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Lubricants
Special Issues
Friction and Wear in Vehicles
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Friction and Wear in Vehicles

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 12343

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Robert Ian Taylor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
Interests: friction; wear; vehicles; fuel economy; lubrication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

A Special Issue of the Lubricants journal is being planned on the topic of “Friction and Wear in Vehicles”. This is a timely topic, since there is a big push for energy efficiency improvements for passenger cars, buses, on-road and off-road heavy duty vehicles, and ships. One route that has been taken successfully has been to use lower viscosity lubricants, although it is known these will lead to thinner oil films and may lead to wear issues. In addition, for passenger cars, the fleet is moving toward stop–start technology and electrification, either with battery electric vehicles (with no engine) or hybrid electric vehicles (where there is both a battery and an engine), and these new technologies may lead to new tribological issues. 

Given your expertise in this area, I would like to invite you to submit an article which is related to “Friction and Wear in Vehicles” to this Special Issue.  

Prof. Dr. Robert Ian Taylor
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 1725 KiB  
Article
Tire Wear Sensitivity Analysis and Modeling Based on a Statistical Multidisciplinary Approach for High-Performance Vehicles
by Guido Napolitano Dell’Annunziata, Giovanni Adiletta, Flavio Farroni, Aleksandr Sakhnevych and Francesco Timpone
Lubricants 2023, 11(7), 269; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/lubricants11070269 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
One of the main challenges in maximizing vehicle performance is to predict and optimize tire behavior in different working conditions, such as temperature, friction, and wear. Starting from several approaches to develop tire grip and wear models, based on physical principles, experimental data, [...] Read more.
One of the main challenges in maximizing vehicle performance is to predict and optimize tire behavior in different working conditions, such as temperature, friction, and wear. Starting from several approaches to develop tire grip and wear models, based on physical principles, experimental data, or statistical methods available in the literature, this work aims to propose a novel tire wear model that combines physical and statistical analysis on a large number of high-performance vehicle telemetries, tracks, and road data, as well as tires’ viscoelastic properties. Another contribution of this multidisciplinary study is the definition of the functional relationships that govern the tire–road interaction in terms of friction and degradation, conducting a thorough analysis of the car’s telemetry, the track and asphalt features, and the viscoelastic properties of the tires. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Vehicles)
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14 pages, 3190 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation into the Effects of Fuel Dilution on the Change in Chemical Properties of Lubricating Oil Used in Fuel Injection Pump of Pielstick PA4 V185 Marine Diesel Engine
by Piotr Kaminski
Lubricants 2022, 10(7), 162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/lubricants10070162 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5348
Abstract
The engine oil contamination caused by various chemical elements and fuel is an important problem. As a consequence, the engine oil loses its tribological properties, engine lubrication worsens and may lead to potential problems such as excessive wear, corrosion, etc. For that reason, [...] Read more.
The engine oil contamination caused by various chemical elements and fuel is an important problem. As a consequence, the engine oil loses its tribological properties, engine lubrication worsens and may lead to potential problems such as excessive wear, corrosion, etc. For that reason, the study of oil degradation and contamination due to the replacement strategies is of special interest to the engine operators and engine manufacturers. In this paper, the chemical elements and fuel dilution of engine oil are analyzed under real engine operating conditions. This research is focused on the fundamental question: how is the chemical performance of lubricant components impacted by diesel dilution? Various tribological tests were performed on regularly collected samples from the fuel injection pump of a Pielstick PA4 V185 marine diesel engine. These tests assessed the influence of fuel on the lubricating oil chemistry performance and useful residual life. Tests included variations in lubricant density, viscosity, flash point temperature and chemical components for 10 samples taken in the following hours of engine operation. Results suggest that diesel dilution only slightly affects chemical additive performance. Most of the examined chemical elements remained at a negligible level (below 1 ppm) in the case of elements whose content was greater, and the changes were either negligible (Al, Fe, MG, Si) in the grits from 1 to 5 ppm or higher (Ca, P, Zn, C), ranging from tens to several hundred ppm. On the other hand, the kinematic viscosity changed significantly from 89.8 to 12.0 cSt at 40 °C or from 9.8 to 2.9 cSt at 100 °C. The change in flash point, although significant from 236 (for fresh oil) to a value below 100, does not exceed the limit values. To sum up, the study concluded that the reduction in oil change intervals for this engine is worth considering under the given operating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Vehicles)
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24 pages, 5026 KiB  
Article
Effect of an Aftermarket Additive in Powertrain Wear and Fuel Consumption of Small-Capacity Motorcycles: A Lab and Field Study
by Oriana Palma Calabokis, Yamid Nuñez de la Rosa, Paulo César Borges and Tiago Cousseau
Lubricants 2022, 10(7), 143; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/lubricants10070143 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2416
Abstract
Metal conditioners (MC) are friction, wear, and heat-reducing agents between metal components in motion and are mainly used in engines and transmission boxes as aftermarket additives. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to assess the performance of a commercial MC. Laboratory tribotests revealed [...] Read more.
Metal conditioners (MC) are friction, wear, and heat-reducing agents between metal components in motion and are mainly used in engines and transmission boxes as aftermarket additives. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to assess the performance of a commercial MC. Laboratory tribotests revealed the MC’s potential to reduce wear and friction in lubricated steel contacts. Field studies were performed on two new motorcycles (160 cc) under urban driving conditions for 15,000 km. The physico-chemical properties of the used oils were similar and within the acceptable limits provided in the literature. The FTIR results showed that specific components in the MC formulation do not allow for a direct comparison between oils and their mixtures with MC. Regarding engine wear, MC provided overall aluminum and iron metal parts protection, mainly in the first 7000 km of engine break-in, but a higher wear of copper-containing parts, although at levels below the warning limits. Accurate measurements of engine components demonstrated there were changes of less than 0.05% in the cylinder, piston, and transmission system pieces, except for gear #5. The lubrication of the crown, pinion, transmission chain and gear #5 with the MC significantly increased their wear resistance. The motorcycle driven with MC maintained higher average fuel economy improvements (+1 km/L), representing a 2.5% gain compared to the other motorcycle. Although only two motorcycles were tested, the laboratory and field results suggested that mixing MC with the fully formulated oil (10W-30) reduces wear and friction during the break-in period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Vehicles)
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15 pages, 3422 KiB  
Article
Deuterium Tracer for Accurate Online Lube-Oil-Consumption Measurement: Stability, Compatibility and Tribological Characteristics
by Martin Vareka, Bernhard Rossegger, Franz Novotny-Farkas, Michael Engelmayer and Andreas Wimmer
Lubricants 2022, 10(5), 84; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/lubricants10050084 - 03 May 2022
Viewed by 1984
Abstract
Because of the impact of lubrication on the efficiency and the lifecycle cost and emissions, the lubricating-oil consumption (LOC) is one of the key indicators in the research and development of internal combustion engines. State-of-the-art methods for LOC measurement are based on the [...] Read more.
Because of the impact of lubrication on the efficiency and the lifecycle cost and emissions, the lubricating-oil consumption (LOC) is one of the key indicators in the research and development of internal combustion engines. State-of-the-art methods for LOC measurement are based on the use of a certain tracer to track the oil consumption. However, all of the currently available tracers have their downsides (e.g., the use of a radioactive tracer, corrosive emissions, etc.). Therefore, in the course of this research project, a new tracer substance that is based on a stable nonradioactive isotope of hydrogen—deuterium—was developed and tested thoroughly. The LOC is monitored by a hydrogen/deuterium isotopic ration in the exhaust gas by using an isotopic water analyzer. Tribologically important properties, such as the viscosity, stability, and compatibility of the tracer were investigated by laboratory experiments by using several tools, such as infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, thermogravimetry, etc. The properties relevant to the applicability of the method, such as the accuracy and the reproducibility, were investigated by engine test-bench experiments. Finally, long-term stability tests of the tracer were conducted with a field test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Wear in Vehicles)
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