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Insects
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Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management
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Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management

A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450). This special issue belongs to the section "Insect Pest and Vector Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 18978

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. George N. Mbata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
Interests: insect biology; behavior; crop and post-harvest IPM; biological control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Michael D. Toews

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
Interests: stored grain; stored legumes; insects of food processing; integrated pest management; crop production; applied ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

A sizable proportion (about 8%) of the global population is facing food insecurity. This proportion rises to about 30% in some developing countries. Yet, it is estimated that about 40% of global food production is lost during postharvest processing, transportation, or storage, due to insects and mold.

Post-harvest losses can be quantitative, e.g., weight loss of the product, or qualitative, e.g., changes in appearance, taste, texture, and nutritional or economic value. Post-harvest damage can also affect consumers through reduced food safety, harming their health, wellbeing, and productivity. Arthropod pests and molds are mostly responsible for postharvest losses. Among several factors influencing research in postharvest commodity protection is the desire to increase the elasticity of harvested grains, thus ensuring food availability to sectors of the global population that are at risk.

This Special Issue of Insects will consider manuscripts on pest biology, insect behavior, postharvest mites, mycotoxins, postharvest storage strucures and engineering, and innovative IPM tools.

Prof. George N. Mbata
Prof. Dr. Michael D. Toews
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Insects is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Postharvest IPM
  • Insect Biology
  • Mycotoxins
  • Pest populations

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management
by George N. Mbata and Michael D. Toews
Insects 2021, 12(6), 543; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects12060543 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1759
Abstract
A sizable proportion (about 8%) of the world population is facing food insecurity [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

9 pages, 239 KiB  
Article
Influence of Temperature and Photoperiod on the Fecundity of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and on the Paralysis of Host Larvae, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
by George N. Mbata, Sanower Warsi and Mark E. Payton
Insects 2021, 12(8), 753; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects12080753 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2036
Abstract
Studies were carried out in the laboratory to understand the optimum environmental conditions at which the ectoparasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), can paralyze and lay eggs when reared on the larvae of the stored product pest, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). At [...] Read more.
Studies were carried out in the laboratory to understand the optimum environmental conditions at which the ectoparasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), can paralyze and lay eggs when reared on the larvae of the stored product pest, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). At the four temperatures investigated (20, 25, 30, and 35 °C), optimum temperatures for oviposition were found to be 25 and 30 °C, while 35 °C was the least favorable temperature. No significant differences were found between the percentages of diapausing and non-diapausing larvae paralyzed by the wasp at the temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 35 °C within 5 days. However, in another experiment that investigated the effect of photoperiods at different temperatures that included 15, 19 and 28 °C, the number of paralyzed larvae was highly reduced at low temperatures (15 °C) but photoperiods had no significant impact on the number of host larvae paralyzed. In addition, observations at short time intervals also showed that lower temperatures slowed down host larvae paralysis. The results suggest that H. hebetor can paralyze host larvae of P. interpunctella more efficiently and deposit more eggs at temperatures within the range of 20–30 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management)
11 pages, 3030 KiB  
Article
Repellent Effect of the Caraway Carum carvi L. on the Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae)
by Małgorzata Kłyś, Aleksandra Izdebska and Natalia Malejky-Kłusek
Insects 2020, 11(12), 836; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11120836 - 26 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3809
Abstract
The aim of the study was to check the effect of Carum carvi L. essential oil and L-carvone on the emigration, repellence and mortality of Sitophilus oryzae L. In the experiments with caraway essential oil, concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% were used, [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to check the effect of Carum carvi L. essential oil and L-carvone on the emigration, repellence and mortality of Sitophilus oryzae L. In the experiments with caraway essential oil, concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% were used, and concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% were used with L-carvone. We assessed whether, in what concentrations and after what exposure time the substances acted on S. oryzae as repellents and/or insecticides. The laboratory tests were carried out at 29 ± 1 °C with 60 ± 5% relative humidity (RH). The deterrence, mortality and abundance of insects were noted after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 24 and 48 h. For caraway essential oil and L-carvone, the highest repellency was not shown in the highest concentrations that were used in the tests but in the lower concentrations of 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively. In all used concentrations, caraway essential oil showed repellent effects on S. oryzae. The highest repellency (60–98%) was caused by 0.5% caraway essential oil after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h of research and by 0.1% L-carvone (16–100%). The highest mortality of S. oryzae was caused by 0.5% caraway essential oil and 1% L-carvone. L-carvone at a concentration of 0.05% did not cause mortality in S. oryzae. In conclusion, the greatest repellent effects on S. oryzae were caused by lower doses of caraway essential oil and L-carvone. These compounds do not show the normal relationship described in the previous literature on warehouse pests, in which the repellency increased with increasing concentrations of the tested plant material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management)
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12 pages, 1268 KiB  
Article
Fumigation Activity against Phosphine-Resistant Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Using Carbonyl Sulfide
by Han Kyung Lee, Geunho Jeong, Hyun Kyung Kim, Bong-Su Kim, Jeong-Oh Yang, Hyun-Na Koo and Gil-Hah Kim
Insects 2020, 11(11), 750; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11110750 - 31 Oct 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
Phosphine resistance is occurring among stored-grain pests worldwide. This study investigated the fumigation activity of phosphine (PH3) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) against domestic strain (d-strain) Tribolium castaneum, resistance strain (r-strain) T. castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. All developmental stages [...] Read more.
Phosphine resistance is occurring among stored-grain pests worldwide. This study investigated the fumigation activity of phosphine (PH3) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) against domestic strain (d-strain) Tribolium castaneum, resistance strain (r-strain) T. castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. All developmental stages of the pests were exposed to two fumigants (PH3 and COS), and the fumigation activity according to the dose and exposure time was evaluated in a 12-L desiccator and 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber. The rice sorption rate and quality following exposure to thetwofumigants were evaluated. The mortality was 2.9% in r-strain T. castaneum, 49.5% in d-strain T. castaneum and 99.2% in O. surinamensis when 2 mg/L PH3 was used in a 12-L desiccator for 4 h. However, all pest developmental stages showed 100% mortality after 24 h of exposure in the 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber, except for the r-strain T. castaneum. A mortalityof 100% was observed in all of the r-strain T. castaneum developmental stages at an exposure time of 192 h. For COS applied at 40.23 mg/L and 50 g/m3 in the 12-L desiccator and the 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber, respectively, 100% mortality was observed across all developmental stages regardless of species and strain. The sorption of COS was 10% higher than that of PH3, but there was no significant difference in rice quality compared to that in the control. Therefore, this study suggests that COS can be used for controlling T. castaneum resistant to PH3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management)
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11 pages, 663 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activities of α-Pinene and 3-Carene on Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
by Jacob D. Langsi, Elias N. Nukenine, Kary M. Oumarou, Hamadou Moktar, Charles N. Fokunang and George N. Mbata
Insects 2020, 11(8), 540; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11080540 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 3333
Abstract
Pest management in most sub-Saharan subsistence agriculture involves mainly the use of botanicals that are either applied as powders, solvent extracts, ash or essential oils. Two hydrogenated monoterpenes (α-pinene and 3-carene) from Cupressus sempervirens were tested against Sitophilus zeamais in the laboratory to [...] Read more.
Pest management in most sub-Saharan subsistence agriculture involves mainly the use of botanicals that are either applied as powders, solvent extracts, ash or essential oils. Two hydrogenated monoterpenes (α-pinene and 3-carene) from Cupressus sempervirens were tested against Sitophilus zeamais in the laboratory to evaluate the contact and fumigation effects on the mortality of adult and immature weevils, progeny production, and grain damage. Contact toxicity of the terpenes was investigated at these concentrations: 0.08, 4, 8 and 12 ppm (terpene/maize), while fumigant action was studied at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, and 4 ppm. The results indicate that insecticidal effects were concentration-dependent since mortality increased with dosage and exposure periods. After a 14-day exposure period at the concentration of 12 ppm of α-pinene and 3-carene/grain, more than 98% mortality of the mature weevils was observed at concentrations of 4.1333 and 1.642 ppm respectively and progeny production was reduced by 98% and 100%, respectively. When α-pinene and 3-carene were applied as fumigants, LC50s (lethal concentrations that generate 50% mortality) of 1.402 and 0.610 ppm were obtained after 24 h of exposure, respectively. At concentrations above 3 ppm, both monoterpenes acted as repellents to weevils and reduced grain damage by 80%. Both monoterpenes inhibited the development of immature stages of the weevil and reduced progeny by up to 94%. These compounds are very promising and effective and could be exploited as novel phytoinsecticides against the maize weevil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management)
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13 pages, 1018 KiB  
Article
Mobility of Stored Product Beetles after Exposure to a Combination Insecticide Containing Deltamethrin, Methoprene, and a Piperonyl Butoxide Synergist Depends on Species, Concentration, and Exposure Time
by Frank H. Arthur, Christos G. Athanassiou and W. Robert Morrison III
Insects 2020, 11(3), 151; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11030151 - 29 Feb 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2716
Abstract
Adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, were exposed for 1, 24, and 72 h on wheat treated with concentrations of 0% (untreated controls) to 100% of [...] Read more.
Adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, were exposed for 1, 24, and 72 h on wheat treated with concentrations of 0% (untreated controls) to 100% of the proposed label rate of an experimental formulation of deltamethrin + Methoprene + piperonyl butoxide synergist. Movement and velocity of movement were assessed after each exposure time using a camera-based monitoring system (Ethovision®). Movement of R. dominica decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time, so that movement had virtually ceased at the 48 and 72 h exposures. Cryptolestes ferrugineus was less susceptible compared to R. dominica, but there was still a general pattern of decreased movement and velocity of movement with increasing concentration and exposure time. Sitophilus oryzae was the least susceptible species, with less differences at the 1 h exposure interval compared to the other two species, but after 24–72 h, the patterns of declining movement and velocity were apparent as the concentration increased. Data were analyzed using curve-fit equations to show the relationship between concentration and exposure time for each species. Results show that the Ethovison system can be used to assess the sub-lethal effects of exposure to grain protectant insecticides and elucidate behavioral variation between different stored product insects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management)
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22 pages, 2075 KiB  
Article
Species Composition, Temporal Abundance and Distribution of Insect Captures Inside and Outside Commercial Peanut Shelling Facilities
by Lauren M. Perez, Patricia J. Moore, Mark R. Abney and Michael D. Toews
Insects 2020, 11(2), 110; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/insects11020110 - 09 Feb 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
Insect populations were studied within two commercial peanut shelling facilities located in the southeastern United States. Commercially available pheromone/kairomone-baited dome traps and pheromone-baited flight traps were deployed throughout processing and shipping portions of the shelling plants and serviced weekly over one year. Lasioderma [...] Read more.
Insect populations were studied within two commercial peanut shelling facilities located in the southeastern United States. Commercially available pheromone/kairomone-baited dome traps and pheromone-baited flight traps were deployed throughout processing and shipping portions of the shelling plants and serviced weekly over one year. Lasioderma serricorne, Tribolium castaneum, Typhaea stercorea, Carpophilus spp., Plodia interpunctella and Cadra cautella were the most common captures across locations. Lasioderma serricorne made up 87% and 88% of all captures in dome traps in plants one and two, respectively. While L. serricorne was not captured during the winter months in flight traps, it was captured with near 100% frequency in dome traps, suggesting that populations persisted throughout the year inside the facilities. Tribolium castaneum populations were active year round. Across insect species and trap type, temperature was a significant covariate for explaining variation in insect counts. After accounting for the effect of temperature, there were always more insects captured in the processing portions of the facilities compared to the shipping areas. A negative linear relationship was observed between captures of L. serricorne and T. castaneum and trap distance from in-shell peanuts entering the shelling facilities. Conversely, fungivores were more evenly distributed throughout all parts of the shelling plants. These data suggest that management efforts should be focused where in-shell peanuts enter to reduce breeding and harborage sites for grain feeding insects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Postharvest Pest Biology and Management)
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