliezer Girsh, Avi Harlev, Iris Eisenberg, Tal Imbar and Rina Meidan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 8216; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22158216 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2221
Abstract
Granulosa-lutein cells (GLCs) from PCOS women display reduced HIF-1α and EDN2 levels, suggesting their role in PCOS etiology. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in aberrant EDN2 expression in PCOS, and its association with HIF-1α. Various HIF-1α-dependent factors were studied in [...] Read more.
Granulosa-lutein cells (GLCs) from PCOS women display reduced HIF-1α and EDN2 levels, suggesting their role in PCOS etiology. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in aberrant EDN2 expression in PCOS, and its association with HIF-1α. Various HIF-1α-dependent factors were studied in GLCs from PCOS and compared to normally ovulating women. MicroRNA-210 (miR-210), its target genes (SDHD and GPD1L), and HIF-1α-responsive genes (EDN2 and VEGFA) differed in GLCs from PCOS, compared with those of healthy women. Levels of miR-210—designated hypoxiamiR—and EDN2 were reduced in the PCOS GLCs; concomitantly, GPD1L and SDHD levels were elevated. Cultured GLCs retained low EDN2 expression and had low HIF-1α levels, providing evidence for a disrupted hypoxic response in the PCOS GLCs. However, VEGFA expression was elevated in these cells. Next, miR-210 levels were manipulated. miR-210-mimic stimulated EDN2 twice as much as the miR-NC-transfected cells, whereas miR-210-inhibitor diminished EDN2, emphasizing the importance of hypoxiamiR for EDN2 induction. Intriguingly, VEGFA transcripts were reduced by both miR-210-mimic and -inhibitor, demonstrating that EDN2 and VEGFA are distinctly regulated. Disrupted hypoxic response in the GLCs of periovulatory follicles in PCOS women may play a role in ovulation failure, and in the reduced fertility prevalent in this syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Diseases and Dysfunction)
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12 pages, 1815 KiB  
Article
Increased Expression of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Ovarian Endometrioma and Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
by Jae Chul Lee, Sung Hoon Kim, Young Sang Oh, Ju Hee Kim, Sa Ra Lee and Hee Dong Chae
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5827; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22115827 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2749
Abstract
Although endometriosis is a benign disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterus, ectopic endometrial cells can exhibit malignant biological behaviors. Retinol-binding protein4 (RBP4) is a novel adipocyte-derived cytokine, which has important roles in regulating insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. [...] Read more.
Although endometriosis is a benign disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterus, ectopic endometrial cells can exhibit malignant biological behaviors. Retinol-binding protein4 (RBP4) is a novel adipocyte-derived cytokine, which has important roles in regulating insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. RBP4 is a potent modulator of gene transcription, and acts by directly controlling cell growth, invasiveness, proliferation and differentiation. Here, we evaluated the possible role of RBP4 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We compared the levels of RBP4 in the tissues and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with and without endometriosis and evaluated the in vitro effects of RBP4 on the viability, invasiveness, and proliferation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). RBP4 levels were significantly higher in the PF of the women in the endometriosis group than in the controls. RBP4 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the ovarian endometriomas of women with advanced stage endometriosis than those of controls. In vitro treatment with human recombinant-RBP4 significantly increased the viability, bromodeoxyuridine expression, and invasiveness of ESCs. Transfection with RBP4 siRNA significantly reduced ESC viability and invasiveness. These findings suggest that RBP4 partakes in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by increasing the viability, proliferation and invasion of endometrial cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Diseases and Dysfunction)
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13 pages, 24539 KiB  
Article
A Prepubertal Mice Model to Study the Growth Pattern of Early Ovarian Follicles
by Yingjun Chen, Qinghua Liu, Ruiyan Liu, Chan Yang, Xiaodong Wang, Zaohong Ran, Shanshan Zhou, Xiang Li and Changjiu He
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(10), 5130; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22105130 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2578
Abstract
Early folliculogenesis begins with the activation of the follicle and ends with the formation of the follicular antrum, which takes up most of the time of folliculogenesis. In this long process, follicles complete a series of developmental events, including but not limited to [...] Read more.
Early folliculogenesis begins with the activation of the follicle and ends with the formation of the follicular antrum, which takes up most of the time of folliculogenesis. In this long process, follicles complete a series of developmental events, including but not limited to granulosa cell (GC) proliferation, theca folliculi formation, and antrum formation. However, the logical or temporal sequence of these events is not entirely clear. This study demonstrated in a mouse model that completion of early folliculogenesis required a minimum of two weeks. The oocyte reached its largest size in the Type 4–5 stage, which was therefore considered as the optimum period for studying oogenesis. Postnatal days (PD) 10–12 were regarded as the crucial stage of theca folliculi formation, as Lhcgr sharply increased during this stage. PD13–15 was the rapid growth period of early follicles, which was characterized by rapid cell proliferation, the sudden emergence of the antrum, and increased Fshr expression. The ovarian morphology remained stable during PD15–21, but antrum follicles accumulated gradually. Atresia occurred at all stages, with the lowest rate in Type 3 follicles and no differences among early Type 4–6 follicles. The earliest vaginal opening was observed at PD24, almost immediately after the first growing follicular wave. Therefore, the period of PD22–23 could be considered as a suitable period for studying puberty initiation. This study objectively revealed the pattern of early folliculogenesis and provided time windows for the study of biological events in this process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Diseases and Dysfunction)
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12 pages, 4887 KiB  
Article
Altered Composition of Microbiota in Women with Ovarian Endometrioma: Microbiome Analyses of Extracellular Vesicles in the Peritoneal Fluid
by Sa-Ra Lee, Jae-Chul Lee, Sung-Hoon Kim, Young-Sang Oh, Hee-Dong Chae, Hochan Seo, Chil-Sung Kang and Tae-Seop Shin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4608; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22094608 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2690
Abstract
Human microbiota refers to living microorganisms which colonize our body and crucially contribute to the metabolism of nutrients and various physiologic functions. According to recently accumulated evidence, human microbiota dysbiosis in the genital tract or pelvic cavity could be involved in the pathogenesis [...] Read more.
Human microbiota refers to living microorganisms which colonize our body and crucially contribute to the metabolism of nutrients and various physiologic functions. According to recently accumulated evidence, human microbiota dysbiosis in the genital tract or pelvic cavity could be involved in the pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology of endometriosis. We aimed to investigate whether the composition of microbiome is altered in the peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis. We recruited 45 women with histological evidence of ovarian endometrioma and 45 surgical controls without endometriosis. Following the isolation of extracellular vesicles from peritoneal fluid samples from women with and without endometriosis, bacterial genomic DNA was sequenced using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA V3–V4 regions. Diversity analysis showed significant differences in the microbial community at phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels between the two groups. The abundance of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Enhydrobacter significantly increased while the abundance of Propionibacterium, Actinomyces, and Rothia significantly decreased in the endometriosis group compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). These findings strongly suggest that microbiome composition is altered in the peritoneal environment in women with endometriosis. Further studies are necessary to verify whether dysbiosis itself can cause establishment and/or progression of endometriosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Diseases and Dysfunction)
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