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The Management of Craniofacial Anomalies—a Multi-Disciplinary Team Approach

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 11357

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chung H. Kau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Orthodontics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
Interests: craniofacial anomalies; dento-facial deformities; oral and maxillofacial surgery; orthognathic surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The craniofacial region is a complex area and important component of the human anatomy. Multiple functions of cognitive understanding, perception, visualization, gestation, nutrition, and jaw articulation occur in this region. It is also an area where the human person is perceived and provides confidence and self-esteem. About 1% of all newborns are potentially born with a craniofacial anomaly or deformity. In addition, other forms of craniofacial anomalies maybe acquired after birth or detected after growth-related disorders. Due to the complex nature of the anatomy, the anomalies of the craniofacial region need to be managed by a multi-disciplinary group of healthcare providers, and the treatments often span decades of life. This journal Issue focuses on some of the multi-disciplinary team approaches and also the latest clinical best practices.

Prof. Dr. Chung H. Kau
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

craniofacial
dento-facial deformity
orthodontics
plastic surgery
oral and maxillofacial surgery
orthognathic surgery

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 986 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Superior Orbicularis Oris Muscle Activity in Children Surgically Treated for Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

by Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld, Monika Elżbieta Machoy, Sławomir Wilczyński, Mariusz Lipski and Krzysztof Woźniak

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(8), 1720; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10081720 - 16 Apr 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1882

Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the superior orbicularis oris muscle both in children surgically treated for bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCCLP) as well as in subjects without BCCLP. The study comprised 77 children aged 6.6 to 12.5 years. All the patients with clefts had previously undergone lip and palate surgery. The upper lip electromyographic (EMG) assessments were made with a DAB-Bluetooth device (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) at rest, while swallowing saliva, protruding lips and compressing lips. EMG measurements were also made when the subjects produced phonemes /p/, /b/, and /m/ with the vowel /a/. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to statistically analyze the EMG values. Significantly higher median upper lip EMG activity under working conditions such as swallowing saliva, lip compression, and production of the phoneme /p/ with the vowel /a/ was observed in patients with BCCLP compared to those without a cleft. The results of the study showed that the upper lip muscle activity increases in children with BCCLP when swallowing saliva, compressing lips and during some speech movement tasks. This may be important in the aspect of the effect of surgical lip repair on the craniofacial growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Management of Craniofacial Anomalies—a Multi-Disciplinary Team Approach)

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9 pages, 1558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Follow-Up in Orofacial Clefts—Why Multidisciplinary Care Is the Key

by Bernd Lethaus, Elisabeth Grau, Anita Kloss-Brandstätter, Luise Brauer, Rüdiger Zimmerer, Alexander K. Bartella, Sebastian Hahnel and Anna K. Sander

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(4), 842; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10040842 - 18 Feb 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1782

Abstract

(1) Background: Although most clinicians involved in the treatment of cleft patients agree upon the major importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and many protocols and concepts have been discussed in the literature, there is little evidence of the relevance of continuous interdisciplinary care. We aimed to objectify the type and number of therapeutic decisions resulting from an annual multidisciplinary follow-up. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of all 1126 patients followed up in the weekly consultation hours for cleft patients at university clinics in Leipzig for the years 2005–2020. We assessed the clinical data of every patient and specifically evaluated the treatment decisions taken at different points in time by the participating experts of different specialties. (3) Results: In total, 3470 consultations were included in the evaluation, and in 70% of those, a therapeutic recommendation was given. Each specialty showed certain time frames with intense treatment demand, which partially overlapped. Nearly all therapy recommendations were statistically attached to a certain age (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: There is an exceptionally high need for the interdisciplinary assessment of patients with cleft formation. Some developmental phases are of particular importance with regard to regular follow-up and initiation of different treatment protocols. The therapy and checkup of cleft patients should be concentrated in specialized centers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Management of Craniofacial Anomalies—a Multi-Disciplinary Team Approach)

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10 pages, 813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Frequency of Additional Congenital Dental Anomalies in Children with Cleft Lip, Alveolar and Palate

by Przemysław Pastuszak, Izabella Dunin-Wilczyńska and Agnieszka Lasota

J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(12), 3813; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm9123813 - 25 Nov 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2580

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the risk of incidence of additional congenital dental anomalies in children with nonsyndromic cleft lip, alveolar and/without palate (CL/P). Hypodontia, hyperdontia and canines impaction was recognized. From patients with CL/P treated at the Clinic of Congenital Facial Deformities in Chair and Department of Jaw Orthopedics Medical University of Lublin, 56 subjects were randomly selected. On the panoramic radiographs taken at the age of 8–12 years, the angle of upper unerupted canines was measured using Westerlund’s recommendations. The supernumerary teeth and hypodontia were checked. The procedures: maxillary expansion, secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) and extraction of primary canines were noted. The frequency of canines impaction was 5.36%. Hypodontia was found in 37.5% of patients; hyperdontia was present in 23.21% of patients. No influence of procedures (expansion of the maxilla, SABG, deciduous canines extraction) on permanent maxillary canine eruption was proved. Patients with CL/P are exposed to the unfavorable position of unerupted maxillary canines most frequently in the cleft area of complete cleft. Maxillary lateral incisor on the cleft side is most frequently affected with congenital anomaly. Hypodontia and hyperdontia do not influence maxillary canine impaction. Good clinical result was achieved with an applied approach, which should be widely introduced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Management of Craniofacial Anomalies—a Multi-Disciplinary Team Approach)

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Review

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13 pages, 685 KiB

Open AccessReview

Early Orthodontic Treatments of Unilateral Posterior Crossbite: A Systematic Review

by Francesco Caroccia, Francesco Moscagiuri, Luigi Falconio, Felice Festa and Michele D’Attilio

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(1), 33; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcm10010033 - 24 Dec 2020

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4337

Abstract

We aimed to report an update of the systematic review by Petrén et al. (2003). The objective was to evaluate how orthodontic treatments can affect unilateral posterior crossbite (UPXB) in primary and early mixed dentition. Several databases were consulted, and articles published between January 2002 and March 2020 were selected. This review examines the following studies: randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies with concurrent untreated or normal control groups, and clinical trials comparing at least two treatment strategies. Among the 1581 articles retrieved from the searches, 11 studies were included. Quad-helix (QH) and expansion plate (EP) appliances were compared in three studies. One study compared rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment anchored on primary dentition otherwise on permanent molars. One study compared RME and a modified RME with arms extended until deciduous canine and EP. Four studies evaluated the effects of expansion appliances compared with a control group. Compared with the previous review, the quality of the included studies is higher. However, heterogeneity of treatments, different strategies in measurements, lack of a similar follow-up length, and absence of a cost-effectiveness analysis preclude the possibility of providing reliable scientific evidence on the most effective UPXB treatment in primary and early mixed dentition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Management of Craniofacial Anomalies—a Multi-Disciplinary Team Approach)

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