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The Role of Myosins in Cells

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 9217

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The myosin superfamily is a large, diverse group of actin-molecular motor proteins, involved in muscle contraction, cell motility, cytokinesis, phagocytosis, intracellular and membrane trafficking, intra- and intercellular signaling pathways, pathogenesis and cell communication.  For instance, Myosin II is required for muscle contraction, Myosin-Ic can regulate lipid rafts, an important cellular structure for cell signaling and pathogen entry.  Myosin-Va has been implicated in the transport of exosomes, while Myosin-X induces numerous cellular protrusions, including tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), and is involved in intercellular disease spread. Cell communication is the ability of cells to obtain and release messages from the environment and to adapt based on these environmental cues.  The processing of these messages often leads to the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways.  In addition, cell-to-cell communication is an essential function for single-cell organisms to coordinate with one another or for multicellular organisms during developmental differentiation, growth, cell division, and remodeling of tissues and organs.

In this Special Issue, we especially welcome any research articles that demonstrate the role of Myosins during cellular development, pathogenesis or that shed light on the molecular mechanisms and role that they play in cells by modulating intracellular signaling as well, as their role in cell-to-cell communication via secretory vesicles and/or via membrane bridges and cellular protrusions. The scope of this special issue is broad. Review articles which summarize the current state of the field are also encouraged.


Prof. Dr. Karine Gousset
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Myosins
  • Muscle contraction
  • Motility processes
  • Cytokinesis
  • Phagocytosis
  • Pathogenesis
  • Membrane trafficking
  • Cell communication
  • Extracellular vesicles
  • exosomes
  • Tunneling nanotubes
  • Membrane bridges
  • Intracellular communication
  • Intercellular communication
  • Cell signaling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

13 pages, 1724 KiB  
Review
Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Non-Muscle Contractile Tissues: The Myofibroblast and the Molecular Motor Non-Muscle Myosin Type IIA
by Yves Lecarpentier, Victor Claes, Jean-Louis Hébert, Olivier Schussler and Alexandre Vallée
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(14), 7738; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22147738 - 20 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2062
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are contractile cells found in multiple tissues. They are physiological cells as in the human placenta and can be obtained from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after differentiation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). They are also found in the stroma of cancerous [...] Read more.
Myofibroblasts are contractile cells found in multiple tissues. They are physiological cells as in the human placenta and can be obtained from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after differentiation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). They are also found in the stroma of cancerous tissues and can be located in non-muscle contractile tissues. When stimulated by an electric current or after exposure to KCl, these tissues contract. They relax either by lowering the intracellular Ca2+ concentration (by means of isosorbide dinitrate or sildenafil) or by inhibiting actin-myosin interactions (by means of 2,3-butanedione monoxime or blebbistatin). Their shortening velocity and their developed tension are dramatically low compared to those of muscles. Like sarcomeric and smooth muscles, they obey Frank-Starling’s law and exhibit the Hill hyperbolic tension-velocity relationship. The molecular motor of the myofibroblast is the non-muscle myosin type IIA (NMIIA). Its essential characteristic is the extreme slowness of its molecular kinetics. In contrast, NMIIA develops a unitary force similar to that of muscle myosins. From a thermodynamic point of view, non-muscle contractile tissues containing NMIIA operate extremely close to equilibrium in a linear stationary mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Myosins in Cells)
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14 pages, 3034 KiB  
Review
Functional Role of Non-Muscle Myosin II in Microglia: An Updated Review
by Chiara Porro, Antonio Pennella, Maria Antonietta Panaro and Teresa Trotta
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 6687; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22136687 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3098
Abstract
Myosins are a remarkable superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to translocate actin filaments and to produce force. Myosins are abundant in different types of tissues and involved in a large variety of cellular functions. Several [...] Read more.
Myosins are a remarkable superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to translocate actin filaments and to produce force. Myosins are abundant in different types of tissues and involved in a large variety of cellular functions. Several classes of the myosin superfamily are expressed in the nervous system; among them, non-muscle myosin II (NM II) is expressed in both neurons and non-neuronal brain cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia. In the nervous system, NM II modulates a variety of functions, such as vesicle transport, phagocytosis, cell migration, cell adhesion and morphology, secretion, transcription, and cytokinesis, as well as playing key roles during brain development, inflammation, repair, and myelination functions. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of recent emerging roles of NM II in resting and activated microglia cells, the principal regulators of immune processes in the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. When stimulated, microglial cells react and produce a number of mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and nitric oxide, that enhance inflammation and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of NM II could be a new therapeutic target to treat or to prevent CNS diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Myosins in Cells)
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Graphical abstract

20 pages, 2734 KiB  
Review
Myosins, an Underestimated Player in the Infectious Cycle of Pathogenic Bacteria
by Margaux Pillon and Patricia Doublet
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(2), 615; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22020615 - 09 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3314
Abstract
Myosins play a key role in many cellular processes such as cell migration, adhesion, intracellular trafficking and internalization processes, making them ideal targets for bacteria. Through selected examples, such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Neisseria, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria or Chlamydia [...] Read more.
Myosins play a key role in many cellular processes such as cell migration, adhesion, intracellular trafficking and internalization processes, making them ideal targets for bacteria. Through selected examples, such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Neisseria, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria or Chlamydia, this review aims to illustrate how bacteria target and hijack host cell myosins in order to adhere to the cell, to enter the cell by triggering their internalization, to evade from the cytosolic autonomous cell defense, to promote the biogenesis of intracellular replicative niche, to disseminate in tissues by cell-to-cell spreading, to exit out the host cell, and also to evade from macrophage phagocytosis. It highlights the diversity and sophistication of the strategy evolved by bacteria to manipulate one of their privileged targets, the actin cytoskeleton. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Myosins in Cells)
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