Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress

A special issue of Infrastructures (ISSN 2412-3811).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2018) | Viewed by 43814

Special Issue Editors

E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, University of Cantabria. Av./Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain
Interests: structural health monitoring; nonminor destructive testing; laboratory testing; masonry structures; concrete structures; existing buildings; structural analysis; building pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Structural and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
Interests: structural health monitoring; non-minor destructive testing; existing buildings; interventions; structural analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Building Technology R&D Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
Interests: structural health monitoring; non-minor destructive testing, laboratory testing; masonry structures; existing buildings; structural analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
University of Cantabria, Department of Structural and Mechanical Engineering, Av. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
Interests: building pathology; laboratory testing; masonry structures; concrete structures; structural analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 7th Edition of the REHABEND Congress (REHABEND 2018, www.rehabend.unican.es) is focused on methods of analysis, planning and implementation of construction rehabilitation measures, as well as maintenance and management strategies of existing buildings. The growing relevance that it has reached in current society has been the refurbishment, rehabilitation or conservation of existing buildings and infrastructure, in particular historical heritage, has revealed the need to calibrate effective methods of analysis, planning and implementation of construction rehabilitation measures, as well as maintenance and management strategies for existing buildings. The main aim of the event is to promote transfer of knowledge between different countries, which are working on this topic.

The topics include: Multidisciplinary studies (historical, archaeological, etc.); heritage and territory; urban regeneration; economic and financial policies; social participation processes and socio-cultural aspects in rehabilitation projects; construction pathology; diagnostic techniques and structural assessment (no destructive testing, monitoring and numerical modeling); guides and regulations; theoretical criteria of intervention projects; traditional materials and construction methods; novelty products applicable and new technologies; sustainable design and energy efficiency; intervention plans; rehabilitation and durability; reinforcement technologies; restoration of artworks; conservation of industrial heritage; examples of intervention; construction maintenance; preventive conservation of built heritage; heritage and cultural tourism; teaching and training; new technologies applied to heritage diffusion; accessibility to cultural heritage; working networks in cultural heritage; and built heritage management.

The REHABEND Congress on ‘Construction Pathology, Rehabilitation Technology and Heritage Management’ aim to bring together the progress made in recent years in terms of theoretical and experimental knowledge carried out in these topics. This volume, thus, will contain a selection of the best papers presented at the REHABEND 2018 conference.

Dr. Ignacio Lombillo
Dr. Haydee Blanco
Dr. Yosbel Boffill
Dr. Luis Villegas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Infrastructures is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Heritage and territory
  • Construction pathology
  • Diagnostic technique
  • Monitoring and numerical modeling
  • Structural assessment
  • Rehabilitation and durability
  • Reinforcement technologies
  • Sustainable design
  • Industrial heritage

Published Papers (8 papers)

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10 pages, 3159 KiB  
Article
Laboratory Study on the Strength Behaviour of Two Laterally Loaded Adobe Walls
by Brad D. Weldon, Paola Bandini, Michael J. McGinnis, Eduardo Dávila and Diego I. García Vera
Infrastructures 2019, 4(1), 1; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/infrastructures4010001 - 21 Dec 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5544
Abstract
Adobe is a traditional construction technique found in historic and new construction throughout the world, often in earthquake-prone regions. Adobe structures are particularly susceptible to seismic forces due to their substantial mass and low tensile capacity. In addition, adobe is affected negatively by [...] Read more.
Adobe is a traditional construction technique found in historic and new construction throughout the world, often in earthquake-prone regions. Adobe structures are particularly susceptible to seismic forces due to their substantial mass and low tensile capacity. In addition, adobe is affected negatively by moisture that may penetrate from the ground or through the plaster. This paper describes the preliminary findings of an experimental program to investigate the effect of higher water content in the lower part of the wall on the wall strength behaviour under lateral loading. Lateral load tests were conducted on two quarter-scale adobe walls, one in air-dry condition (Wall 1) and another with greater water content in the lower part (Wall 2). The model walls demonstrated similar behaviour during loading in terms of deflections; however, the higher water content in the lower part had a significant effect on the wall strength. The in-plane (lateral) load capacity of Wall 2 was approximately 74% of the capacity of Wall 1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress)
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10 pages, 3324 KiB  
Article
Experimental Analysis of the Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Shear Using Steel Plates
by Marília M. Bez Batti, Bruno do Vale Silva, Ângela Costa Piccinini, Daiane dos Santos Godinho and Elaine Guglielmi Pavei Antunes
Infrastructures 2018, 3(4), 52; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/infrastructures3040052 - 16 Nov 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6577
Abstract
In some situations, it is necessary to strengthen or rehabilitate a structure in the short term, but before doing so, a critical analysis of the underlying causes is required to find the best technique to solve the problem. The structural strengthening is used [...] Read more.
In some situations, it is necessary to strengthen or rehabilitate a structure in the short term, but before doing so, a critical analysis of the underlying causes is required to find the best technique to solve the problem. The structural strengthening is used to increase an element’s ability to resist a stress when it no longer meets the original conditions or new necessities of use due to faults, deterioration, thermal variations, and lack of maintenance. The present article aims to evaluate the strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with 0.75 mm thick SAE 1020 steel plates bonded with epoxy-based structural adhesive. The steel plates were attached to the sheared area before and after the beams were taken to the breaking point load. According to the results, it was possible to conclude the effectiveness of the strengthening applied to healthy beams that had its bearing capacity increased up to 50%. The beam that was strengthened after the shear, with a fissure that was restored with epoxy-based structural adhesive, had its load bearing capacity increased by 49.2%. The beams with fissures that were filled with mortar had their bearing capacity decreased by 58.70% if compared with the reference beams, and thus they presented an unsatisfactory performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress)
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10 pages, 25711 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Bond-to-Concrete Properties of GFRP Rebars in Marine Environments
by Alvaro Ruiz Emparanza, Francisco De Caso Y Basalo, Raphael Kampmann and Itziar Adarraga Usabiaga
Infrastructures 2018, 3(4), 44; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/infrastructures3040044 - 08 Oct 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5658
Abstract
Increased traffic in combination with growing environmental impacts have led to the accelerated degradation of built infrastructure. In reinforced concrete structures, the corrosion of steel reinforcement is the predominant cause of deterioration. Thus, over the last years the use of glass fiber reinforced [...] Read more.
Increased traffic in combination with growing environmental impacts have led to the accelerated degradation of built infrastructure. In reinforced concrete structures, the corrosion of steel reinforcement is the predominant cause of deterioration. Thus, over the last years the use of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites as internal reinforcement bars (rebars) for concrete structures has been evaluated, and has been proved to be a viable alternative to traditional steel reinforcement mainly due to its tensile strength and non-corrosive nature. However, thus far, the GFRP rebar market is diverse and manufacturers around the world produce GFRP rebar types with different surface enhancements to improve the bond to concrete characteristics. In this study, the bond performance of three dissimilar GFRP rebar types (sand coated, helically grooved and with surface lugs) was evaluated over time in seawater environments, with a focus on the bond strength. Accordingly, specimens were exposed to seawater in circulating chambers at three different temperatures (23 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) for multiple time periods (60 and 120 days). To evaluate the bond performance, pullout tests were conducted according to ASTM D7913. The results showed that the bond strength varied with the surface enhancement features. However, the bond strength did not vary significantly with exposure time and temperature for all three evaluated rebar types. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress)
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20 pages, 10882 KiB  
Article
Structural Behavior of the General Archive of the Nation (AGN) Building, Mexico
by Marcos M. Chávez, Fernando Peña, Claudia Cruz and Gustavo Monroy
Infrastructures 2018, 3(3), 39; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/infrastructures3030039 - 18 Sep 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5077
Abstract
This article presents a study on the structural behavior of the Government Building that is part of the old Lecumberri Palace and which currently houses the Mexican General Archive of the Nation. This building was inaugurated in 1900 and closed in 1976, after [...] Read more.
This article presents a study on the structural behavior of the Government Building that is part of the old Lecumberri Palace and which currently houses the Mexican General Archive of the Nation. This building was inaugurated in 1900 and closed in 1976, after serving as a prison for 76 years. It was reopened in 1982 after it had undergone several remodeling works. The construction is made of brick masonry with lime mortar. It is supported by a deposit of overly compressible high-plasticity clays. The main problems of this building are the appearance of cracks in both interior and exterior walls, and moisture in the ground floor, caused by differential settlements. The study entailed a geometric and a damage survey as well as ambient vibration tests in order to determine the dynamic properties of the construction. The data obtained was used for the making of a model that, using the finite element method, was analyzed under different load conditions. This study has focused on the overall response with the assumption of smeared crack damage. According to the results, the building’s safety was deemed as acceptable. It has the capability to withstand seismic actions as established by the Mexican Building Code due to the high density of its walls and the resulting stiffness, which infer that the fundamental vibration period of the building would be distant from the predominant vibration period of the soil. This highlights the idea that the building’s critical condition is constituted by the differential settlements, which cause damage in the construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress)
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11 pages, 3081 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of the Mechanical Behaviour of Bricks from 19th and 20th Century Buildings in the Province of Zamora (Spain)
by Ana Belén Ramos Gavilán, María Ascensión Rodríguez Esteban, María Natividad Antón Iglesias, María Paz Sáez Perez, María Soledad Camino Olea and Julen Caballero Valdizán
Infrastructures 2018, 3(3), 38; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/infrastructures3030038 - 16 Sep 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5088
Abstract
Interventions in historic brick buildings require an exhaustive analysis of the current characteristics of bricks in order to establish the role performed by these elements in the buildings. This study presents the results of an experimental analysis of the compressive strength of brick [...] Read more.
Interventions in historic brick buildings require an exhaustive analysis of the current characteristics of bricks in order to establish the role performed by these elements in the buildings. This study presents the results of an experimental analysis of the compressive strength of brick specimens extracted from different buildings built in the 19th and 20th centuries in the province of Zamora (Spain). The study analyses specimens with very different characteristics to compare results from different masonry units and manufacturing processes. Specimens are classified into four groups according to their macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Compressive strength results are correlated to the above classification and to the results of density, absorption and open porosity of the samples. The compressive strength results present high variation between clay bricks (9.2–64.4 N/mm2) and between samples extracted from the same brick due to the heterogeneity of the material. Correlations between compressive strength and open porosity, absorption and dry density values are observed, with less dispersion in the case of high sintering level, up to 1000 °C. Finally, the compliance with the current Spanish Technical Building Code with respect to their compressive strength is checked. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress)
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12 pages, 3419 KiB  
Article
Durability and Compatibility of Lime-Based Mortars: The Effect of Aggregates
by Ana Rita Santos, Maria Do Rosário Veiga, Luís Matias, António Santos Silva and Jorge De Brito
Infrastructures 2018, 3(3), 34; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/infrastructures3030034 - 31 Aug 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5212
Abstract
In order to fully perform their functions and be durable, mortars for renders and plasters are requested to have a set of characteristics that can vary with the type of exposure to external environmental actions and the type of substrate. Generally, they need [...] Read more.
In order to fully perform their functions and be durable, mortars for renders and plasters are requested to have a set of characteristics that can vary with the type of exposure to external environmental actions and the type of substrate. Generally, they need moderate strength, high deformability, some water protection capability, good adhesion to the substrate and compatibility with the pre-existent materials. The presence of water and its movement inside the pore structure of the mortars are among the most significant causes of degradation. Moreover, several authors consider that the main factors for durability and good performance of lime-based mortars are mostly related with the good quality of the binder and the use of adequate aggregates. This paper intends to study the effect of ageing on the properties and durability of air lime mortars, using aggregates of different mineralogy. For this purpose, different mortars compositions are exposed to an accelerated weathering test under defined conditions. The obtained characteristics are discussed and compared with the results obtained with the same mortars tested in laboratory conditions. The effects of the aggregate type on the durability of mortars seem to be linked to their effects on the mortars porous structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress)
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9 pages, 5987 KiB  
Technical Note
Structural Safety Analysis of the Aqueducts “Coll De Foix” and “Capdevila” of the Canal of Aragon and Catalonia
by Albert De la Fuente, Vicente Alegre, Ana Blanco, Teresa Cavero and Roberto Quintilla
Infrastructures 2018, 3(4), 48; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/infrastructures3040048 - 05 Nov 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4931
Abstract
The Canal of Aragon and Catalonia (CAC) is 134 km long and irrigates 105,000 ha (131 irrigation user communities) and it is owned by the River Ebro’s Water Agency. The aqueducts are located between km 67 and 71 of the canal and were [...] Read more.
The Canal of Aragon and Catalonia (CAC) is 134 km long and irrigates 105,000 ha (131 irrigation user communities) and it is owned by the River Ebro’s Water Agency. The aqueducts are located between km 67 and 71 of the canal and were designed by the civil engineer Félix de los Ríos Martín in 1907. The cross-section of both aqueducts, Coll de Foix and Capdevila, was extended within the framework of the project by Fernando Hué Herrero in 1962 in order to reach design flows of 26.1 m3/s and 25.7 m3/s, respectively. The structural performance of the aqueducts has been satisfactory; nevertheless, the hydraulic capacity has reduced over the years. As a result, the irrigation user communities have expressed the need to extend the cross-section of the aqueducts to meet the irrigation demands. Given the age of the structure and the different design considerations at the time, it is paramount to verify the structural reliability of the aqueducts in the new load configuration. Therefore, the objective of this contribution is to present the structural safety analysis conducted and to describe the new extended cross-section for both aqueducts (maintaining the original structural typology). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress)
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13 pages, 9569 KiB  
Case Report
Combination of Diagnostic Tools for the Proper Identification of Moisture Pathologies in Modern Residential Buildings
by Juan María Hidalgo-Betanzos, César Escudero-Revilla, Eider Iribar-Solaberrieta, Iván Flores-Abascal and José María Pedro Sala-Lizarraga
Infrastructures 2018, 3(3), 37; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/infrastructures3030037 - 14 Sep 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5031
Abstract
A study of moisture pathologies in a modern residential multifamily building is presented. The housing block was designed under the regulation NBE-CT of 1979 in northern Spain. After the appearance of some moisture problems in the façades, three complementary studies were conducted to [...] Read more.
A study of moisture pathologies in a modern residential multifamily building is presented. The housing block was designed under the regulation NBE-CT of 1979 in northern Spain. After the appearance of some moisture problems in the façades, three complementary studies were conducted to analyze the situation of the envelope and diagnose the best improvement possibilities. First, indoor conditions of temperature and humidity of the apartments with moisture pathologies were monitored. During 40 winter days, the occupancy, heating operation, and natural ventilation were analyzed. Second, the inner and outer surface temperatures of the studied façades were measured. Thermal insulation degree, thermal capacity, and thermal bridge effects were measured to assess the risk of interstitial condensation under the real conditions of use. Third, an infrared thermographic survey was carried out, which allowed the detection of irregularities and the assessment of moisture problems. The wrong interpretations, which would have been made if the complementary studies had not been done, are exposed. The key towards the accurate diagnosis was the combination of tools. Finally, some technical solutions based on ventilation or thermal insulation enhancement are proposed as different ways to reduce the high levels of relative humidity indoors and minimize the risk of condensation in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the REHABEND 2018 Congress)
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