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Molecular and Biochemical Aspects in Burns
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Molecular and Biochemical Aspects in Burns

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 26944

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Maria Greabu

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: dental biochemistry; oxidative stress in systemic and oral diseases; salivary biomarkers; AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; molecular and biochemical aspects in burns
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The treatment of burns presents huge challenges during both the acute and chronic phases. During the last two decades, important steps have been made regarding knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that govern the reaction of the human body when subject to severe burns. Better understanding of these phenomena are reflected in improved intensive care and surgical treatment, which have resulted in increased survival in severely burned patients.

In severe burns, the systemic inflammatory response is correlated with the metabolic response, and deeper research is needed regarding the intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways that underlie the biochemical alterations. Better knowledge of these aspects might propel the medical community toward new and more effective treatments.

Prof. Dr. Maria Greabu
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 9653 KiB  
Article
miRNAs as Regulators of the Early Local Response to Burn Injuries
by Ines Foessl, Christoph Walter Haudum, Ivan Vidakovic, Ruth Prassl, Joakim Franz, Selma I. Mautner, Sonja Kainz, Elisabeth Hofmann, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Thomas Birngruber and Petra Kotzbeck
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9209; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22179209 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2339
Abstract
In burn injuries, risk factors and limitations to treatment success are difficult to assess clinically. However, local cellular responses are characterized by specific gene-expression patterns. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression on a posttranscriptional level. Secreted through exosome-like vesicles [...] Read more.
In burn injuries, risk factors and limitations to treatment success are difficult to assess clinically. However, local cellular responses are characterized by specific gene-expression patterns. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression on a posttranscriptional level. Secreted through exosome-like vesicles (ELV), miRNAs are intracellular signalers and epigenetic regulators. To date, their role in the regulation of the early burn response remains unclear. Here, we identified 43 miRNAs as potential regulators of the early burn response through the bioinformatics analysis of an existing dataset. We used an established human ex vivo skin model of a deep partial-thickness burn to characterize ELVs and miRNAs in dermal interstitial fluid (dISF). Moreover, we identified miR-497-5p as stably downregulated in tissue and dISF in the early phase after a burn injury. MiR-218-5p and miR-212-3p were downregulated in dISF, but not in tissue. Target genes of the miRNAs were mainly upregulated in tissue post-burn. The altered levels of miRNAs in dISF of thermally injured skin mark them as new biomarker candidates for burn injuries. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report miRNAs altered in the dISF in the early phase of deep partial-thickness burns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Biochemical Aspects in Burns)
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Review

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29 pages, 3387 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Natural Compounds for Wound Healing: Targeting Bioactivity Perspective
by Xuan-Tung Trinh, Nguyen-Van Long, Le Thi Van Anh, Pham Thi Nga, Nguyen Ngan Giang, Pham Ngoc Chien, Sun-Young Nam and Chan-Yeong Heo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9573; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23179573 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7153
Abstract
Wound healing is a recovering process of damaged tissues by replacing dysfunctional injured cellular structures. Natural compounds for wound treatment have been widely used for centuries. Numerous published works provided reviews of natural compounds for wound healing applications, which separated the approaches based [...] Read more.
Wound healing is a recovering process of damaged tissues by replacing dysfunctional injured cellular structures. Natural compounds for wound treatment have been widely used for centuries. Numerous published works provided reviews of natural compounds for wound healing applications, which separated the approaches based on different categories such as characteristics, bioactivities, and modes of action. However, current studies provide reviews of natural compounds that originated from only plants or animals. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review of natural compounds sourced from both plants and animals that target the different bioactivities of healing to promote wound resolution. The compounds were classified into four main groups (i.e., anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and collagen promotion), mostly studied in current literature from 1992 to 2022. Those compounds are listed in tables for readers to search for their origin, bioactivity, and targeting phases in wound healing. We also reviewed the trend in using natural compounds for wound healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Biochemical Aspects in Burns)
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19 pages, 1130 KiB  
Review
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Burn-Associated Acute Kidney Injury—A New Paradigm?
by Dan Mircea Enescu, Sorin Viorel Parasca, Silviu Constantin Badoiu, Daniela Miricescu, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu, Maria Greabu and Viorel Jinga
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2470; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23052470 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2621
Abstract
O2 deprivation induces stress in living cells linked to free-radical accumulation and oxidative stress (OS) development. Hypoxia is established when the overall oxygen pressure is less than 40 mmHg in cells or tissues. However, tissues and cells have different degrees of hypoxia. [...] Read more.
O2 deprivation induces stress in living cells linked to free-radical accumulation and oxidative stress (OS) development. Hypoxia is established when the overall oxygen pressure is less than 40 mmHg in cells or tissues. However, tissues and cells have different degrees of hypoxia. Hypoxia or low O2 tension may be present in both physiological (during embryonic development) and pathological circumstances (ischemia, wound healing, and cancer). Meanwhile, the kidneys are major energy-consuming organs, being second only to the heart, with an increased mitochondrial content and O2 consumption. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key players that orchestrate the mammalian response to hypoxia. HIFs adapt cells to low oxygen concentrations by regulating transcriptional programs involved in erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and metabolism. On the other hand, one of the life-threatening complications of severe burns is acute kidney injury (AKI). The dreaded functional consequence of AKI is an acute decline in renal function. Taking all these aspects into consideration, the aim of this review is to describe the role and underline the importance of HIFs in the development of AKI in patients with severe burns, because kidney hypoxia is constant in the presence of severe burns, and HIFs are major players in the adaptative response of all tissues to hypoxia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Biochemical Aspects in Burns)
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20 pages, 1872 KiB  
Review
Drugs Interfering with Insulin Resistance and Their Influence on the Associated Hypermetabolic State in Severe Burns: A Narrative Review
by Maria Greabu, Silviu Constantin Badoiu, Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu, Daniela Miricescu, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Silvia Elena Badoiu, Michel Costagliola and Viorel Jinga
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(18), 9782; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22189782 - 10 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3408
Abstract
It has become widely accepted that insulin resistance and glucose hypermetabolism can be linked to acute pathologies, such as burn injury, severe trauma, or sepsis. Severe burns can determine a significant increase in catabolism, having an important effect on glucose metabolism and on [...] Read more.
It has become widely accepted that insulin resistance and glucose hypermetabolism can be linked to acute pathologies, such as burn injury, severe trauma, or sepsis. Severe burns can determine a significant increase in catabolism, having an important effect on glucose metabolism and on muscle protein metabolism. It is imperative to acknowledge that these alterations can lead to increased mortality through organ failure, even when the patients survive the initial trauma caused by the burn. By limiting the peripheral use of glucose with consequent hyperglycemia, insulin resistance determines compensatory increased levels of insulin in plasma. However, the significant alterations in cellular metabolism lead to a lack of response to insulin’s anabolic functions, as well as to a decrease in its cytoprotective role. In the end, via pathological insulin signaling associated with increased liver gluconeogenesis, elevated levels of glucose are detected in the blood. Several cellular mechanisms have been incriminated in the development of insulin resistance in burns. In this context, the main aim of this review article is to summarize some of the drugs that might interfere with insulin resistance in burns, taking into consideration that such an approach can significantly improve the prognosis of the burned patient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Biochemical Aspects in Burns)
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21 pages, 1222 KiB  
Review
Growth Factors, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metformin—Promoters of the Wound Healing Process in Burns?
by Daniela Miricescu, Silviu Constantin Badoiu, Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Constantin Stefani and Maria Greabu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9512; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22179512 - 01 Sep 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5172
Abstract
Burns can be caused by various factors and have an increased risk of infection that can seriously delay the wound healing process. Chronic wounds caused by burns represent a major health problem. Wound healing is a complex process, orchestrated by cytokines, growth factors, [...] Read more.
Burns can be caused by various factors and have an increased risk of infection that can seriously delay the wound healing process. Chronic wounds caused by burns represent a major health problem. Wound healing is a complex process, orchestrated by cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, free radicals, clotting factors, and nitric oxide. Growth factors released during this process are involved in cell growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Reactive oxygen species are released in acute and chronic burn injuries and play key roles in healing and regeneration. The main aim of this review is to present the roles of growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and metformin in the healing process of burn injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Biochemical Aspects in Burns)
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24 pages, 110149 KiB  
Review
Glucose Metabolism in Burns—What Happens?
by Silviu Constantin Badoiu, Daniela Miricescu, Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Silvia Elena Badoiu, Michel Costagliola and Maria Greabu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(10), 5159; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22105159 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5194
Abstract
Severe burns represent an important challenge for patients and medical teams. They lead to profound metabolic alterations, trigger a systemic inflammatory response, crush the immune defense, impair the function of the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, etc. The metabolism is shifted towards a hypermetabolic [...] Read more.
Severe burns represent an important challenge for patients and medical teams. They lead to profound metabolic alterations, trigger a systemic inflammatory response, crush the immune defense, impair the function of the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, etc. The metabolism is shifted towards a hypermetabolic state, and this situation might persist for years after the burn, having deleterious consequences for the patient’s health. Severely burned patients lack energy substrates and react in order to produce and maintain augmented levels of glucose, which is the fuel “ready to use” by cells. In this paper, we discuss biological substances that induce a hyperglycemic response, concur to insulin resistance, and determine cell disturbance after a severe burn. We also focus on the most effective agents that provide pharmacological modulations of the changes in glucose metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Biochemical Aspects in Burns)
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