Recent Research on Ferromagnetic Materials

A special issue of Magnetochemistry (ISSN 2312-7481). This special issue belongs to the section "Magnetic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2023) | Viewed by 8220

Special Issue Editors

College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
Interests: magnetism and magnetic materials
Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Jülich, Germany
Interests: ultrafast spin dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue provides an important platform for the submission and sharing of original contributions covering the topics of magnetic theory, ferromagnetic materials and their properties, magnetic recording materials and technology, spintronics, measurements and applications of ferromagnetic materials. These original research papers should report valuable findings for the benefit of the scientific communities that comprise our journal’s audience. Studies on the links between chemical, structural and microstructural properties, as well as magnetic properties, are encouraged. This Special Issue encourages a greater interaction between the basic and applied sub-disciplines of magnetism with comprehensive review articles as well as full-length research papers and letters.

Dr. Derang Cao
Dr. Roman Adam
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • ferromagnetic materials
  • nanomagnetism
  • spintronics
  • magnetic film
  • magnetic particles
  • magnetic applications
  • magnetic measurement technique

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 9906 KiB  
Article
PTA-Welded Coatings with Saturation Magnetization above 1.3 T Using FeCrBSi Powders with Chemical Composition Similar to AISI 430 Ferrite Stainless Steel
by Yingqing Fu, Haiming Wang, Wenhao Huang, Zhoujian Pan, Changhao Liu, Lei Zhao, Chao Li, Liangyu Zhu and Naibao Huang
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(4), 93; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry9040093 - 29 Mar 2023
Viewed by 975
Abstract
Fe-Cr-based soft magnetic alloy (SMA) monolayer coatings with high saturation magnetization (Ms) above 1.3 T were deposited onto AISI 1010 substrate by co-axial powder feeding plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding, using FeCrBSi self-fluxing powders Fe313, which have a similar chemical composition to AISI [...] Read more.
Fe-Cr-based soft magnetic alloy (SMA) monolayer coatings with high saturation magnetization (Ms) above 1.3 T were deposited onto AISI 1010 substrate by co-axial powder feeding plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding, using FeCrBSi self-fluxing powders Fe313, which have a similar chemical composition to AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel (FSS). The effect of welding parameters on the phase assemblage, microstructure, hardness and magnetic performance of the coatings was investigated. The results show that the coating’s maximum width and the welding surplus height increased with the rise in welding heat input and powder distribution density, respectively. The coating’s Ms increased sharply, but its coercivity (Hc) decreased with the growth in the substrate dilution ratio. The coating’s Hc increased whereas its Ms decreased with the increment in welding heat input. The as-welded coating C3 with optimum magnetic performance had a dendrites–eutectics composite structure, where the columnar or equiaxed sorbitic pearlite dendritic cores surrounded by network-like eutectics α(Fe,Cr) + (Fe1−xCrx)2B were the main contents. Moreover, (Fe,Cr)7C3 and CrB had also been detected, and they were mainly distributed in the interdendritic regions. The body-centered cubic (b.c.c.) α(Fe,Cr) multi-element solid solution contributes to a high Ms of 1.61 T, and the borides (Fe1−xCrx)2B and CrB as well as (Fe,Cr)7C3 and other carbides cause a high Hc of 58.6 Oe and hardness HV0.3 of 4.90 ± 0.06 GPa, much higher than that of AISI 430 FSS (HV < 1.8 GPa). The current work verifies the feasibility of fabricating Ni- and Co-free FeCrBSi SMA coatings with high Ms and high hardness via PTA welding, and since the feedstock powders have chemical composition similar to AISI 430 FSS, the work may bring about novel applications for AISI 430 FSS in particular cases where the considerable wear-resistant performance as well as superior soft magnetic and anti-corrosive properties are required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Ferromagnetic Materials)
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10 pages, 2154 KiB  
Article
Effect of Magnetic Coupling on the Optical Properties of Oxide Co Nanowires on Vicinal Pt Surfaces
by Kseniya M. Tsysar, Dmitry I. Bazhanov and Ekaterina M. Smelova
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(3), 72; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry9030072 - 02 Mar 2023
Viewed by 961
Abstract
Nowadays, modern scientific research has sparked a renewed interest to study the interaction of electromagnetic field (EM) with magnetic nanostructures and in particular in nanophotonics and spintronics. The current work is devoted to an ab initio study of the magneto-optical properties of step-decorated [...] Read more.
Nowadays, modern scientific research has sparked a renewed interest to study the interaction of electromagnetic field (EM) with magnetic nanostructures and in particular in nanophotonics and spintronics. The current work is devoted to an ab initio study of the magneto-optical properties of step-decorated oxide Co nanowires (1D oxides) on vicinal Pt surfaces. Theoretical calculations of the magnetic moments are based on ab initio spin-polarized density-functional theory (DFT) including a self-consistent treatment of spin-orbit coupling. The first-principles calculations revealed the effect of magnetic coupling between cobalt spins on refractivity and extinction spectra of these 1D oxides governed by atomic structure and cobalt-oxygen interaction within a nanowire at the step edge. The emergence of a sharp pronounced peak in the spectral difference of the refractive indexes has been observed between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic configurations of the nanowire. Anisotropy of an extinction coefficient in the terahertz (THz) range of the spectra was established for oxide Co nanowires in an antiferromagnetic state in contrast with a ferromagnetic one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Ferromagnetic Materials)
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13 pages, 7505 KiB  
Article
Magnetic and Resonance Properties of a Low-Dimensional Cobalt–Aluminum Oxide–Germanium Film Tunnel Junction Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering
by Aleksandr V. Kobyakov, Gennadiy S. Patrin, Vasiliy I. Yushkov, Yaroslav G. Shiyan, Roman Yu. Rudenko, Nikolay N. Kosyrev and Sergey M. Zharkov
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(10), 130; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry8100130 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1235
Abstract
The temperature behavior of saturation magnetization and the temperature behavior of the integral signal intensity in electron magnetic resonance spectra is experimentally studied comprehensively using a low-dimensional Al2O3/Ge/Al2O3/Co (aluminum oxide–cobalt–aluminum oxide–germanium) tunnel junction with different [...] Read more.
The temperature behavior of saturation magnetization and the temperature behavior of the integral signal intensity in electron magnetic resonance spectra is experimentally studied comprehensively using a low-dimensional Al2O3/Ge/Al2O3/Co (aluminum oxide–cobalt–aluminum oxide–germanium) tunnel junction with different deposition velocities of a ferromagnetic metal (Co) thin layer and non-magnetic layers (Al2O3/Ge/Al2O3). The cobalt ferromagnetic layer was deposited on aluminum oxide in two ways: in one cycle of creating the structure and with atmospheric injection before deposition of the cobalt layer. The thermomagnetic curves revealed the appearance of minima observed at low temperatures on both sides of the cobalt layer. Possible sources of precession perturbations at low temperatures can be explained by: the influence of the Al2O3 layer structure on the Al2O3/Co interface; residual gases in the working chamber atmosphere and finely dispersed cobalt pellets distributed over the cobalt film thickness. The work offers information of great significance in terms of practical application, for both fundamental physics and potential applications of ultrathin films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Ferromagnetic Materials)
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10 pages, 2363 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Properties Regulation of FeGa and FeGaNi Films with Oblique Magnetron Sputtering
by Chun Wang, Sanmin Ke and Zhen Wang
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(10), 111; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry8100111 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1262
Abstract
Magnetic FeGa and FeGaNi films with an in-plane anisotropy were deposited by employing oblique magnetron sputtering. With the increase in oblique angle, the crystallite size of FeGa decreases, which indicates that oblique sputtering can refine the crystallite size. The remanence ratio of FeGa [...] Read more.
Magnetic FeGa and FeGaNi films with an in-plane anisotropy were deposited by employing oblique magnetron sputtering. With the increase in oblique angle, the crystallite size of FeGa decreases, which indicates that oblique sputtering can refine the crystallite size. The remanence ratio of FeGa films increases from 0.5 to 0.92 for an easy axis, and the coercivity increases with the decrease in the crystallite size. The calculated static anisotropic field shows that the in-plane magnetic anisotropy can be induced by oblique sputtering and the strength increases with the oblique sputtering angle. After doping Ni by co-sputtering, FeGaNi films exhibit a stable remanence ratio at 0.8, low coercivity and good anisotropy. With the low sputtering power of the Ni target, there is a competitive relationship between the effect of crystallite size and Ni doping which causes the coercivity of FeGaNi films to first increase and then decrease with the increase in the oblique angle. The FeGaNi film also shows high anisotropy in a small oblique angle. The variation of coercivity and anisotropy of FeGaNi films can be explained by the crystalline size effect and increase in Ni content. For the increasing intensity of collisions between FeGa and Ni atoms in the co-sputtering, the in-plane magnetic anisotropy increases first and then decreases. As a result, the magnetic properties of FeGa films were examined to tailor their magnetic softness and magnetic anisotropy by controlling the oblique sputtering angle and Ni doping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Ferromagnetic Materials)
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11 pages, 2283 KiB  
Article
Interlayer Coupling and High-Frequency Performance in Magnetic Anisotropic FeCoB/Hf/FeCoB Trilayers with Various Hf Thicknesses
by Duo Liu, Shouheng Zhang and Shandong Li
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(6), 65; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry8060065 - 16 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1582
Abstract
FeCoB (25 nm)/Hf(tHf)/FeCoB (25 nm) sandwich films with different hafnium thicknesses tHf were fabricated using a modified compositional gradient sputtering method to obtain self-biased high-frequency performances. The effects of tHf on the interlayer coupling and FMR frequency were [...] Read more.
FeCoB (25 nm)/Hf(tHf)/FeCoB (25 nm) sandwich films with different hafnium thicknesses tHf were fabricated using a modified compositional gradient sputtering method to obtain self-biased high-frequency performances. The effects of tHf on the interlayer coupling and FMR frequency were investigated. It is revealed that interlayer coupling enhanced the resonance frequency by 48%, and a ferromagnetic coupling between the FeCoB films occurred for the trilayers with tHf < 3.0 nm, likely due to the interface roughness and pinhole effect. In this case, only acoustic mode resonance was observed with the same high-frequency performance as the corresponding FeCoB single layer. In contrast, a tHf-dependent antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling appeared at tHf > 3.0 nm. The coupling coefficient J1 was antiferromagnetic, and a biquadratic coupling J2 appeared at tHf > 3.5 nm. The coupling mechanism was simulated and verified by Layadi’s rigid model, and the simulation was consistent with the experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Ferromagnetic Materials)
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Review

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15 pages, 2971 KiB  
Review
Application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in an Electrochemical Energy Storage System
by Xiancheng Sang, Xixiang Xu, Zeyuan Bu, Shuhao Zhai, Yiming Sun, Mingyue Ruan and Qiang Li
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(3), 63; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry9030063 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1427
Abstract
The improvement of our living standards puts forward higher requirements for energy storage systems, especially rechargeable batteries. Unfortunately, phenomena such as capacity failure, etc. have been major difficulties in the field of energy storage. Therefore, we need some advanced means to explore the [...] Read more.
The improvement of our living standards puts forward higher requirements for energy storage systems, especially rechargeable batteries. Unfortunately, phenomena such as capacity failure, etc. have been major difficulties in the field of energy storage. Therefore, we need some advanced means to explore the reaction process and mechanisms of the cell. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has the advantages of a high sensitivity to electrons, lack of damage to samples, quantitative analysis, etc., which can make for a more in-depth exploration of most paramagnetic electrode materials and metal electrode materials. After a brief description of the principle of EPR, this review briefly summarizes the application of EPR to the characterization of transition metal oxide cathode and lithium metal anode electrode materials in recent years, such as showing how to study electrode materials by using EPR in situ and operando. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Ferromagnetic Materials)
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