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Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Tumors

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Orthopedics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 13551

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrea Angelini

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Guest Editor

Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Interests: musculoskeletal oncology; orthopedic oncology; orthopedics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Musculoskeletal tumors can originate in bone or soft tissues. Primary benign and malignant bone tumors are uncommon, and most often affect children and young adults. Benign lesions are detected incidentally on imaging, although some patients present general symptoms such as pain or swelling. Sarcomas account for about 1% of all cancers. The management of musculoskeletal tumors requires a multidisciplinary team from the time of diagnosis through to the medical treatment, recovery, and rehabilitation. The oncologic outcome has improved in recent decades thanks to innovation in chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical techniques.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Angelini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

sarcoma
biopsy
malignant tumors
bone tumors
soft tissue tumors
osteosarcoma
benign tumors
children
reconstruction
palliative treatments

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 3142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical, Radiological, and Histopathological Characteristics of Periosteal Chondrosarcoma with a Focus on the Frequency of Medullary Invasion

by Makoto Nakagawa, Makoto Endo, Yosuke Susuki, Nobuhiko Yokoyama, Akira Maekawa, Akira Nabeshima, Keiichiro Iida, Toshifumi Fujiwara, Nokitaka Setsu, Tomoya Matsunobu, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Ryohei Yokoyama, Yuichi Yamada, Kenichi Kohashi, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Yoshinao Oda, Yukihide Iwamoto and Yasuharu Nakashima

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(7), 2062; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11072062 - 06 Apr 2022

Viewed by 2211

Abstract

Periosteal chondrosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant cartilage-forming tumour that originates from the periosteum and occurs on the surface of bone. Often, it is difficult to distinguish periosteal chondrosarcoma from other tumours, and reports in the literature are scarce. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of periosteal chondrosarcoma, focusing particularly on medullary invasion. Among 33 periosteal cartilaginous tumours, seven patients with pathologically proven periosteal chondrosarcoma were identified retrospectively. The average tumour size was 5.4 cm in the long axis; two tumours were smaller than 3.0 cm. Six tumours were resected with a wide margin, and the remaining tumour had a marginal margin. Histology revealed that six tumours (85.7%) had invaded the medullary cavity; three of these did not show invasion into the medullary cavity on MRI evaluation. Neither local recurrence nor metastasis was observed among these patients. The frequency of invasion of the medullary cavity was higher than that reported previously. The recommended treatment for periosteal chondrosarcoma is resection with an adequate margin. Therefore, surgeons should consider the possibility of medullary invasion when attempting to achieve a histologically negative margin, even if the tumour does not show invasion into the medullary cavity on MRI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Tumors)

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13 pages, 1707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences in Kinematic and Kinetic Patterns According to the Bone Tumor Location after Endoprosthetic Knee Replacement Following Bone Tumor Resection: A Comparative Gait Analysis between Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia

by Sungmin Kim, Changhyun Ryu and Sung-Taek Jung

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(18), 4100; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10184100 - 10 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1533

Abstract

Modular endoprostheses are frequently used to reconstruct skeletal and knee defects from bone tumor resection and preserve joint function in patients with bone tumors around the knee. Depending on the tumor location, the muscles and extent of the tumor can vary, which can affect gait function. This study aimed to analyze kinetic and kinematic characteristics according to tumor location in patients with endoprosthetic knee replacements after bone tumor resection. Gait analyses were performed in 16 patients who underwent knee endoprosthesis due to tumors around the knee. We divided the patients into distal femur (n = 7) and proximal tibia (n = 9) groups and conducted between-group comparisons and comparisons with healthy participants. Compared with the control group, the distal femur group showed a tendency for knee extension, and the proximal tibia group showed increased maximal dorsiflexion during stance. The proximal tibia group maintained a flexed hip during the entire gait cycle, compared with the distal femur group. In summary, our results suggest a difference in gait between the distal femur and proximal tibia groups. Patients who have undergone knee prosthesis after knee tumor resection may require different rehabilitation strategies according to the tumor location. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Tumors)

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Review

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15 pages, 3735 KiB

Open AccessReview

Update of Pediatric Lipomatous Lesions: A Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Overview

by Eline Ameloot, Fleur Cordier, Jo Van Dorpe and David Creytens

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(7), 1938; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm11071938 - 31 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3079

Abstract

Lipomatous neoplasms are a rare entity in the pediatric population, comprising less than 10% of soft tissue tumors in the first two decades of life. Some characteristics of pediatric adipocytic tumors are analogous to their adult counterparts, some pediatric lipomatous lesions however harbor unique features. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis and hence in the classification and treatment of pediatric adipocytic tumors. This literature-based article will provide a review of the presently known clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of pediatric lipomatous lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Tumors)

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15 pages, 1815 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biology and Management of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: State of the Art and Perspectives

by Jun Nishio, Shizuhide Nakayama, Kazuki Nabeshima and Takuaki Yamamoto

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(15), 3230; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10153230 - 22 Jul 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5738

Abstract

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) is defined as the transition from well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL)/atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) to non-lipogenic sarcoma, which arises mostly in the retroperitoneum and deep soft tissue of proximal extremities. It is characterized by a supernumerary ring and giant marker chromosomes, both of which contain amplified sequences of 12q13-15 including murinedouble minute 2 (MDM2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) cell cycle oncogenes. Detection of MDM2 (and/or CDK4) amplification serves to distinguish DDL from other undifferentiated sarcomas. Recently, CTDSP1/2-DNM3OS fusion genes have been identified in a subset of DDL. However, the genetic events associated with dedifferentiation of WDL/ALT remain to be clarified. The standard treatment for localized DDL is surgery, with or without radiotherapy. In advanced disease, the standard first-line therapy is an anthracycline-based regimen, with either single-agent anthracycline or anthracycline in combination with the alkylating agent ifosfamide. Unfortunately, this regimen has not necessarily led to a satisfactory clinical outcome. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of DDL may allow for the development of more-effective innovative therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, histopathology and treatment of DDL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Tumors)

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