Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials

A special issue of Magnetochemistry (ISSN 2312-7481). This special issue belongs to the section "Magnetic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 14934

Special Issue Editors

Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: synthesis of two-dimensional materials; electromagnetic transport
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Interests: two-dimensional materials and heterostructures; quantum transport

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layered materials have attracted extensive attention for their great potential applications in electronic, optoelectronic, and electrochemical areas since the discovery of graphene in 2004. Recently, a new research highlight has appeared in 2D materials: 2D vdW magnetic materials, which debunk the Mermin–Wagner theorem that isotropic 2D materials cannot show long-range magnetism due to thermal fluctuation. The existence of magnetic anisotropy induces the band gap of magnon in the dispersion relation of spin wave, separating. This band gap splits into the ground state and the excited state of the magnon, so that the magnon in the ground state can maintain the spin ordered state and exhibit the intrinsic long-range ordered magnetism. A long-range magnetic order was firstly observed in 2D FePS3, Cr2Ge2Te6, and CrI3 crystals. Due to their ultrathin thickness and combination of vdW forces between layers, their magnetism can be effectively controlled by the electric field, chemical modification, thickness, and so on. At the same time, some interesting physical phenomena have been revealed in these materials, such as the magnetic proximity effect, chiral spin state, exchange bias effect, and quantum anomalous Hall effect.

This Special Issue aims to publish a collection of forefront research articles that will expose the latest achievements in the theoretical and experimental study of 2D magnetic materials. We are particularly interested in, and invite colleagues to submit, original research articles that will fit into one of the topics listed below.

Dr. Bo Li
Dr. Xiaoxi Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Magnetochemistry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • synthesis of 2D magnetic materials
  • characterization of 2D magnetic materials
  • devices of 2D magnetic materials
  • magnetic atoms doping in 2D materials
  • 2D magnetic heterostructures
  • theoretical calculation of 2D magnetic materials
  • magnetic manipulation of 2D materials
  • strain inducing magnetism in 2D materials
  • electromagnetic transport in 2D materials

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 2139 KiB  
Communication
In Situ Tuning of Magnetism in Fe3GeTe2 via Argon Ions Irradiation
by Shan Wang, Chuanwu Cao and Jian-Hao Chen
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(5), 125; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry9050125 - 09 May 2023
Viewed by 1224
Abstract
We report the continuous argon ions irradiation of itinerant Fe3GeTe2, a two-dimensional ferromagnetic metal, with the modification to its transport properties measured in situ. Our results show that defects generated by argon ions irradiation can significantly weaken the [...] Read more.
We report the continuous argon ions irradiation of itinerant Fe3GeTe2, a two-dimensional ferromagnetic metal, with the modification to its transport properties measured in situ. Our results show that defects generated by argon ions irradiation can significantly weaken the magnetization (M) and coercive field (Hc) of Fe3GeTe2, demonstrating the tunable magnetism of this material. Specifically, at base temperature, we observed a reduction of M and Hc by up to 40% and 62.4%, respectively. After separating the contribution from different mechanisms based on the Tian-Ye-Jin (TYJ) scaling relation, it’s the skew scattering that dominates the contribution to anomalous Hall effect in argon ions irradiated Fe3GeTe2. These findings highlight the potential of in situ transport modification as an effective method for tailoring the magnetic properties of two-dimensional magnetic materials, and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the tunable magnetism in Fe3GeTe2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials)
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8 pages, 2186 KiB  
Communication
Ferroelectric Polarization in an h-BN-Encapsulated 30°-Twisted Bilayer–Graphene Heterostructure
by Lingling Ren and Baojuan Dong
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(5), 116; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry9050116 - 26 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1600
Abstract
Recently, the emergent two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials have provided new possibilities for the miniaturization of ferroelectric systems and the integration of novel 2D nano-electronic devices. In addition to the intrinsic ferroelectrics exfoliated from bulk, 2D heterostructures hybridized from electrically non-polarized van der Waals [...] Read more.
Recently, the emergent two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials have provided new possibilities for the miniaturization of ferroelectric systems and the integration of novel 2D nano-electronic devices. In addition to the intrinsic ferroelectrics exfoliated from bulk, 2D heterostructures hybridized from electrically non-polarized van der Waals (vdW) materials have also been proven to be a promising platform for the construction of ferroelectricity. Here, we report 30° twisted bilayer–graphene (TBLG) incommensurate moiré superlattice encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), in which robust hysteretic resistance was detected at the top interface between h-BN and the TBLG from room temperature down to 40 mK. The hysteretic phenomenon can be understood by the extra carrier induced by the interfacial 2D ferroelectric polarization, which is estimated to be around 0.7 pC/m. Our work of interfacial ferroelectric heterostructure achieved by a TBLG/h-BN hybrid system expands the 2D ferroelectric families and opens more possibilities for future coupling the ferroelectricity with rich electronic and optical properties in vdW twistronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials)
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8 pages, 1853 KiB  
Communication
An Optical Spectroscopic Study of Air-Degradation of van der Waals Magnetic Semiconductor Cr2Ge2Te6
by Woye Pei, Zhiren Xiong, Yingjia Liu, Xingguang Wu, Zheng Vitto Han, Siwen Zhao and Tongyao Zhang
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(4), 104; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry9040104 - 10 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1165
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors exhibit unique combination of electronic and magnetic properties, holding great promise in potential applications such as spintronics and magneto-optics. However, many of them are air-sensitive, and their properties can be significantly altered upon exposure to air. Here, we showed [...] Read more.
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors exhibit unique combination of electronic and magnetic properties, holding great promise in potential applications such as spintronics and magneto-optics. However, many of them are air-sensitive, and their properties can be significantly altered upon exposure to air. Here, we showed an optical spectroscopic investigation of the effects of air-degradation on few-layered van der Waals (vdW) magnetic semiconductor Cr2Ge2Te6. It was found that although the partially degraded few-layered Cr2Ge2Te6 showed a significant Raman redshift and a split of Eg peak at room temperature, the magneto-optic Kerr hysteresis loop can remain largely unchanged below the Curie temperature. Temperature-dependent Raman measurements further revealed characteristic blueshifts of phonon energy, which were associated with the ferromagnetic phase transition in partially degraded Cr2Ge2Te6, in agreement with Kerr measurements. Our results provide an optical spectroscopic insight into the air-instability of 2D magnetic semiconductors, and contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between phonon modes and long-range spin order at the presence of defects in ultra-thin vdW magnetic semiconductors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials)
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8 pages, 2246 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Detection of Magnetic Phase Transition in Suspended CrOCl Heterostructures
by Xiaoxi Li, Xuanzhe Sha, Ning Yan and Tongyao Zhang
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(12), 170; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry8120170 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1496
Abstract
With their outstanding mechanical and magnetic characteristics, two-dimensional magnetic materials have attracted wide attentions in the field of nanoelectromechanics and spintronics. By tuning the mechanical resonance with external knobs, such as strain, electric and magnetic control, nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel functionalities have been [...] Read more.
With their outstanding mechanical and magnetic characteristics, two-dimensional magnetic materials have attracted wide attentions in the field of nanoelectromechanics and spintronics. By tuning the mechanical resonance with external knobs, such as strain, electric and magnetic control, nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel functionalities have been successfully demonstrated. Here, we investigate the mechanical properties of the suspended membranes with few-layered antiferromagnetic material CrOCl. The results show that the Young’s modulus of CrOCl resonators is ~137.29 GPa by using a static detection method. Below the transition temperature TN, the mechanical resonance is found to strongly depend on the magnetic fields with an enormous blueshift of ~3.1% in the magnetic-field-induced phase transition. In addition, we also found that the variation of strain of system ϵ was about 1.5 × 10−3 during the transition. Our study shows the great potential of two-dimensional magnetic materials in future nanoelectronic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials)
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8 pages, 3115 KiB  
Article
Phototransistors Based on hBN-Encapsulated NiPS3
by Yingjia Liu and Xingdan Sun
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(9), 101; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry8090101 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1817
Abstract
Transition metal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MPX3) have been extensively investigated as photodetectors due to their wide-bandgap semiconductor properties. However, the research involved in the photoresponses at low temperatures remain blank. Here, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)-encapsulated NiPS3 field effect transistors were fabricated [...] Read more.
Transition metal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MPX3) have been extensively investigated as photodetectors due to their wide-bandgap semiconductor properties. However, the research involved in the photoresponses at low temperatures remain blank. Here, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)-encapsulated NiPS3 field effect transistors were fabricated by using the dry-transfer technique, indicating strong stability under atmospheric environments. The NiPS3 devices with the thickness of 10.4 nm, showed broad photoresponses from near-infrared to ultraviolet radiation at the liquid nitrogen temperature, and the minimum of rise time can reach 30 ms under the wavelength of 405 nm. The mechanism of temperature-dependent photoresponses can be deduced by competition between Schottky barrier height and thermal fluctuation. Our findings provide insights into superior phototransistors in few-layered NiPS3 for ultrasensitive light detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials)
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12 pages, 5237 KiB  
Article
Spin-Filter Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Based on A-Type Antiferromagnetic CrSBr with Giant Tunnel Magnetoresistance
by Hao Liu, Yue-Yang Liu, Hongyu Wen, Haibin Wu, Yixin Zong, Jianbai Xia and Zhongming Wei
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(8), 89; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry8080089 - 11 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2174
Abstract
CrSBr is a stable two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnet with intralayer ferromagnetic and interlayer antiferromagnetic couplings. Here, we propose to use CrSBr as the barrier in spin-filter (sf) MTJ and establish the devices based on graphene/CrSBr/graphene structures. Employing density functional theory [...] Read more.
CrSBr is a stable two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnet with intralayer ferromagnetic and interlayer antiferromagnetic couplings. Here, we propose to use CrSBr as the barrier in spin-filter (sf) MTJ and establish the devices based on graphene/CrSBr/graphene structures. Employing density functional theory (DFT) combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function approach, we investigated the transmission details, and the results show TMR values above 330%, 2 × 107% and 105% with two-, four- and six-layer CrSBr at zero bias, respectively. Subsequently, we systematically analyze the transmission spectra, transmission eigenstates, electrostatic potentials, band structures and local density of states to elaborate the underlying mechanism of the TMR effect in the sf-MTJs. Our results indicate the great prospect of CrSBr-based sf-MTJs in applications, and provide guidance for futural experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials)
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8 pages, 3023 KiB  
Article
Anomalous Hall Effect and Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect in Pt/Co/Pt Heterostructure
by Yiming Sun, Liangwei Wu, Mengmeng Yang, Mengjia Xia, Wei Gao, Dongxiang Luo, Nengjie Huo and Jingbo Li
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(5), 56; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry8050056 - 12 May 2022
Viewed by 2344
Abstract
Magnetic multilayer with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) has attracted sustained interest owing to its importance to fundamental physics and applications. In this work, the high quality of Pt/Co/Pt heterostructures with large PMA was successfully achieved to exhibit a large anomalous Hall effect [...] Read more.
Magnetic multilayer with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) has attracted sustained interest owing to its importance to fundamental physics and applications. In this work, the high quality of Pt/Co/Pt heterostructures with large PMA was successfully achieved to exhibit a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) with squared Hall loops. By calculating the proportional relationship between the longitudinal resistivity (ρxx) and the abnormal Hall coefficient (Rs), it is confirmed that the basic mechanism of AHE comes from the external skew scattering (SS) and side jump (SJ), while SS contribution, related to asymmetric scattering from impurities, is dominant in the AHE. Furthermore, the obvious magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) was also observed using the polar MOKE microscopy. The obviously circular magnetic domain can form and propagate in response to the applied out-of-plane magnetic field, resulting in the magnetization reversal of the entire film. This work offers important information in terms of both AHE and MOKE in the ultrathin ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy, establishing the application foundation for the nonvolatile memories and spintronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials)
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Review

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20 pages, 13102 KiB  
Review
Two-Dimensional Doped Materials
by Junchi Liu, Bo Li and Qiuqiu Li
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(12), 172; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/magnetochemistry8120172 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2281
Abstract
The recently intensified research in atomically thick two-dimensional (2D) materials has been motivated by their unique properties and the possibility of updating the future electronic and optoelectronic technologies. Doping can change the band structure of a semiconductor and regulate its physical and chemical [...] Read more.
The recently intensified research in atomically thick two-dimensional (2D) materials has been motivated by their unique properties and the possibility of updating the future electronic and optoelectronic technologies. Doping can change the band structure of a semiconductor and regulate its physical and chemical properties. Doping has a significant effect on the electronic structure of 2D materials due to their atomic thickness. Here, we present a tutorial review of 2D doped materials (except graphene), including various doping types and theoretical calculations, the preparation and characterization methods, and its multifunctional application. Finally, we will summarize by stating the current challenges and future opportunities in the development of 2D doped materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials)
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