New Developments of Electrical Machines and Motor Drives

A special issue of Inventions (ISSN 2411-5134). This special issue belongs to the section "Inventions and Innovation in Electrical Engineering/Energy/Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2020) | Viewed by 18753

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical machines and drives are becoming increasingly important for renewable generation and green transport. Meanwhile, research and industry are facing significant challenges, while machine systems are being pushed to their physical/material limits (e.g., speed, torque, operating temperature, power density, efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness). Emerging technologies are being developed to cater for industrial needs ranging from wind turbines, pumps, and compressors, to electrical vehicles and ships. This Special Issue will capture the latest technological developments in the design, control, and application of electrical generators and motors, as well as system-level integration and design consideration. We welcome review and original work with contributions in new materials; new topologies; design and control algorithms; new prototyping and manufacturing techniques; and fault monotoring, failure-analysis, and condition-monitoring technologies. Technical issues associated with electromagnetic, mechanical, thermal, and multiphysics design, and the analysis of electrical machines and power converters, will be discussed and addressed critically.

Prof. Wen-Ping Cao
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Novel machines
  • Motor drives
  • Control algorithms
  • Power converters

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5744 KiB  
Article
New Adaptive Control Strategy for a Wind Turbine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)
by Wenping Cao, Ning Xing, Yan Wen, Xiangping Chen and Dong Wang
Inventions 2021, 6(1), 3; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/inventions6010003 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4850
Abstract
Wind energy conversion systems have become a key technology to harvest wind energy worldwide. In permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine systems, the rotor position is needed for variable speed control and it uses an encoder or a speed sensor. However, these sensors [...] Read more.
Wind energy conversion systems have become a key technology to harvest wind energy worldwide. In permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine systems, the rotor position is needed for variable speed control and it uses an encoder or a speed sensor. However, these sensors lead to some obstacles, such as additional weight and cost, increased noise, complexity and reliability issues. For these reasons, the development of new sensorless control methods has become critically important for wind turbine generators. This paper aims to develop a new sensorless and adaptive control method for a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator. The proposed method includes a new model reference adaptive system, which is used to estimate the rotor position and speed as an observer. Adaptive control is implemented in the pulse-width modulated current source converter. In the conventional model reference adaptive system, the proportional-integral controller is used in the adaptation mechanism. Moreover, the proportional-integral controller is generally tuned by the trial and error method, which is tedious and inaccurate. In contrast, the proposed method is based on model predictive control which eliminates the use of speed and position sensors and also improves the performance of model reference adaptive control systems. In this paper, the proposed predictive controller is modelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK and validated experimentally on a 6-kW wind turbine generator. Test results prove the effectiveness of the control strategy in terms of energy efficiency and dynamical adaptation to the wind turbine operational conditions. The experimental results also show that the control method has good dynamic response to parameter variations and external disturbances. Therefore, the developed technique will help increase the uptake of permanent magnet synchronous generators and model predictive control methods in the wind power industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Developments of Electrical Machines and Motor Drives)
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14 pages, 7853 KiB  
Article
Autonomous System for Wildfire and Forest Fire Early Detection and Control
by Luís Miguel Ferreira, A. Paulo Coimbra and Aníbal T. de Almeida
Inventions 2020, 5(3), 41; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/inventions5030041 - 19 Aug 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4733
Abstract
Recurring and increasing large-scale wildfires across the globe (e.g., Southern Europe, California, Australia), as a result of worsening climate conditions with record temperatures, drought, and strong winds, present a challenge to mankind. Early fire detection is crucial for a quick reaction and effective [...] Read more.
Recurring and increasing large-scale wildfires across the globe (e.g., Southern Europe, California, Australia), as a result of worsening climate conditions with record temperatures, drought, and strong winds, present a challenge to mankind. Early fire detection is crucial for a quick reaction and effective firefighting operations, minimizing the risk to human lives as well as the destruction of assets, infrastructures, forests, and wildlife. Usually, ground firefighting relies on human intervention and dangerous exposition to high temperatures and radiation levels, proving the need for mechanisms and techniques to remotely or autonomously detect and combat fire. This paper proposes an autonomous firefighting system built with a motorized water turret, narrow beam far infrared (FIR) sensors, and a micro-controller running novel algorithms and techniques. Experimental field results validated the technical approach, indicating that when a small fire front is within the field of view of the FIR sensor and within the range of the water jet, it is possible to provide an early alarm and even autonomously extinguish or delay the approaching fire front, increasing the chance for evacuation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Developments of Electrical Machines and Motor Drives)
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15 pages, 2568 KiB  
Article
Wide-Speed Range Sensorless Control of an IPM Motor for Multi-Purpose Applications
by Maria Laura Bacci, Ferdinando Luigi Mapelli, Stefano Mossina, Davide Tarsitano and Michele Vignati
Inventions 2020, 5(3), 24; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/inventions5030024 - 30 Jun 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3151
Abstract
In a growing number of battery-driven applications the need of removing any position and speed transducer is taking over due to space, cost and mechanical reliability constraints, further than making the installation easier as requiring less wiring. This paper presents the development of [...] Read more.
In a growing number of battery-driven applications the need of removing any position and speed transducer is taking over due to space, cost and mechanical reliability constraints, further than making the installation easier as requiring less wiring. This paper presents the development of a sensorless algorithm capable of running an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM), assuring constant torque production in the whole speed range, form standstill to high speeds. This is achieved with an hybrid method: at standstill and very low speeds the saliency of the IPM is exploited through an High Frequency Signal Injection (HFSI), which assures a robust estimation of the rotor position. At medium to high speeds an advanced V-I estimator is adopted in order to enhance the motor performances. The developed algorithm comes out of being highly scalable as it requires very little tuning, resulting in a multi-purpose application which can be employed with any motor size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Developments of Electrical Machines and Motor Drives)
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15 pages, 3851 KiB  
Article
IEC61800-9 System Standards as a Tool to Boost the Efficiency of Electric Motor Driven Systems Worldwide
by João Fong, Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira, André M. Silva and Aníbal T. de Almeida
Inventions 2020, 5(2), 20; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/inventions5020020 - 20 May 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5284
Abstract
Recognition of the energy savings potential in motor driven systems has led to the development of energy efficiency testing and classification standards for motors and end-use equipment (e.g., pumps and fans) and the implementation of minimum energy performance regulations targeting them worldwide. However, [...] Read more.
Recognition of the energy savings potential in motor driven systems has led to the development of energy efficiency testing and classification standards for motors and end-use equipment (e.g., pumps and fans) and the implementation of minimum energy performance regulations targeting them worldwide. However, these standards and regulations have been limited to components, disregarding the interaction between them. The energy savings achievable by addressing and improving the entire system are potentially much higher in relation to those achievable when considering individual components. Recently, an effort to develop standards in this regard was carried out by standardization bodies (IEC and ISO) leading to the publication of the IEC61800-9 Power Drive System standard series. The paper, in its first part, describes recent evolutions in electric motor energy-efficiency standards and in the implementation of related regulations worldwide. In the second part of the paper, using the latest energy efficiency test and classification standards, a comparative analysis of different energy-efficient motor technologies is presented. Using results from laboratory tests combined with data provided by manufacturers, different power drive systems are compared considering different operating points in two typical pumping systems. Estimated economic savings from a total cost of ownership perspective are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Developments of Electrical Machines and Motor Drives)
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