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Solitary Fibrous Tumors: Diagnosis, Classification and Therapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 3387

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain and Pathology Department, Hospital Quironsalud, 46003 Valencia, Spain
Interests: bone and soft tissue tumor; solitary fibrous tumor; ewing sarcoma; round cell sarcomas; gastrointestinal pathology

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Guest Editor
Emeritus Professor University of Valencia, Pathology Department, Valencia, Spain
Interests: bone and soft tissue tumor; solitary fibrous tumor; Ewing sarcoma; Round cell sarcomas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are a rare type of mesenchymal lesion characterized by NAB2STAT6 gene fusion. The clinical evolution of SFT remains unclear, and while various clinical, morphological, and molecular criteria may indicate increased risk of malignancy, some SFTs can still progress despite having a clearly benign morphological appearance. Despite the various risk stratification systems proposed, it remains difficult to precisely determine the malignant potential in all cases.

Nowadays, major challenges still to be resolved concerning SFTs are new pathological and molecular factors predictive of recurrence/metastasis, new therapeutic targets of metastatic disease, and the identification of consistent prognostic markers. Over the last few years, new technologies have assisted in dissecting the molecular basis and mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of SFT. Nevertheless, these discoveries have not yet been systematically introduced into routine pathological diagnosis.

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences on Solitary Fibrous Tumors: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, and Advances in Molecular Biology and Targeted Therapy aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the molecular landscape of SFT, including the correlation between molecular factors, histological findings, and risk stratification systems. The second goal is to describe novel targeted therapeutic approaches, and the potential advantages of molecular profiling for the clinical management of patients.

Dr. Isidro Machado
Prof. Antonio Llombart-Bosch
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • solitary fibrous tumor
  • molecular factor

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 2269 KiB  
Article
Solitary Fibrous Tumor: Integration of Clinical, Morphologic, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Findings in Risk Stratification and Classification May Better Predict Patient outcome
by Isidro Machado, María Gema Nieto Morales, Julia Cruz, Javier Lavernia, Francisco Giner, Samuel Navarro, Antonio Ferrandez and Antonio Llombart-Bosch
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9423; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22179423 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2920
Abstract
Although solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) have an unpredictable evolution, some specific clinicopathologic factors have been associated with the final outcome. We retrieved clinical, pathological and molecular data of 97 patients with a histological diagnosis of SFT and Signal transducer and activator of transcription [...] Read more.
Although solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) have an unpredictable evolution, some specific clinicopathologic factors have been associated with the final outcome. We retrieved clinical, pathological and molecular data of 97 patients with a histological diagnosis of SFT and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) positivity. We retrospectively studied the pathological factors predictive of recurrence/metastasis and compared them with the clinical outcome. A wide immunohistochemical study and molecular analysis to detect NAB2/STAT6 gene fusion, tumor protein-53 (TP53) and/or (telomerase reverse transcriptase) TERT promotor mutation were performed. The risk of metastasis was calculated using the Demicco risk stratification system (RSS). The results were combined and examined to assess the accuracy of risk stratification and classification. The most common location was in non-extremities; 66% were located in soft tissue or subcutaneous areas and 92.8% in deep locations. On microscopic analysis, 38.1% of tumors revealed hypercellularity with a predominant patternless and/or hemangiopericytic growth pattern; 13.4% had ≥4 mitoses/10HPF; 16.5% showed necrosis, and almost half the tumors showed at least focal myxoid areas. Dedifferentiation was observed in three tumors. Immunomarker expression in SFTs was as follows: CD34 92.9%, CD99 57.1%, Bcl2 67.9%, neuroendocrine markers (at least 1) 25.7%, Desmin 14.3%, CK(AE1/AE3) 3%, Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor (APAF-1) 87% and finally Ki-67 ≥ 10% in 14.4%. The NAB2/STAT6 gene fusion was detected in 50 tumors. After a median follow-up of 90 months, 9.3% recurred, 11.3% metastasized, 10.3% died of disease and 76.2% were free of disease. TERT mutations were detected in 40.6% of the SFTs; the TP53 mutation was detected in 17%, and only 9.3% showed both mutations. According to the Demicco RSS, 6.1%, 11.3% and 82.4% of the tumors were classified as high, intermediate or low-risk of metastasis, respectively. All high-risk tumors had ≥4 mitoses/10HPF, necrosis, Ki-67 ≥ 10, HTER and/or TP53 mutation and poor evolution. The intermediate risk SFTs with worse evolution displayed the HTER mutation. Almost all low-risk tumors had a favorable evolution, although four showed at least one adverse factor (Ki-67 ≥ 10, ≥4 mitoses/10HPF or high tumor size) and had a worse evolution. An integration of clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular findings may improve risk stratification and classification and better predict patient outcome. The unfavorable course seems to be more frequent in high-risk SFTs, although it is not exceptional in low-risk SFTs either; hence, a long-term follow-up is required independently of the assigned risk stratification score. The inclusion of molecular findings in risk stratification systems could improve the precision in the classification of SFTs, especially those of intermediate risk. Future studies will be required to determine the most effective way to incorporate molecular analyses into RSS on SFTs. The coexistence of several adverse factors such as ≥4 mitoses/10HPF, necrosis, Ki-67 ≥ 10%, mutations in HTER and/or p53 may suggest a closer clinical follow-up regardless of the histological appearance of the tumor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solitary Fibrous Tumors: Diagnosis, Classification and Therapy)
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