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A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 October 2021) | Viewed by 26609

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Prof. Dr. Grigory Ivanovich Dolgikh

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V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
Interests: hydrophysics; hydroacoustics; seismoacoustics; infrasound waves; interaction of geospheres; laser-interference methods
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Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of JMSE is devoted to the wave processes of the ocean, which are of crucial importance for its inhabitants. In addition, they play a crucial role in the energy exchange of geospheres and the Earth’s climate. Especially interesting are questions related to the nonlinear interaction of oscillations and waves of different frequency ranges, which lead to the formation of catastrophic phenomena. In the study of ocean wave processes, ranging from tidal to hydroacoustic, it is essential to study the physics of their occurrence, development, and transformation into neighboring geospheres. When studying tidal processes, seiches, surface and internal sea waves, as well infragravity waves, the question of the primary source of these oscillations and waves is extremely interesting: whether from the ocean, atmosphere, or lithosphere. From this point of view, an interdisciplinary approach aimed at the simultaneous study of processes of similar frequency ranges in all geospheres is critically important.

Dr. Grigory Ivanovich Dolgikh
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

tides
seiches
surface and internal sea waves
infragravity waves
tsunamis
solitons
solitary waves
interaction of geospheres

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 159 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Sea Level Fluctuations

by Grigory Ivanovich Dolgikh

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(3), 330; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse10030330 - 25 Feb 2022

Viewed by 1316

Abstract

We do not consider sea level change due to global warming, but only sea level fluctuations in our time scale [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

18 pages, 7236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deformation Anomalies Accompanying Tsunami Origination

by Grigory Dolgikh and Stanislav Dolgikh

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(10), 1144; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9101144 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1518

Abstract

Basing on the analysis of data on variations of deformations in the Earth’s crust, which were obtained with a laser strainmeter, we found that deformation anomalies (deformation jumps) occurred at the time of tsunami generation. Deformation jumps recorded by the laser strainmeter were apparently caused by bottom displacements, leading to tsunami formation. According to the data for the many recorded tsunamigenic earthquakes, we calculated the damping ratios of the identified deformation anomalies for three regions of the planet. We proved the obtained experimental results by applying the sine-Gordon equation, the one-kink and two-kink solutions of which allowed us to describe the observed deformation anomalies. We also formulated the direction of a theoretical deformation jump occurrence—a kink (bore)—during an underwater landslide causing a tsunami. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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19 pages, 8986 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detection and Analysis of the Causes of Intensive Harmful Algal Bloom in Kamchatka Based on Satellite Data

by Valery Bondur, Viktor Zamshin, Olga Chvertkova, Ekaterina Matrosova and Vasilisa Khodaeva

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(10), 1092; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9101092 - 07 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2490

Abstract

In this paper, the causes of the anomalous harmful algal bloom which occurred in the fall of 2020 in Kamchatka have been detected and analyzed using a long-term time series of heterogeneous satellite and simulated data with respect to the sea surface height (HYCOM) and temperature (NOAA OISST), chlorophyll-a concentration (MODIS Ocean Color SMI), slick parameters (SENTINEL-1A/B), and suspended matter characteristics (SENTINEL-2A/B, C2RCC algorithm). It has been found that the harmful algal bloom was preceded by temperature anomalies (reaching 6 °C, exceeding the climatic norm by more than three standard deviation intervals) and intensive ocean level variability followed by the generation of vortices, mixing water masses and providing nutrients to the upper photic layer. The harmful algal bloom itself was manifested in an increase in the concentration of chlorophyll-a, its average monthly value for October 2020 (bloom peak) approached 15 mg/m³, exceeding the climatic norm almost four-fold for the region of interest (Avacha Gulf). The zones of accumulation of a large amount of biogenic surfactant films registered in radar satellite imagery correlate well with the local regions of the highest chlorophyll-a concentration. The harmful bloom was influenced by river runoff, which intensively brought mineral and biogenic suspensions into the marine environment (the concentration of total suspended matter within the plume of the Nalycheva River reached 10 mg/m³ and more in 2020), expanding food resources for microalgae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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30 pages, 16405 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Express Image and Video Analysis Technology QAVIS: Application in System for Video Monitoring of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan/East Sea)

by Vitaly K. Fischenko, Anna A. Goncharova, Grigory I. Dolgikh, Petr S. Zimin, Aleksey E. Subote, Nelly A. Klescheva and Andrey V. Golik

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(10), 1073; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9101073 - 01 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2048

Abstract

The article describes the technology of express analysis of images and videos, recorded by coastal video monitoring systems, developed by the authors. Its main feature is its ability to measure or evaluate in real time the signals of sea waves, sea level fluctuations, variations of underwater currents, etc., on video recordings or streaming video from coastal cameras. The real-time mode is achieved due to processing video information read not from files, but from the graphic memory of the screen. Measurements of sea signals can be carried out continuously for a long time, up to several days, with high sampling rate, up to 16 Hz, at several points of the observed water area simultaneously. This potentially allows studying the entire spectrum of wave movements, from short waves with periods of 0.3–0.5 s to multi-day fluctuations at the sea level of a synoptic scale. The paper provides examples of the use of this technology for analyzing images and videos obtained in the network of scientific video monitoring of the Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan/East Sea), deployed by the authors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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20 pages, 8319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Sound Propagation in Western North Pacific Fronts

by Jiaqi Liu, Shengchun Piao, Minghui Zhang, Shizhao Zhang, Junyuan Guo and Lijia Gong

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 1035; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9091035 - 19 Sep 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2263

Abstract

Oceanic fronts involved by ocean currents led to strong gradients of temperature, density and salinity, which have significant effects on underwater sound propagation. This paper focuses on the impact of the oceanic front on three-dimensional underwater sound propagation. A joint experiment of ocean acoustic and physical oceanography at the western North Pacific fronts is introduced. The measurement data for sound waves passed through the oceanic front is processed. The results are analysed and compared with the numerical simulation. It was found that transmission loss presented some difference when the source was located in the front centre and sound waves propagated towards water mass on opposite sides of the front centre. And when the sound field is excited by the underwater explosion at a depth of 200 m, the effects of the horizontal refraction cannot be neglected. On the other hand, the transmission loss for sound pressure fell sharply and rose rapidly at the side of cold water masses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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13 pages, 4092 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Method of Studying Modulation Effects of Wind and Swell Waves on Tidal and Seiche Oscillations

by Grigory Ivanovich Dolgikh and Sergey Sergeevich Budrin

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 926; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9090926 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1592

Abstract

This paper describes a method for identifying modulation effects caused by the interaction of waves with different frequencies based on regression analysis. We present examples of its application on experimental data obtained using high-precision laser interference instruments. Using this method, we illustrate and describe the nonlinearity of the change in the period of wind waves that are associated with wave processes of lower frequencies—12- and 24-h tides and seiches. Based on data analysis, we present several basic types of modulation that are characteristic of the interaction of wind and swell waves on seiche oscillations, with the help of which we can explain some peculiarities of change in the process spectrum of these waves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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18 pages, 7962 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Dynamics and Transformation of Sea Surface Gravity Waves at the Shelf of Decreasing Depth

by Grigory I. Dolgikh, Olga S. Gromasheva, Stanislav G. Dolgikh and Alexander A. Plotnikov

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(8), 861; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9080861 - 10 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1349

Abstract

This paper reviews the results of the processing of synchronized data on hydrosphere pressure variations and the Earth’s crust deformation in the microseismic range (5–15 s), obtained over the course of numerous experiments, using a coastal laser strainmeter and laser meters of hydrosphere pressure variations installed in various points of the Sea of Japan shelf. Interpreting the results, we have discovered new regularities in the dynamics of surface progressive gravity waves, and their transformation into primary microseisms, when waves move at the shelf of decreasing depth. For example, we found non-isochronous behavior of progressive waves, which manifests itself in a decrease in the periods of gravity waves due to the transformation of a part of their energy into the energy of primary microseisms. Furthermore, when processing the synchronous fragments of the records, made by laser strainmeters and laser meters of hydrosphere pressure variations, we identified approximate zones of the most effective transformation of the energy of gravity progressive waves into the energy of primary microseisms, which start from the depth of less than a half-wavelength and stretch to the surf zone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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15 pages, 2604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scholte Wave Dispersion Modeling and Subsequent Application in Seabed Shear-Wave Velocity Profile Inversion

by Yang Dong, Shengchun Piao, Lijia Gong, Guangxue Zheng, Kashif Iqbal, Shizhao Zhang and Xiaohan Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(8), 840; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9080840 - 02 Aug 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3764

Abstract

Recent studies have illustrated that the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method is an effective geoacoustic parameter inversion tool. This particular tool employs the dispersion property of broadband Scholte-type surface wave signals, which propagate along the interface between the sea water and seafloor. It is of critical importance to establish the theoretical Scholte wave dispersion curve computation model. In this typical study, the stiffness matrix method is introduced to compute the phase speed of the Scholte wave in a layered ocean environment with an elastic bottom. By computing the phase velocity in environments with a typical complexly varying seabed, it is observed that the coupling phenomenon occurs among Scholte waves corresponding to the fundamental mode and the first higher-order mode for the model with a low shear-velocity layer. Afterwards, few differences are highlighted, which should be taken into consideration while applying the MASW method in the seabed. Finally, based on the ingeniously developed nonlinear Bayesian inversion theory, the seafloor shear wave velocity profile in the southern Yellow Sea of China is inverted by employing multi-order Scholte wave dispersion curves. These inversion results illustrate that the shear wave speed is below 700 m/s in the upper layers of bottom sediments. Due to the alternation of argillaceous layers and sandy layers in the experimental area, there are several low-shear-wave-velocity layers in the inversion profile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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15 pages, 2468 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Approach for Studying Variability of Sea Wave Spectra in a Wide Range of Wavelengths from High-Resolution Satellite Optical Imagery

by Valery Bondur and Alexander Murynin

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(8), 823; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9080823 - 30 Jul 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1446

Abstract

The development and validation of a method for remote measurement of the spectra of sea waves, which significantly expands the capabilities to study surface waves in large water areas in a wide range of wavelengths, is described. The applied approach is based on the use of retrieving operators, which are constructed by the method of numerical simulation, taking into account the nonlinear nature of brightness field modulation by the slopes of the sea surface. Retrieving operators have a set of parameters that are adapted to the real conditions of aerospace imaging. To assess the adequacy of the retrieving of wave spectra recorded from satellite images, they are compared with the spectra obtained by ground-based means under controlled conditions. The studies have shown the adequacy of remote measurement of the spectra of slopes and elevations of sea waves with wavelengths in the range 0.1–1 m. The possibility of using the developed method for studying the variability of sea waves in the coastal zone under conditions of limited fetch, including in the presence of anthropogenic disturbances, is shown. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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19 pages, 7450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Propagation under the Influence of Mesoscale Ocean Vortices

by Sartaj Khan, Yang Song, Jian Huang and Shengchun Piao

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(8), 799; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9080799 - 24 Jul 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2256

Abstract

Mesoscale ocean vortices are common phenomenon and fairly distributed over the global oceans. In this study, mesoscale vortex in the South China Sea is identified by processing of AIPOcean data. The characteristic parameters of the identified vortex are extracted by using Okubo-Weiss (OW) method. The empirical sound velocity formula and interpolation method are used to obtain the spatial characteristics of temperature and sound velocity of the mesoscale vortex. After this, a theoretical model based on the Gaussian method is established to fit and simulate the vortex parameters. Using this model, the influence of mesoscale vortex strength, cold and warm vortex, vortex center position and sound source frequency on sound propagation are analyzed in COMSOL software. Finally, the actual parameters of the identified vortex are compared with the ideal Gaussian vortex model. It is found that different types of mesoscale vortices have different effects on the underwater sound propagation characteristics. Cold vortices, for example, cause the sound energy convergence zone to move toward the sound source, reducing the convergence zone’s span, whereas warm vortices cause the sound energy convergence zone to move away from the sound source, increasing the convergence zone’s span. Furthermore, the stronger the mesoscale vortices, the greater the impact on the sound field. Our COMSOL-based results are consistent with previous research, indicating that this model could be useful for studying underwater acoustic propagation in vortices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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17 pages, 69484 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Mesoscale Eddy on the Characteristic of Sound Propagation

by Jiaqi Liu, Shengchun Piao, Lijia Gong, Minghui Zhang, Yongchao Guo and Shizhao Zhang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(8), 787; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse9080787 - 22 Jul 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3295

Abstract

A mesoscale eddy is detected and tracked in the western North Pacific region. Within the life cycle of the cyclonic eddies, the intensities of eddies make a difference. Satellite images indicate the oceanic eddy keeps westward-moving until it disappears. Oceanographic and acoustic characteristics of the eddy are studied. The acoustic energy distribution results from the different intensity of both modelled eddy and measured eddy are calculated. With sound propagation through the cyclonic eddy and anticyclonic eddy, the position of convergence zone moves away from and towards the acoustic source compared with the sound propagation through background hydrography. The coupling coefficient of different orders of normal modes changes significantly. The closer to the centre of the eddy, the stronger the coupling coefficient. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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15 pages, 6545 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Fluctuations of the Sea Level, Caused by Gravitational and Infra–Gravitational Sea Waves

by Grigory Dolgikh, Sergey Budrin and Stanislav Dolgikh

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(10), 796; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse8100796 - 13 Oct 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1726

Abstract

In the article we analyzed the results of processing experimental data of the range of surface gravity sea wind waves (2–20 s) and the range of infra-gravitational sea waves (30 s–10 min), obtained on the laser meter of hydrosphere pressure variations. The laser meter of hydrosphere pressure variations was installed for a long time on the bottom at different points of the Sea of Japan shelf. This paper presents the results of the analysis of swell waves caused by the KOMPASU typhoon, which passed over the Sea of Japan on 2–3 September 2010. Several mechanisms of the generation and propagation of waves with different periods during the typhoon movement are considered. In the course of the analysis, we studied the connection between variations of the main periods of gravitational sea waves with the dispersion and the Doppler effect, variations of speed and direction of the wind in a typhoon zone. The nonlinearity of the process of wave period change caused by dispersion is estimated. In the combined analysis of variations of hydrosphere pressure in the ranges of gravitational and infra-gravitational sea waves, we studied their energy relationships and determined regional infra-gravitational sea waves, which make a significant contribution to the energy of the infra-gravitational range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Level Fluctuations)

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