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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vladimir Eugenievich Yudin

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Guest Editor

Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg (ex Leningrad), Russia
Interests: chitosan; chitin; bone grafting; hemostatic; wound dressing; tissue engineering; 3D bioprinting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to recent advances in biology and medicine, the problems of creating materials that can (partially or completely) replace human or animal organs were brought to the fore. A matrix for tissue engineering constructions should provide adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of cells, be biocompatible and non-toxic, and possess a certain mechanical strength and elasticity parameters that are necessary for manipulations with these materials in liquid media. Chitosan is the most promising polymer for tissue engineering applications since it possesses the above properties. However, this polymer is highly hydrophilic; therefore, chitosan-based materials are unstable in the wet state, and their strength decreases in aqueous media. In this connection, the use of biocompatible organic nanoparticles as chitin nanofibrils is particularly important for regulating properties of chitosan matrices. Different methods are used to process one-, two-, and three-dimensional matrices based on chitosan and chitin nanofibrils. They are the wet spinning method for producing composite fibers; electrospinning for producing nanofibers cloth; lyophilization of chitosan solutions and their mixtures with nanoparticles to form porous three-dimensional matrices; and, finally, 3D bioprinting. The materials thus developed to form fibers, films, tubular samples, and sponges can be used as surgical suture threads, effective wound dressing, blood vessels, hemostatic materials, and others. However, despite considerable success reached in chitosan and/or chitin nanofibril-based biomaterials, materials that fully comply with the requirements of tissue engineering and medicine are still not developed.

This Special Issue on “Application of Chitosan and/or Chitin Nanofibrils in Medical Treatment” will provide a platform for researchers to publish studies using these biopolymers in tissue engineering contexts. We welcome innovative research on biomedical and therapeutic applications of chitosan and chitin nanofibrils.

Dr. Vladimir Eugenievich Yudin
Guest Editor

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Keywords

chitosan
chitin nanofibrils
tissue engineering
regenerative medicine
pharmaceutical
biotechnology
chemical modification
physical modification
3D bioprinting

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3208 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biochemical Properties and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Chitosan-Immobilized Papain

by Diana R. Baidamshina, Victoria A. Koroleva, Svetlana S. Olshannikova, Elena Yu. Trizna, Mikhail I. Bogachev, Valeriy G. Artyukhov, Marina G. Holyavka and Airat R. Kayumov

Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(4), 197; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md19040197 - 31 Mar 2021

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 3364

Abstract

Chitosan, the product of chitin deacetylation, is an excellent candidate for enzyme immobilization purposes. Here we demonstrate that papain, an endolytic cysteine protease (EC: 3.4.22.2) from Carica papaya latex immobilized on the matrixes of medium molecular (200 kDa) and high molecular (350 kDa) weight chitosans exhibits anti-biofilm activity and increases the antimicrobials efficiency against biofilm-embedded bacteria. Immobilization in glycine buffer (pH 9.0) allowed adsorption up to 30% of the total protein (mg g chitosan⁻¹) and specific activity (U mg protein⁻¹), leading to the preservation of more than 90% of the initial total activity (U mL⁻¹). While optimal pH and temperature of the immobilized papain did not change, the immobilized enzyme exhibited elevated thermal stability and 6–7-fold longer half-life time in comparison with the soluble papain. While one-half of the total enzyme dissociates from both carriers in 24 h, this property could be used for wound-dressing materials design with dosed release of the enzyme to overcome the relatively high cytotoxicity of soluble papain. Our results indicate that both soluble and immobilized papain efficiently destroy biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. As a consequence, papain, both soluble and immobilized on medium molecular weight chitosan, is capable of potentiating the efficacy of antimicrobials against biofilm-embedded Staphylococci. Thus, papain immobilized on medium molecular weight chitosan appears a presumably beneficial agent for outer wound treatment for biofilms destruction, increasing antimicrobial treatment effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Chitosan and/or Chitin Nanofibrils in Medical Treatment)

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Review

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14 pages, 3121 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chitosan-Based Scaffold for Mineralized Tissues Regeneration

by Teerawat Sukpaita, Suwabun Chirachanchai, Atiphan Pimkhaokham and Ruchanee Salingcarnboriboon Ampornaramveth

Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(10), 551; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md19100551 - 28 Sep 2021

Cited by 52 | Viewed by 4281

Abstract

Conventional bone grafting procedures used to treat bone defects have several limitations. An important aspect of bone tissue engineering is developing novel bone substitute biomaterials for bone grafts to repair orthopedic defects. Considerable attention has been given to chitosan, a natural biopolymer primarily extracted from crustacean shells, which offers desirable characteristics, such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and osteoconductive. This review presents an overview of the chitosan-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE). It covers the basic knowledge of chitosan in terms of biomaterials, the traditional and novel strategies of the chitosan scaffold fabrication process, and their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this paper integrates the relevant contributions in giving a brief insight into the recent research development of chitosan-based scaffolds and their limitations in BTE. The last part of the review discusses the next-generation smart chitosan-based scaffold and current applications in regenerative dentistry and future directions in the field of mineralized tissue regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Chitosan and/or Chitin Nanofibrils in Medical Treatment)

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