Infrared-Image Processing for Climate Change Monitoring from Space

A special issue of Journal of Imaging (ISSN 2313-433X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2021) | Viewed by 6260

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Interests: image quality; photogrammetry; 3D reconstruction; computer vision; calibration and validation of sensor systems; image processing
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Guest Editor
School of physics and astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE4 5SP, UK
Interests: remote sensing; High-Temperature-Events; thermal remote sensing; remote sensing of gas flaring; fire remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The infrared spectral range extends from approximately 1 µm to 1 mm (300 GHz, including the terahertz radiation.). It is a broad spectrum with variable characteristics, which allows one to conduct different analyses on various subjects.

Historically, using the thermal infrared part of the spectrum was initiated for military purposes during World War I and II. Furthermore, this era was the advent of educating specialized personnel for the purpose of image acquisition and analysis. Only in the 1960s did the images become open to the broader public, but the first scientifically oriented mission launched in 1978.

Nowadays, various satellite and airborne missions are equipped with spectral bands in the infrared spectrum, and applications vary from agricultural to security. One of the most important application subjects is the analysis of high-temperature events, such as wildfires and volcanic eruptions.

Special particularities for IR image processing result from the following points:

  • In some spectral ranges, the radiation of the examined body contributes almost exclusively to the recorded signal. However, there are spectral ranges where the reflected radiation of the observed body is superimposed on the natural radiation, which causes practical difficulties in distinguishing these two signals.
  • In contrast to the visible spectral range, where one essentially works with photon detectors > 1 MPixel, IR detectors can be based on other detector principles (e.g., microbolometers). This changes the parameters of the recorded signal, e.g., noise behavior. The resolution of infrared sensors is usually well below 1 MPixel. Therefore, image quality, super-resolution and proof of resolution become decisive factors in the analysis.

Prof. Dr. Ralf Reulke
Ms. Agnieszka Soszyńska
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • New detector technologies
  • Detector and sensor principles
  • New imaging technologies
  • High resolution imaging
  • Image quality determination
  • Resolution improvement
  • Sub-pixel stitching, staggering
  • Object detection, tracking, etc.
  • Detection of high-temperature events
  • Characterization and parametrization of high-temperature events
  • Multi- and hyperspectral imaging
  • Radiation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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24 pages, 6178 KiB  
Article
The Capabilities of Dedicated Small Satellite Infrared Missions for the Quantitative Characterization of Wildfires
by Winfried Halle, Christian Fischer, Dieter Oertel and Boris Zhukov
J. Imaging 2022, 8(3), 78; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jimaging8030078 - 18 Mar 2022
Viewed by 2227
Abstract
The main objective of this paper was to demonstrate the capability of dedicated small satellite infrared sensors with cooled quantum detectors, such as those successfully utilized three times in Germany’s pioneering BIRD and FireBIRD small satellite infrared missions, in the quantitative characterization of [...] Read more.
The main objective of this paper was to demonstrate the capability of dedicated small satellite infrared sensors with cooled quantum detectors, such as those successfully utilized three times in Germany’s pioneering BIRD and FireBIRD small satellite infrared missions, in the quantitative characterization of high-temperature events such as wildfires. The Bi-spectral Infrared Detection (BIRD) mission was launched in October 2001. The space segment of FireBIRD consists of the small satellites Technologie Erprobungs-Träger (TET-1), launched in July 2012, and Bi-spectral InfraRed Optical System (BIROS), launched in June 2016. These missions also significantly improved the scientific understanding of space-borne fire monitoring with regard to climate change. The selected examples compare the evaluation of quantitative characteristics using data from BIRD or FireBIRD and from the operational polar orbiting IR sensor systems MODIS, SLSTR and VIIRS. Data from the geostationary satellite “Himawari-8” were compared with FireBIRD data, obtained simultaneously. The geostationary Meteosat Third Generation-Imager (MTG-I) is foreseen to be launched at the end of 2022. In its application to fire, the MTG-I’s Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) will provide related spectral bands at ground sampling distances (GSD) of 3.8 µm and 10.5 µm at the sub-satellite point (SSP) of 1 km or 2 km, depending on the used FCI imaging mode. BIRD wildfire data, obtained over Africa and Portugal, were used to simulate the fire detection and monitoring capability of MTG-I/FCI. A new quality of fire monitoring is predicted, if the 1 km resolution wildfire data from MTG-1/FCI are used together with the co-located fire data acquired by the polar orbiting Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and possibly prospective FireBIRD-type compact IR sensors flying on several small satellites in various low Earth orbits (LEOs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infrared-Image Processing for Climate Change Monitoring from Space)
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29 pages, 10802 KiB  
Article
Small Satellite Tools for High-Resolution Infrared Fire Monitoring
by Christian Fischer, Winfried Halle, Thomas Säuberlich, Olaf Frauenberger, Maik Hartmann, Dieter Oertel and Thomas Terzibaschian
J. Imaging 2022, 8(2), 49; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jimaging8020049 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3424
Abstract
Space-borne infrared remote sensing specifically for the detection and characterization of fires has a long history in the DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems. In the year 2001, the first DLR experimental satellite, Bi-spectral Infrared Detection (BIRD), was launched after an intensive test [...] Read more.
Space-borne infrared remote sensing specifically for the detection and characterization of fires has a long history in the DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems. In the year 2001, the first DLR experimental satellite, Bi-spectral Infrared Detection (BIRD), was launched after an intensive test period with cooled IR sensor systems on airborne systems. The main basis for the development of the FireBIRD mission with the two satellites, Technology Erprobungsträger No 1 (TET-1) and Bi-spectral-Infrared Optical System (BIROS), was the already space-proven sensor and satellite technology with successfully tested algorithms for fire detection and quantification in the form of the so-called fire radiation power (FRP). This paper summarizes the development principles for the IR sensor system of FireBIRD and the most critical design elements of the TET-1 and BIROS satellites, especially concerning the attitude control system—all very essential tools for high-resolution infrared fire monitoring. Key innovative tools necessary to increase the agility of small IR satellites are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infrared-Image Processing for Climate Change Monitoring from Space)
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