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The Influence of Genetics and Environmental Risk Factors in Cutaneous and Mucosal Neoplasms

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 18793

Special Issue Editors

Dermatology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Interests: melanoma; squamous cell carcinoma; Merkel cell carcinoma; basal cell carcinoma; mucosal neoplasms; environmental factors; genetics; molecular alterations; risk factors; drugs
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Guest Editor
1. Division of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
2. Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Interests: dermato-oncology with a specific focus on melanoma

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The influence of genetics and enviromental risk factors in cutaneous and mucosal neoplasms has been the focus of attention of many scientific investigations in the last few decades. The incidence of both cutaneous and mucosal neoplasms is constantly increasing and there is a continuous need for a better comprehension of the role of environmental and genetic risk factors. UV radiation has been considered to play an important role in photocarcinogenesis. Other exogenous environmental factors such as dietetic factors and drug intake are being currently investigated. In several skin neoplasms such as Squamous cell carcinoma or Merkel cell carcinoma the role of oncoviruses has been evaluated as a contributing factor to cancer development.

Molecular alterations represent novel diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers and therapeutic targets for skin and mucosal cancer. The enormous work highlighting somatic mutations and tumor microenvironment in skin cancers has brought to the development of new therapies and improved patients prognosis. The interaction between molecular and genetic alterations and exogenous triggers could represent a future challenge.

Original studies, reviews and research papers that highlight the pathophysiology and therapy of skin and mucosal cancers, including genetics, proteomics, metabolomics, molecular, and cell biology with correlation on exogenous and on endogenous risk factors are welcomed.

Assoc. Prof. Emi Dika
Dr. Martina Lambertini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Melanoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Mucosal neoplasms
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Merkel cell carcinoma
  • Environmental factors
  • Genetics
  • Molecular alterations
  • Risk factors
  • Drugs
  • Drug reactions

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

22 pages, 4295 KiB  
Review
Viruses and Skin Cancer
by Sara Becerril, Roberto Corchado-Cobos, Natalia García-Sancha, Leonor Revelles, David Revilla, Tatiana Ugalde, Concepción Román-Curto, Jesús Pérez-Losada and Javier Cañueto
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(10), 5399; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22105399 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4319
Abstract
Advances in virology and skin cancer over recent decades have produced achievements that have been recognized not only in the field of dermatology, but also in other areas of medicine. They have modified the therapeutic and preventive solutions that can be offered to [...] Read more.
Advances in virology and skin cancer over recent decades have produced achievements that have been recognized not only in the field of dermatology, but also in other areas of medicine. They have modified the therapeutic and preventive solutions that can be offered to some patients and represent a significant step forward in our knowledge of the biology of skin cancer. In this paper, we review the viral agents responsible for different types of skin cancer, especially for solid skin tumors. We focus on human papillomavirus and squamous cell cancers, Merkel cell polyomavirus and Merkel cell carcinoma, and human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Full article
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13 pages, 1559 KiB  
Review
Hydroa Vacciniforme and Hydroa Vacciniforme-Like Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Spectrum of Disease Phenotypes Associated with Ultraviolet Irradiation and Chronic Epstein–Barr Virus Infection
by Chien-Chin Chen, Kung-Chao Chang, L Jeffrey Medeiros and Julia Yu-Yun Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(23), 9314; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21239314 - 07 Dec 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4247
Abstract
Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a rare form of photosensitivity disorder in children and is frequently associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, whereas HV-like lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) describe a spectrum of EBV-associated T-cell or natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferations with HV-like cutaneous manifestations, including EBV-positive [...] Read more.
Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a rare form of photosensitivity disorder in children and is frequently associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, whereas HV-like lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) describe a spectrum of EBV-associated T-cell or natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferations with HV-like cutaneous manifestations, including EBV-positive HV, atypical HV, and HV-like lymphoma. Classic HV occurs in childhood with papulovesicules on sun-exposed areas, which is usually induced by sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, and mostly resolves by early adult life. Unlike classic HV, atypical or severe HV manifests itself as recurrent papulovesicular eruptions in sun-exposed and sun-protected areas associated occasionally with facial edema, fever, lymphadenopathy, oculomucosal lesions, gastrointestinal involvement, and hepatosplenomegaly. Notably, atypical or severe HV may progress to EBV-associated systemic T-cell or natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma after a chronic course. Although rare in the United States and Europe, atypical or severe HV and HV-like lymphoma are predominantly reported in children from Asia and Latin America with high EBV DNA levels, low numbers of NK cells, and T cell clones in the blood. In comparison with the conservative treatment used for patients with classic HV, systemic therapy such as immunomodulatory agents is recommended as the first-line therapy for patients with atypical or severe HV. This review aims to provide an integrated overview of current evidence and knowledge of HV and HVLPD to elucidate the pathophysiology, practical issues, environmental factors, and the impact of EBV infection. Full article
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11 pages, 661 KiB  
Review
Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
by Emi Dika, Federica Scarfì, Manuela Ferracin, Elisabetta Broseghini, Emanuela Marcelli, Barbara Bortolani, Elena Campione, Mattia Riefolo, Costantino Ricci and Martina Lambertini
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(15), 5572; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21155572 - 04 Aug 2020
Cited by 68 | Viewed by 9666
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of carcinoma worldwide. BCC development is the result of a complex interaction between environmental, phenotypic and genetic factors. However, despite the progress in the field, BCC biology and mechanisms of resistance against systemic treatments [...] Read more.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of carcinoma worldwide. BCC development is the result of a complex interaction between environmental, phenotypic and genetic factors. However, despite the progress in the field, BCC biology and mechanisms of resistance against systemic treatments have been poorly investigated. The aim of the present review is to provide a revision of BCC histological and molecular features, including microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, with a specific focus on the molecular basis of BCC systemic therapies. Papers from the last ten years regarding BCC genetic and phenotypic alterations, as well as the mechanism of resistance against hedgehog pathway inhibitors vismodegib and sonidegib were included. The involvement of miRNAs in BCC resistance to systemic therapies is emerging as a new field of knowledge. Full article
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