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Emerging and Endemic Mycoses
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Emerging and Endemic Mycoses

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Cell Biology, Metabolism and Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2020) | Viewed by 12000

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrew M. Borman

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Guest Editor
Public Health England UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
Interests: emerging and endemic mycoses; fungal taxonomy; diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infections; antifungal susceptibility testing; molecular identification of pathogenic fungi
Prof. Dr. Elizabeth M. Johnson

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Guest Editor
Public Health England UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
Interests: antifungal susuceptibility testing; diagnosis and treatment of invasive and superficial fungal infection; identification of pathogenic fungi; emerging and endemic fungal infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The landscape of fungal infections has evolved considerably over the last few decades. More aggressive approaches to managing haematological and other malignancies have created an extended population of patients at risk of acquiring invasive fungal infections caused by an ever increasing number of fungal pathogens. Other changes in human behaviour (e.g., the use of contact lenses) have coincided with increased numbers of cases of fungal keratitis in developed countries. Decades of antifungal drug use have driven the emergence of resistant fungi and also a shift in the spectrum of fungal pathogens encountered in high-risk patients. Genuinely novel fungal pathogens have also recently emerged locally as agents of widespread human and animal disease, and have seeded multiple continents as a result of increased population movements. In addition, sophisticated molecular identification approaches have resulted in the description of novel genera and species of endemic fungal pathogens, including new dimorphic fungi and several causative agents of neglected tropical diseases. This Special Issue of the Journal of Fungi will present state-of-the-art reviews and original research articles by leading authors on the topic of “Emerging and Endemic Mycoses”.

Prof. Dr. Andrew M. Borman
Prof. Dr. Elizabeth M. Johnson
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Emerging mycoses
  • endemic mycoses
  • candida auris
  • fusarium
  • dimorphic fungal pathogens
  • antifungal susceptibility
  • diagnosis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

36 pages, 9074 KiB  
Review
Mycotic Keratitis—A Global Threat from the Filamentous Fungi
by Jeremy J. Hoffman, Matthew J. Burton and Astrid Leck
J. Fungi 2021, 7(4), 273; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof7040273 - 03 Apr 2021
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 7411
Abstract
Mycotic or fungal keratitis (FK) is a sight-threatening disease, caused by infection of the cornea by filamentous fungi or yeasts. In tropical, low and middle-income countries, it accounts for the majority of cases of microbial keratitis (MK). Filamentous fungi, in particular Fusarium spp., [...] Read more.
Mycotic or fungal keratitis (FK) is a sight-threatening disease, caused by infection of the cornea by filamentous fungi or yeasts. In tropical, low and middle-income countries, it accounts for the majority of cases of microbial keratitis (MK). Filamentous fungi, in particular Fusarium spp., the aspergilli and dematiaceous fungi, are responsible for the greatest burden of disease. The predominant risk factor for filamentous fungal keratitis is trauma, typically with organic, plant-based material. In developed countries, contact lens wear and related products are frequently implicated as risk factors, and have been linked to global outbreaks of Fusarium keratitis in the recent past. In 2020, the incidence of FK was estimated to be over 1 million cases per year, and there is significant geographical variation; accounting for less than 1% of cases of MK in some European countries to over 80% in parts of south and south-east Asia. The proportion of MK cases is inversely correlated to distance from the equator and there is emerging evidence that the incidence of FK may be increasing. Diagnosing FK is challenging; accurate diagnosis relies on reliable microscopy and culture, aided by adjunctive tools such as in vivo confocal microscopy or PCR. Unfortunately, these facilities are infrequently available in areas most in need. Current topical antifungals are not very effective; infections can progress despite prompt treatment. Antifungal drops are often unavailable. When available, natamycin is usually first-line treatment. However, infections may progress to perforation in ~25% of cases. Future work needs to be directed at addressing these challenges and unmet needs. This review discusses the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management and aetiology of FK. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Endemic Mycoses)
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14 pages, 339 KiB  
Review
Endemic and Other Dimorphic Mycoses in The Americas
by Shawn R. Lockhart, Mitsuru Toda, Kaitlin Benedict, Diego H. Caceres and Anastasia P. Litvintseva
J. Fungi 2021, 7(2), 151; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jof7020151 - 20 Feb 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3887
Abstract
Endemic fungi are thermally dimorphic fungi that have a limited geographic range and can cause both primary disease and opportunistic infections. The Americas are home to more genera of endemic fungi than anywhere else on earth. These include Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Blastomyces [...] Read more.
Endemic fungi are thermally dimorphic fungi that have a limited geographic range and can cause both primary disease and opportunistic infections. The Americas are home to more genera of endemic fungi than anywhere else on earth. These include Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, and Sporothrix. Endemic fungi are found across the Americas and the Caribbean, from Blastomyces gilchristi, which extends into the northeast corners of North America, to Histoplasma capsulatum, which occurs all the way down in the southern regions of South America and into the Caribbean Islands. Symptoms of endemic fungal infection, when present, mimic those of many other diseases and are often diagnosed only after initial treatment for a bacterial or viral disease has failed. Endemic fungi place a significant medical burden on the populations they affect, especially in immunocompromised individuals and in resource-limited settings. This review summarizes the ecology, geographical range, epidemiology, and disease forms of the endemic fungi found in the Americas. An emphasis is placed on new and proposed taxonomic changes, including the assignment of new species names in Histoplasma, Blastomyces, and Paracoccidioides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Endemic Mycoses)
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