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J. Compos. Sci.
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Advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials
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Advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials

A special issue of Journal of Composites Science (ISSN 2504-477X). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 14978

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Michela Simoncini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, Università eCampus, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy
Interests: composite materials; lightweight alloys; material characterization; metal forming operations; metal cutting operations; solid state welding; sustainable manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Journal of Composites Science, entitled “Advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials”, focuses on advanced composite materials such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP), which have gained the attention of different industries, such as aerospace, automotive and motorsports industries, which produce lightweight and high-performance components.

Advanced composite materials, primarily governed by the properties of reinforcing fibers such as high strength and high stiffness characteristics, are characterized by their high potential in terms of stiffness/weight ratio, making them very attractive for structural applications in which low weight and high stiffness conditions have to be met.

The present Special Issue aims to collect contributions on the advanced carbon-fiber-reinforced composite materials, as well as to review the state-of-the-art on these materials. The manuscripts of this Issue will focus on the most significant and promising manufacturing technologies, machining and joining processes, modeling, simulation, material characterization and failure mechanisms.

A comprehensive overview of the most recent results and findings in the field of advanced composite materials will be provided.

Prof. Michela Simoncini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Composites Science is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Processing of short, long and continuous fiber composites
  • Joining processes
  • Machining processes
  • Reinforced plastics
  • Carbon fiber
  • Modeling and simulation
  • Material characterization
  • Monitoring
  • Structural composites
  • Functional composites
  • Lightweight structures
  • Recyclable composites
  • Sustainable composites
  • Composite fabrication
  • 3D printing
  • Automated fiber placement
  • Surfaces and interfaces
  • Composite failure
  • Multiscale modeling.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 5869 KiB  
Article
Effect of Defects Part I: Degradation of Constitutive Coefficients as an Input to the Composite Failure Model with Microvoids and Porosity
by Vahid Tavaf and Sourav Banerjee
J. Compos. Sci. 2022, 6(2), 37; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs6020037 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2139
Abstract
It is always challenging to provide appropriate material properties for a composite progressive failure model. The nonstandard percentage reduction method that is commonly used to degrade the material constants with micro-scale defects generates tremendous uncertainty in failure prediction. The constitutive matrix is composed [...] Read more.
It is always challenging to provide appropriate material properties for a composite progressive failure model. The nonstandard percentage reduction method that is commonly used to degrade the material constants with micro-scale defects generates tremendous uncertainty in failure prediction. The constitutive matrix is composed of multiple material constants. It is not necessary that all constants degrade either equally or linearly due to a certain state of material defects. With this very concern in mind, this article presents a guideline for using a quantified perturbation for each coefficient appropriately. It also presents distribution of effective material properties (EMPs) in unidirectional composite materials with different states of defects such as voids. Irrespective of resin transfer molding (RTM) or chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) processes, manufacturers’ defects such as voids of different shapes and sizes are the most common that occur in composite materials. Hence, it is important to quantify the ‘effects of defects’ void content herein on each material coefficient and EMP. In this article, stochastically distributed void parameters such as the void content by percent, size, shape, and location are considered. Void diameters and shapes were extracted from scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) images of 300,000 cycles of a fatigued composite. The EMPs were calculated by considering unit cells, homogenization techniques, and micromechanical concepts. The periodic boundary conditions were applied to unit cells to calculate the EMPs. The result showed that EMPs were degraded even when there was a small percentage of the void content. More importantly, the constitutive coefficients did not degrade equally but had a definitive pattern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials)
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21 pages, 12436 KiB  
Article
Temperature Study during the Edge Trimming of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic [0]8/Ti6Al4V Stack Material
by Arquimedes Castillo-Morales, Xavier Rimpault, Jean-François Chatelain and Gilbert Lebrun
J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5(5), 137; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs5050137 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1959
Abstract
Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) stacks are used extensively in the modern aerospace industry thanks to their outstanding mechanical properties and resistance to thermal load applications. Machining the CFRP/Ti6Al4V stack is a challenge and is complicated by the differences in [...] Read more.
Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) stacks are used extensively in the modern aerospace industry thanks to their outstanding mechanical properties and resistance to thermal load applications. Machining the CFRP/Ti6Al4V stack is a challenge and is complicated by the differences in each constituent materials’ machinability. The difficulty arises from the matrix degradation of the CFRP material caused by the heat generated during the machining process, which is a consequence of the low thermal conductivity of Ti6Al4V material. In most cases, CFRP and Ti6Al4V materials are stacked and secured together using rivets or bolts. This results in extra weight, while the drilling process required for such an assembly may damage the CFRP material. To overcome these issues, some applications employ an assembly that is free of bolts or rivets, and which uses adhesives or an adapted curing process to bond both materials together. The present research analyzes a thermal distribution and its effect on quality during the edge trimming process of a CFRP/Ti6Al4V stack assembly. Different types of tools and cutting parameters are compared using thermocouples embedded within the material and others on the tool cutting edge. In contrast to previous studies, the feed rate was the most significant factor affecting the cutting temperature and quality of the workpiece, while the cutting speed had no significant impact. The temperature in the workpiece increases as the feed per tooth decreases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials)
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12 pages, 3547 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Process Conditions for Continuous Growth of CNTs on the Surface of Carbon Fibers
by Chengjuan Wang, Yanxiang Wang and Shunsheng Su
J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5(4), 111; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs5040111 - 17 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1891
Abstract
Grafting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is one of the most commonly used methods for modifying carbon fiber surface, during which complex device is usually needed and the growth of CNTs is difficult to control. Herein, we provide an implementable and continuous chemical vapor deposition [...] Read more.
Grafting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is one of the most commonly used methods for modifying carbon fiber surface, during which complex device is usually needed and the growth of CNTs is difficult to control. Herein, we provide an implementable and continuous chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, by which the novel multiscale reinforcement of carbon nanotube (CNT)-grafted carbon fiber is prepared. After exploring the effects of the moving speed and growth atmosphere on the morphology and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber (CNTs/CF) reinforcement, the optimal CVD process conditions are determined. The results show that low moving speeds of carbon fibers passing through the reactor can prolong the growth time of CNTs, increasing the thickness and density of the CNTs layer. When the moving speed is 3 cm/min or 4 cm/min, the surface graphitization degree and tensile strength of CNTs/CF almost simultaneously reach the highest value. It is also found that H2 in the growth atmosphere can inhibit the cracking of C2H2 and has a certain effect on prolonging the life of the catalyst. Meanwhile, the graphitization degree is promoted gradually with the increase in H2 flow rate from 0 to 0.9 L/min, which is beneficial to CNTs/CF tensile properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials)
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Review

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21 pages, 18849 KiB  
Review
Development of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics for Mass-Produced Automotive Applications in Japan
by Yi Wan and Jun Takahashi
J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5(3), 86; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs5030086 - 22 Mar 2021
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 8094
Abstract
The application of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) for automotive mass production is attracting increasing attention from researchers and engineers in related fields. This article presents recent developments in CFRTPs focusing on the systematic development of lightweight CFRTP applications for automotive mass production. Additionally, [...] Read more.
The application of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) for automotive mass production is attracting increasing attention from researchers and engineers in related fields. This article presents recent developments in CFRTPs focusing on the systematic development of lightweight CFRTP applications for automotive mass production. Additionally, a related national project of Japan conducted at the University of Tokyo is also introduced. The basic development demands, the specific requirements of CFRTPs for lightweight applications in automotive mass production, and the current development status and basic scientific outputs are discussed. The development of high-performance CFRTPs (chopped carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastics (CTTs)) and functional CFRTPs (carbon fiber mat-reinforced thermoplastics (CMTs)) is also introduced. The fabrication process control of CTTs is evaluated, which demonstrates the extreme importance of the mechanical performance. The ultralight lattice, toughened structures, and orientation designable components of CMTs provide a flexible multi-material solution for the proposed applications. Moreover, highly efficient carbon fiber recycling technology is discussed, with recycled carbon fibers exhibiting outstanding compatibility with CFRTPs. A cost sensitivity analysis of carbon fiber and CFRTPs is conducted to guarantee the feasibility and affordability of their application. This article also discusses the trends and sustainability of carbon fiber and CFRTPs usage. The importance of the object-oriented optimal development of CFRTPs is emphasized to efficiently exploit their advantages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials)
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