ijms-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 20267

Special Issue Editor

UMR6252 CIMAP-Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique Team ARIA, Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions Campus Jules, Horowitz, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 55027, Cedex 05, F-14076 Caen, France
Interests: cancer cell biology; radiotherapy; particle therapy; DNA damage response; signaling transduction; radiation-induced bystander effects; tumor cell radio-sensitization, integrated omics; proteomics; radiation response biomarkers; radioresistance; combined treatments; tumor microenvironment; inflammatory
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For a long time, it was widely accepted that biological effects of ionizing radiation such as cell death, DNA damage and mutagenesis result from direct ionization of cell structures, particularly DNA, or from indirect damage through reactive oxygen species produced by radiolysis of water. This “targeted effect” (TE) model has been questioned by numerous observations, in which cells, that were not directly irradiated, exhibited responses similar to those of the directly irradiated cells. Therefore, it is nowadays accepted that the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation are not restricted only in the irradiated cells, but also to non- irradiated adjacent or distant cells.

Non-targeted effects (NTE) of ionizing radiation, which include genomic instability, radiation-induced bystander effects, and abscopal effects, are defined as the occurrence of biological effects in non-irradiated cells because of irradiation of other cells in the population. In opposition with TE, that display a linear dose-response, NTE exhibit a non-linear dose–response, with a marked effect at low doses of radiation. The related cellular and molecular mechanisms of NTE are still not completely understood, as they are mainly dependent on the cell type and the radiation quality. It is now widely admitted that in specific conditions, irradiated cells produce stress factors, which affect non-irradiated cells in the close environment (Bystander effect) or at distance (Abscopal effect). The cellular response, observed in non-irradiated cells, can be very similar to the response of irradiated cells, with a modulated intensity. NTE involve the secretion or the release by irradiated cells of a broad range of stress factors, from cytokines and specifically secreted molecules to reactive oxygen species or oxidized cellular wastes. In the case of communication between neighborhood cells, the stress factors can disseminate through gap junctions, or in case of distance communication, through small vesicles containing various embedded molecules. NTE are commonly studied as low-dose radiation effects in radioprotection, in association with genomic instability, mutation induction, and secondary cancer risk.

In a radiotherapy context, TE and NTE can be involved at the same time and in case of NTE, it could present several risks of complications when the irradiated area is very close to a sensitive organ. On the other hand, NTE could increase the biological effect of the radiotherapy on distant non-irradiated cancer cells (such as metastases) with immune associated effects (Abscopal effect) or on non-irradiated cancer cells adjacent to cancer cells specifically targeted with radioactive antibodies (positive Bystander effect).

I am pleased to invite you to participate to this Special Issue "Targeted and non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation in a context of cancer radiotherapy ". Research papers, up-to-date review articles, and commentaries are all welcome.


Dr. François Chevalier
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Non-targeted effects
  • Radiation-induced bystander effect
  • Abscopal effect
  • Genomic instability
  • Low dose effects
  • Radioprotection
  • Circulating biomarkers
  • Oxidative stress

Published Papers (10 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review, Other

25 pages, 7120 KiB  
Article
The miRNA Content of Bone Marrow-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Protein Pathway Alterations Involved in Ionising Radiation-Induced Bystander Responses
by Ilona Barbara Csordás, Eric Andreas Rutten, Tünde Szatmári, Prabal Subedi, Lourdes Cruz-Garcia, Dávid Kis, Bálint Jezsó, Christine von Toerne, Martina Forgács, Géza Sáfrány, Soile Tapio, Christophe Badie and Katalin Lumniczky
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 8607; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24108607 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1333
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their cargo, are important mediators of bystander responses in the irradiated bone marrow (BM). MiRNAs carried by EVs can potentially alter cellular pathways in EV-recipient cells by regulating their protein content. Using the CBA/Ca mouse model, we characterised the [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their cargo, are important mediators of bystander responses in the irradiated bone marrow (BM). MiRNAs carried by EVs can potentially alter cellular pathways in EV-recipient cells by regulating their protein content. Using the CBA/Ca mouse model, we characterised the miRNA content of BM-derived EVs from mice irradiated with 0.1 Gy or 3 Gy using an nCounter analysis system. We also analysed proteomic changes in BM cells either directly irradiated or treated with EVs derived from the BM of irradiated mice. Our aim was to identify key cellular processes in the EV-acceptor cells regulated by miRNAs. The irradiation of BM cells with 0.1 Gy led to protein alterations involved in oxidative stress and immune and inflammatory processes. Oxidative stress-related pathways were also present in BM cells treated with EVs isolated from 0.1 Gy-irradiated mice, indicating the propagation of oxidative stress in a bystander manner. The irradiation of BM cells with 3 Gy led to protein pathway alterations involved in the DNA damage response, metabolism, cell death and immune and inflammatory processes. The majority of these pathways were also altered in BM cells treated with EVs from mice irradiated with 3 Gy. Certain pathways (cell cycle, acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia) regulated by miRNAs differentially expressed in EVs isolated from mice irradiated with 3 Gy overlapped with protein pathway alterations in BM cells treated with 3 Gy EVs. Six miRNAs were involved in these common pathways interacting with 11 proteins, suggesting the involvement of miRNAs in the EV-mediated bystander processes. In conclusion, we characterised proteomic changes in directly irradiated and EV-treated BM cells, identified processes transmitted in a bystander manner and suggested miRNA and protein candidates potentially involved in the regulation of these bystander processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2946 KiB  
Article
Differential Expression of ATM, NF-KB, PINK1 and Foxo3a in Radiation-Induced Basal Cell Carcinoma
by Rim Jenni, Asma Chikhaoui, Imen Nabouli, Anissa Zaouak, Fatma Khanchel, Houda Hammami-Ghorbel and Houda Yacoub-Youssef
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24087181 - 13 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1626
Abstract
Research in normal tissue radiobiology is in continuous progress to assess cellular response following ionizing radiation exposure especially linked to carcinogenesis risk. This was observed among patients with a history of radiotherapy of the scalp for ringworm who developed basal cell carcinoma (BCC). [...] Read more.
Research in normal tissue radiobiology is in continuous progress to assess cellular response following ionizing radiation exposure especially linked to carcinogenesis risk. This was observed among patients with a history of radiotherapy of the scalp for ringworm who developed basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, the involved mechanisms remain largely undefined. We performed a gene expression analysis of tumor biopsies and blood of radiation-induced BCC and sporadic patients using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Differences across groups were assessed by statistical analysis. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted using miRNet. We showed a significant overexpression of the FOXO3a, ATM, P65, TNF-α and PINK1 genes among radiation-induced BCCs compared to BCCs in sporadic patients. ATM expression level was correlated with FOXO3a. Based on receiver-operating characteristic curves, the differentially expressed genes could significantly discriminate between the two groups. Nevertheless, TNF-α and PINK1 blood expression showed no statistical differences between BCC groups. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the candidate genes may represent putative targets for microRNAs in the skin. Our findings may yield clues as to the molecular mechanism involved in radiation-induced BCC, suggesting that deregulation of ATM-NF-kB signaling and PINK1 gene expression may contribute to BCC radiation carcinogenesis and that the analyzed genes could represent candidate radiation biomarkers associated with radiation-induced BCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2666 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome-Based Traits of Radioresistant Sublines of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
by Margarita Pustovalova, Philipp Malakhov, Anastasia Guryanova, Maxim Sorokin, Maria Suntsova, Anton Buzdin, Andreyan N. Osipov and Sergey Leonov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 3042; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24033042 - 03 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1827
Abstract
Radioresistance is a major obstacle for the successful therapy of many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To elucidate the mechanism of radioresistance of NSCLC cells and to identify key molecules conferring radioresistance, the radioresistant subclones of p53 wild-type A549 and p53-deficient [...] Read more.
Radioresistance is a major obstacle for the successful therapy of many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To elucidate the mechanism of radioresistance of NSCLC cells and to identify key molecules conferring radioresistance, the radioresistant subclones of p53 wild-type A549 and p53-deficient H1299 cell cultures were established. The transcriptional changes between parental and radioresistant NSCLC cells were investigated by RNA-seq. In total, expression levels of 36,596 genes were measured. Changes in the activation of intracellular molecular pathways of cells surviving irradiation relative to parental cells were quantified using the Oncobox bioinformatics platform. Following 30 rounds of 2 Gy irradiation, a total of 322 genes were differentially expressed between p53 wild-type radioresistant A549IR and parental A549 cells. For the p53-deficient (H1299) NSCLC cells, the parental and irradiated populations differed in the expression of 1628 genes and 1616 pathways. The expression of genes associated with radioresistance reflects the complex biological processes involved in clinical cancer cell eradication and might serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2334 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Cultured Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Demonstrate Increased Radiosensitivity and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Response to Irradiation
by Lina Alhaddad, Zain Nofal, Margarita Pustovalova, Andreyan N. Osipov and Sergey Leonov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2002; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24032002 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2172
Abstract
The overall effect of senescence on cancer progression and cancer cell resistance to X-ray radiation (IR) is still not fully understood and remains controversial. How to induce tumor cell senescence and which senescent cell characteristics will ensure the safest therapeutic strategy for cancer [...] Read more.
The overall effect of senescence on cancer progression and cancer cell resistance to X-ray radiation (IR) is still not fully understood and remains controversial. How to induce tumor cell senescence and which senescent cell characteristics will ensure the safest therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment are under extensive investigation. While the evidence for passage number-related effects on malignant primary cells or cell lines is compelling, much less is known about how the changes affect safety and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), both of which are needed for the senescence cell-based vaccine to be effective against cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated passaging on the biological (self-renewal capacity and radioresistance) and functional (senescence) characteristics of the different populations of short- and long-term passaging glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells responding to senescence-inducing DNA-damaging IR stress. For this purpose, we compared radiobiological effects of X-ray exposure on two isogenic human U87 cell lines: U87L, minimally cultured cells (<15 passages after obtaining from the ATCC) and U87H, long-term cultured cells (>3 years of continuous culturing after obtaining from the ATCC). U87L cells displayed IR dose-related changes in the signs of IR stress-induced premature senescence. These included an increase in the proportion of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal)-positive cells, and concomitant decrease in the proportion of Ki67-positive cells and metabolically active cells. However, reproductive survival of irradiated short-term cultured U87L cells was higher compared to long-term cultured U87H cells, as the clonogenic activity results demonstrated. In contrast, the irradiated long-term cultured U87H cells possessed dose-related increases in the proportion of multinucleated giant cancer cells (MGCCs), while demonstrating higher radiosensitivity (lower self-renewal) and a significantly reduced fraction of DNA-replicating cells compared to short-term cultured U87L cells. Conditioned culture medium from U87H cells induced a significant rise of SA-β-Gal staining in U87L cells in a paracrine manner suggesting inherent SASP. Our data suggested that low-dose irradiated long-term cultured GBM cells might be a safer candidate for a recently proposed senescence cell-based vaccine against cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 6485 KiB  
Article
Clustered DNA Damage Patterns after Proton Therapy Beam Irradiation Using Plasmid DNA
by Maria P. Souli, Zacharenia Nikitaki, Monika Puchalska, Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová, Ellas Spyratou, Panagiotis Kote, Efstathios P. Efstathopoulos, Megumi Hada, Alexandros G. Georgakilas and Lembit Sihver
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15606; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232415606 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
Modeling ionizing radiation interaction with biological matter is a major scientific challenge, especially for protons that are nowadays widely used in cancer treatment. That presupposes a sound understanding of the mechanisms that take place from the early events of the induction of DNA [...] Read more.
Modeling ionizing radiation interaction with biological matter is a major scientific challenge, especially for protons that are nowadays widely used in cancer treatment. That presupposes a sound understanding of the mechanisms that take place from the early events of the induction of DNA damage. Herein, we present results of irradiation-induced complex DNA damage measurements using plasmid pBR322 along a typical Proton Treatment Plan at the MedAustron proton and carbon beam therapy facility (energy 137–198 MeV and Linear Energy Transfer (LET) range 1–9 keV/μm), by means of Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and DNA fragmentation using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The induction rate Mbp−1 Gy−1 for each type of damage, single strand breaks (SSBs), double-strand breaks (DSBs), base lesions and non-DSB clusters was measured after irradiations in solutions with varying scavenging capacity containing 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Tris) and coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (C3CA) as scavengers. Our combined results reveal the determining role of LET and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, AFM used to measure apparent DNA lengths provided us with insights into the role of increasing LET in the induction of highly complex DNA damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2341 KiB  
Article
Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect Mediated by Exosomes Involves the Replication Stress in Recipient Cells
by Mateusz Smolarz, Łukasz Skoczylas, Marta Gawin, Monika Krzyżowska, Monika Pietrowska and Piotr Widłak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4169; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23084169 - 10 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1915
Abstract
Exosomes released by irradiated cells mediate the radiation-induced bystander effect, which is manifested by DNA breaks detected in recipient cells; yet, the specific mechanism responsible for the generation of chromosome lesions remains unclear. In this study, naive FaDu head and neck cancer cells [...] Read more.
Exosomes released by irradiated cells mediate the radiation-induced bystander effect, which is manifested by DNA breaks detected in recipient cells; yet, the specific mechanism responsible for the generation of chromosome lesions remains unclear. In this study, naive FaDu head and neck cancer cells were stimulated with exosomes released by irradiated (a single 2 Gy dose) or mock-irradiated cells. Maximum accumulation of gamma H2A.X foci, a marker of DNA breaks, was detected after one hour of stimulation with exosomes from irradiated donors, the level of which was comparable to the one observed in directly irradiated cells (a weaker wave of the gamma H2A.X foci accumulation was also noted after 23 h of stimulation). Exosomes from irradiated cells, but not from control ones, activated two stress-induced protein kinases: ATM and ATR. Noteworthy is that while direct irradiation activated only ATM, both ATM and ATR were activated by two factors known to induce the replication stress: hydroxyurea and camptothecin (with subsequent phosphorylation of gamma H2A.X). One hour of stimulation with exosomes from irradiated cells suppressed DNA synthesis in recipient cells and resulted in the subsequent nuclear accumulation of RNA:DNA hybrids, which is an indicator of impaired replication. Interestingly, the abovementioned effects were observed before a substantial internalization of exosomes, which may suggest a receptor-mediated mechanism. It was observed that after one hour of stimulation with exosomes from irradiated donors, phosphorylation of several nuclear proteins, including replication factors and regulators of heterochromatin remodeling as well as components of multiple intracellular signaling pathways increased. Hence, we concluded that the bystander effect mediated by exosomes released from irradiated cells involves the replication stress in recipient cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3135 KiB  
Article
A Proteomic Study Suggests Stress Granules as New Potential Actors in Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects
by Mihaela Tudor, Antoine Gilbert, Charlotte Lepleux, Mihaela Temelie, Sonia Hem, Jean Armengaud, Emilie Brotin, Siamak Haghdoost, Diana Savu and François Chevalier
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 7957; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22157957 - 26 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2236
Abstract
Besides the direct effects of radiations, indirect effects are observed within the surrounding non-irradiated area; irradiated cells relay stress signals in this close proximity, inducing the so-called radiation-induced bystander effect. These signals received by neighboring unirradiated cells induce specific responses similar with those [...] Read more.
Besides the direct effects of radiations, indirect effects are observed within the surrounding non-irradiated area; irradiated cells relay stress signals in this close proximity, inducing the so-called radiation-induced bystander effect. These signals received by neighboring unirradiated cells induce specific responses similar with those of direct irradiated cells. To understand the cellular response of bystander cells, we performed a 2D gel-based proteomic study of the chondrocytes receiving the conditioned medium of low-dose irradiated chondrosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium was directly analyzed by mass spectrometry in order to identify candidate bystander factors involved in the signal transmission. The proteomic analysis of the bystander chondrocytes highlighted 20 proteins spots that were significantly modified at low dose, implicating several cellular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress responses, cellular motility, and exosomes pathways. In addition, the secretomic analysis revealed that the abundance of 40 proteins in the conditioned medium of 0.1 Gy irradiated chondrosarcoma cells was significantly modified, as compared with the conditioned medium of non-irradiated cells. A large cluster of proteins involved in stress granules and several proteins involved in the cellular response to DNA damage stimuli were increased in the 0.1 Gy condition. Several of these candidates and cellular mechanisms were confirmed by functional analysis, such as 8-oxodG quantification, western blot, and wound-healing migration tests. Taken together, these results shed new lights on the complexity of the radiation-induced bystander effects and the large variety of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, including the identification of a new potential actor, namely the stress granules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

20 pages, 5599 KiB  
Review
High Resolution and Automatable Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Using In Situ Telomere and Centromere Hybridization for the Accurate Detection of DNA Damage: An Overview
by Radhia M’Kacher, Bruno Colicchio, Steffen Junker, Elie El Maalouf, Leonhard Heidingsfelder, Andreas Plesch, Alain Dieterlen, Eric Jeandidier, Patrice Carde and Philippe Voisin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5699; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24065699 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1720
Abstract
In the event of a radiological or nuclear accident, or when physical dosimetry is not available, the scoring of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes constitutes an essential tool for the estimation of the absorbed dose of the exposed individual and for effective triage. [...] Read more.
In the event of a radiological or nuclear accident, or when physical dosimetry is not available, the scoring of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes constitutes an essential tool for the estimation of the absorbed dose of the exposed individual and for effective triage. Cytogenetic biodosimetry employs different cytogenetic assays including the scoring of dicentrics, micronuclei, and translocations as well as analyses of induced premature chromosome condensation to define the frequency of chromosome aberrations. However, inherent challenges using these techniques include the considerable time span from sampling to result, the sensitivity and specificity of the various techniques, and the requirement of highly skilled personnel. Thus, techniques that obviate these challenges are needed. The introduction of telomere and centromere (TC) staining have successfully met these challenges and, in addition, greatly improved the efficiency of cytogenetic biodosimetry through the development of automated approaches, thus reducing the need for specialized personnel. Here, we review the role of the various cytogenetic dosimeters and their recent improvements in the management of populations exposed to genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. Finally, we discuss the emerging potentials to exploit these techniques in a wider spectrum of medical and biological applications, e.g., in cancer biology to identify prognostic biomarkers for the optimal triage and treatment of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

43 pages, 2454 KiB  
Review
The Molecular and Cellular Strategies of Glioblastoma and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Conferring Radioresistance
by Lina Alhaddad, Andreyan N. Osipov and Sergey Leonov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13577; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232113577 - 05 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2650
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to play a crucial role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that radiotherapy can offer only palliation owing to the radioresistance of GBM and NSCLC. [...] Read more.
Ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to play a crucial role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that radiotherapy can offer only palliation owing to the radioresistance of GBM and NSCLC. Therefore, delineating the major radioresistance mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic approaches to sensitize these diseases to IR and improve patient outcomes. This review provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GBM and NSCLC radioresistance, where it sheds light on the role played by cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as discusses comprehensively how the cellular dormancy/non-proliferating state and polyploidy impact on their survival and relapse post-IR exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

13 pages, 558 KiB  
Protocol
A Longitudinal Study of Individual Radiation Responses in Pediatric Patients Treated with Proton and Photon Radiotherapy, and Interventional Cardiology: Rationale and Research Protocol of the HARMONIC Project
by Maria Grazia Andreassi, Nadia Haddy, Mats Harms-Ringdahl, Jonica Campolo, Andrea Borghini, François Chevalier, Jochen M. Schwenk, Brice Fresneau, Stephanie Bolle, Manuel Fuentes and Siamak Haghdoost
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8416; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24098416 - 08 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
The Health Effects of Cardiac Fluoroscopy and Modern Radiotherapy (photon and proton) in Pediatrics (HARMONIC) is a five-year project funded by the European Commission that aimed to improve the understanding of the long-term ionizing radiation (IR) risks for pediatric patients. In this paper, [...] Read more.
The Health Effects of Cardiac Fluoroscopy and Modern Radiotherapy (photon and proton) in Pediatrics (HARMONIC) is a five-year project funded by the European Commission that aimed to improve the understanding of the long-term ionizing radiation (IR) risks for pediatric patients. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the rationale, design, and methods for the biological aspect of the project with objectives to provide a mechanistic understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the IR response and to identify potential predictive biomarkers of individual response involved in long-term health risks. Biological samples will be collected at three time points: before the first exposure, at the end of the exposure, and one year after the exposure. The average whole-body dose, the dose to the target organ, and the dose to some important out-of-field organs will be estimated. State-of-the-art analytical methods will be used to assess the levels of a set of known biomarkers and also explore high-resolution approaches of proteomics and miRNA transcriptomes to provide an integrated assessment. By using bioinformatics and systems biology, biological pathways and novel pathways involved in the response to IR exposure will be deciphered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Cancer Radiotherapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop