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Targeted Therapies in Cancer: Radionuclides, Multi-Omics and Nanomedicine

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 6695

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Theragnostics utilizes the same active pharmaceutical in patient selection in both in vivo diagnosis and in active therapy. This is an essential part of precision oncology, which identifies new forms of cancer and guides individual treatments. Multiomics approaches include the use of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and phenomics data to explore the complexity of a disease-associated biological network, to predict prognostic biomarkers, and to identify new targeted drugs for individual cancer patients. In this Special Issue, targeted radionuclide therapies will specifically be reviewed and new original research in this field will be presented. Similarly, new target selection in diseases without current effective management is warranted. Multidisciplinary approaches with multifunctional targeted nanomedicines combine carriers with active pharmaceuticals. These transport the drug to the target tissue and can release the payload in a controlled manner. Thus, nanomedicines that penetrate deep in cancer tissue and target specific cells have been adapted in clinical trials. All research within the abovementioned topics is welcome.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Life.

Dr. Kalevi Kairemo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • theragnostics
  • targeted drug delivery
  • nanomedicine
  • target validation
  • radionuclide therapies
  • nanoparticles
  • precision oncology
  • clinical trials

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 9093 KiB  
Article
Acid-Sphingomyelinase Triggered Fluorescently Labeled Sphingomyelin Containing Liposomes in Tumor Diagnosis after Radiation-Induced Stress
by Carola Heneweer, Tuula Peñate Medina, Robert Tower, Holger Kalthoff, Richard Kolesnick, Steven Larson and Oula Peñate Medina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(8), 3864; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22083864 - 08 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2002
Abstract
In liposomal delivery, a big question is how to release the loaded material into the correct place. Here, we will test the targeting and release abilities of our sphingomyelin-consisting liposome. A change in release parameters can be observed when sphingomyelin-containing liposome is treated [...] Read more.
In liposomal delivery, a big question is how to release the loaded material into the correct place. Here, we will test the targeting and release abilities of our sphingomyelin-consisting liposome. A change in release parameters can be observed when sphingomyelin-containing liposome is treated with sphingomyelinase enzyme. Sphingomyelinase is known to be endogenously released from the different cells in stress situations. We assume the effective enzyme treatment will weaken the liposome making it also leakier. To test the release abilities of the SM-liposome, we developed several fluorescence-based experiments. In in vitro studies, we used molecular quenching to study the sphingomyelinase enzyme-based release from the liposomes. We could show that the enzyme treatment releases loaded fluorescent markers from sphingomyelin-containing liposomes. Moreover, the release correlated with used enzymatic activities. We studied whether the stress-related enzyme expression is increased if the cells are treated with radiation as a stress inducer. It appeared that the radiation caused increased enzymatic activity. We studied our liposomes’ biodistribution in the animal tumor model when the tumor was under radiation stress. Increased targeting of the fluorescent marker loaded to our liposomes could be found on the site of cancer. The liposomal targeting in vivo could be improved by radiation. Based on our studies, we propose sphingomyelin-containing liposomes can be used as a controlled release system sensitive to cell stress. Full article
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Review

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31 pages, 2506 KiB  
Review
Immune Checkpoints, Inhibitors and Radionuclides in Prostate Cancer: Promising Combinatorial Therapy Approach
by Mankgopo M. Kgatle, Tebatso M. G. Boshomane, Ismaheel O. Lawal, Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala, Neo P. Mokgoro, Nico Lourens, Kalevo Kairemo, Jan Rijn Zeevaart, Mariza Vorster and Mike M. Sathekge
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(8), 4109; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22084109 - 15 Apr 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4010
Abstract
Emerging research demonstrates that co-inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) remain the most promising immunotherapy targets in various malignancies. Nonetheless, ICIs have offered insignificant clinical benefits in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) especially when they are used as monotherapies. Current existing PCa treatment [...] Read more.
Emerging research demonstrates that co-inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) remain the most promising immunotherapy targets in various malignancies. Nonetheless, ICIs have offered insignificant clinical benefits in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) especially when they are used as monotherapies. Current existing PCa treatment initially offers an improved clinical outcome and overall survival (OS), however, after a while the treatment becomes resistant leading to aggressive and uncontrolled disease associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Concurrent combination of the ICIs with radionuclides therapy that has rapidly emerged as safe and effective targeted approach for treating PCa patients may shift the paradigm of PCa treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the contextual contribution of old and new emerging inhibitory ICs in PCa, preclinical and clinical studies supporting the use of these ICs in treating PCa patients. Furthermore, we will also describe the potential of using a combinatory approach of ICIs and radionuclides therapy in treating PCa patients to enhance efficacy, durable cancer control and OS. The inhibitory ICs considered in this review are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), T cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) and B7-H4. Full article
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