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Noncoding RNAs as New Instruments in the Orchestration of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy Resistance 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 5494

Special Issue Editors

Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: cell death mechanisms; microRNAs; long non coding RNAs; biomarkers; nanotechnology; drug delivery; signal transduction; target therapy; cancer; circulating tumor cells; glioblastoma; prostate cancer; hepatocellular cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: microRNAs; long non-coding RNAs; extracellular vesicles; regulation of gene expression; cell death mechanisms; cell signaling; cancer therapy; drug delivery systems; target therapy; immunotherapy; prostate cancer; colorectal cancer; glioblastoma
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key orchestrators of tumorigenesis. Recent advances in biotechnologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, genome editing, and mouse modeling, have allowed for functional studies of ncRNAs to provide new perspectives in the fight against cancer. In addition to miRNAs and lncRNAs, that play a key role in the regulation of gene expression, other novel ncRNAs, such as transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments, snoRNA-related lncRNAs (sno-lncRNAs), and circRNAs have also appeared on the radar of cancer researchers. Increasing evidence shows that ncRNAs function either as tumor suppressors or oncogenes by regulating one or several cancer hallmarks, including evading cell death, metastasis, and drug resistance. Cancer therapy resistance is a major challenge in clinics and scientific research, resulting in tumor recurrence and metastasis. The mechanisms of therapy resistance are complex and result from multiple factors. Among them, ncRNAs have been shown to regulate drug resistance by targeting drug resistance-related genes or influencing genes related to cell proliferation and cell death. Indeed, ncRNAs target and inhibit the expression of several cellular regulators, including those controlling programmed cell death via the intrinsic and extrinsic, p53-, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptotic pathways, as well as pathways of necroptosis, mitophagy, and autophagy.

This Special issue will focus on the recent advances in “Noncoding RNAs as New Instruments in the Orchestration of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy Resistance”, including new findings concerning ncRNAs that modulate apoptosis, autophagy, and other programmed cell death and cancer resistance pathways, as well as emerging data on miRNA–lncRNA interactions that affect cell death regulation and mechanisms of resistance to therapy. Current research progress on ncRNAs for clinical and/or potential translational applications, including the identification of novel therapeutic approaches for ncRNA targeting and delivery strategies, will be also appreciated. 

Dr. Silvia Zappavigna
Dr. Amalia Luce
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • regulatory ncRNAs
  • cell death mechanisms
  • cancer therapy
  • cancer resistance
  • ncRNA based-therapy
  • ncRNA deregulation
  • delivery strategies
  • miRNA/lncRNA interactions

Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 2452 KiB  
Article
Long Non-Coding RNA ANRIL as a Potential Biomarker of Chemosensitivity and Clinical Outcomes in Osteosarcoma
by Adam M. Lee, Asmaa Ferdjallah, Elise Moore, Daniel C. Kim, Aritro Nath, Emily Greengard and R. Stephanie Huang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(20), 11168; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms222011168 - 16 Oct 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1984
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has a poor prognosis due to chemo-resistance and/or metastases. Increasing evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play an important role in drug sensitivity and cancer metastasis. Using osteosarcoma cell lines, we identified a positive correlation between the expression of a [...] Read more.
Osteosarcoma has a poor prognosis due to chemo-resistance and/or metastases. Increasing evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play an important role in drug sensitivity and cancer metastasis. Using osteosarcoma cell lines, we identified a positive correlation between the expression of a lncRNA and ANRIL, and resistance to two of the three standard-of-care agents for treating osteosarcoma—cisplatin and doxorubicin. To confirm the potential role of ANRIL in chemosensitivity, we independently inhibited and over-expressed ANRIL in osteosarcoma cell lines followed by treatment with either cisplatin or doxorubicin. Knocking-down ANRIL in SAOS2 resulted in a significant increase in cellular sensitivity to both cisplatin and doxorubicin, while the over-expression of ANRIL in both HOS and U2OS cells led to an increased resistance to both agents. To investigate the clinical significance of ANRIL in osteosarcoma, we assessed ANRIL expression in relation to clinical phenotypes using the osteosarcoma data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) dataset. Higher ANRIL expression was significantly associated with increased rates of metastases at diagnosis and death and was a significant predictor of reduced overall survival rate. Collectively, our results suggest that the lncRNA ANRIL can be a chemosensitivity and prognosis biomarker in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, reducing ANRIL expression may be a therapeutic strategy to overcome current standard-of-care treatment resistance. Full article
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Review

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33 pages, 698 KiB  
Review
MicroRNA Signatures in the Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Scenario: Ready for the Game Changer?
by Alessandra Cinque, Anna Capasso, Riccardo Vago, Matteo Floris, Michael W. Lee, Roberto Minnei and Francesco Trevisani
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2602; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23052602 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents a minor subgroup of malignancies arising in the urothelium of the renal pelvis or ureter. The estimated annual incidence is around 2 cases per 100,000 people, with a mean age at diagnosis of 73 years. UTUC [...] Read more.
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents a minor subgroup of malignancies arising in the urothelium of the renal pelvis or ureter. The estimated annual incidence is around 2 cases per 100,000 people, with a mean age at diagnosis of 73 years. UTUC is more frequently diagnosed in an invasive or metastatic stage. However, even though the incidence of UTUC is not high, UTUC tends to be aggressive and rapidly progressing with a poor prognosis in some patients. A significant challenge in UTUC is ensuring accurate and timely diagnosis, which is complicated by the non-specific nature of symptoms seen at the onset of disease. Moreover, there is a lack of biomarkers capable of identifying the early presence of the malignancy and guide-tailored medical treatment. However, the growing understanding of the molecular biology underlying UTUC has led to the discovery of promising new biomarkers. Among these biomarkers, there is a class of small non-coding RNA biomarkers known as microRNAs (miRNAs) that are particularly promising. In this review, we will analyze the main characteristics of UTUC and focus on microRNAs as possible novel tools that could enter clinical practice in order to optimize the current diagnostic and prognostic algorithm. Full article
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