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Marine Drugs
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Innovative Extraction Technology Aiming the Screening and Discovery of Bio-Active...
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Innovative Extraction Technology Aiming the Screening and Discovery of Bio-Active Marine Compounds

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 May 2021) | Viewed by 21621

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paz Otero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
Interests: nutrition; food technology; advanced analytical techniques; hyphenated techniques; gas chromatography; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; green extraction processes; compressed fluids; marine compounds; food and pharmaceutical applications; biotechnology; emergent toxins and contaminants; global food security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marisa Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
2. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: marine compounds; biotechnology; food safety; pharmaceutical application; emergent toxins and contaminants; advanced analytical techniques; hyphenated techniques; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; extraction procedure optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Marine environment is a prolific source of potentially high-quality molecules that represent useful leads in the development of new nutraceutical agents. This Special Issue will cover all methodologies used in the search of marine natural products: screening of marine biota, isolation of high value molecules with pharmacological and food potential, discovery of new molecules, and the optimization of extraction procedures of these molecules, such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and other alternative techniques applied in the exploration for marine compounds.

Dr. Paz Otero
Dr. Marisa Silva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Marine biota
  • High-value molecule discovery
  • Identification and characterization
  • Green chemistry
  • Environment-friendly extraction techniques

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2004 KiB  
Article
Biobased Solvents for Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Nannochloropsis gaditana Omega-3 Lipids
by Cristina Blanco-Llamero and F. Javier Señoráns
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(2), 107; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md19020107 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2643
Abstract
To develop greener extraction alternatives for microalgae biomass, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different biobased solvents were investigated, demonstrating that both techniques are useful alternatives for algal lipid extraction. Specifically, Nannochloropsis gaditana lipids were extracted by UAE and [...] Read more.
To develop greener extraction alternatives for microalgae biomass, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with different biobased solvents were investigated, demonstrating that both techniques are useful alternatives for algal lipid extraction. Specifically, Nannochloropsis gaditana lipids were extracted by UAE and PLE at different temperatures and extraction times with sustainable solvents like 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) and its mixtures with ethanol and other alcohols. The best oil yields for both PLE and UAE of N. gaditana were achieved with the mixture of 2-MeTHF:ethanol (1:3), reaching yields of up to 16.3%, for UAE at 50 °C and up to 46.1% for PLE at 120 °C. Lipid composition of the extracts was analyzed by HPLC-ELSD and by GC-MS to determine lipid species and fatty acid profile, respectively. Different fractionation of lipid species was achieved with PLE and solvent mixtures of different polarity. Thus, for the extraction of glycolipids, ethanolic extracts contained higher amounts of glycolipids and EPA, probably due to the higher polarity of the solvent. The optimized method was applied to microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis chuii showing the potential of mixtures of biobased solvents like 2-methyl-THF and ethanol in different proportions to efficiently extract and fractionate lipids from microalgal biomass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Extraction Technology Aiming the Screening and Discovery of Bio-Active Marine Compounds)
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15 pages, 2686 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Porphyran Extraction from Pyropia yezoensis by Response Surface Methodology and Its Lipid-Lowering Effects
by Dan He, Liping Yan, Yingxia Hu, Qifang Wu, Mingjiang Wu, Jong-il Choi and Haibin Tong
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(2), 53; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md19020053 - 23 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2263
Abstract
Macroalgae polysaccharides are phytochemicals that are beneficial to human health. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction procedure of Pyropia yezoensis porphyran (PYP). The optimum extraction parameters were: 100 °C (temperature), 120 min (time), and 29.32 mL/g (liquid–solid [...] Read more.
Macroalgae polysaccharides are phytochemicals that are beneficial to human health. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction procedure of Pyropia yezoensis porphyran (PYP). The optimum extraction parameters were: 100 °C (temperature), 120 min (time), and 29.32 mL/g (liquid–solid ratio), and the maximum yield of PYP was 22.15 ± 0.55%. The physicochemical characteristics of PPYP, purified from PYP, were analyzed, along with its lipid-lowering effect, using HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PPYP was a β-type sulfated hetero-rhamno-galactan-pyranose with a molecular weight of 151.6 kDa and a rhamnose-to-galactose molar ratio of 1:5.3. The results demonstrated that PPYP significantly reduced the triglyceride content in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-sucrose-fed D. melanogaster larvae by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, reducing lipogenesis and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation. To summarize, PPYP can lower lipid levels in HepG2 cells and larval fat body (the functional homolog tissue of the human liver), suggesting that PPYP may be administered as a potential marine lipid-lowering drug. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Extraction Technology Aiming the Screening and Discovery of Bio-Active Marine Compounds)
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18 pages, 2878 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Microalga Euglena cantabrica by Pressurized Liquid Extraction to Obtain Bioactive Compounds
by Nerea Muñóz-Almagro, Bienvenida Gilbert-López, Pozuelo-Rollón M. Carmen, Yolanda García-Fernandez, Carlos Almeida, Mar Villamiel, Jose A. Mendiola and Elena Ibáñez
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(6), 308; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md18060308 - 12 Jun 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3195
Abstract
In the present study, the chemical composition of the microalga Euglena cantabrica was investigated. The extraction of bioactive compounds was done using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) at different temperatures (40–180 °C) and using green solvents (ethanol-water mixtures). A statistical design of experiments was [...] Read more.
In the present study, the chemical composition of the microalga Euglena cantabrica was investigated. The extraction of bioactive compounds was done using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) at different temperatures (40–180 °C) and using green solvents (ethanol-water mixtures). A statistical design of experiments was used to optimize the maximum antioxidant capacity of the extracts by response surface methodology. The antioxidant capacity was determined through the inhibition of 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, while the chemical analyses of the extracts were carried out using different chromatographic techniques. Chlorophylls and carotenoids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) and carbohydrates by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography coupled to an evaporative light-scattering detector (HPSEC-ELSD). The results showed different possibilities for the extraction conditions, depending on the desired bioactivity or chemical composition. Briefly, (i) mixtures of ethanol-water containing around 40% ethanol at 180 °C gave the best antioxidant capacity, (ii) mixtures containing around 50% ethanol at 110 °C gave the best yield of β-glucan paramylon, and (iii) the use of pure ethanol at a low temperature (40 °C) is the best choice for the recovery of carotenoids such as diatoxanthin. Summing up, E. cantabrica seems to be a good candidate to be used in biorefinery to obtain different bioactive compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Extraction Technology Aiming the Screening and Discovery of Bio-Active Marine Compounds)
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Review

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26 pages, 2557 KiB  
Review
Exploitation of Marine Molecules to Manage Alzheimer’s Disease
by Marisa Silva, Paula Seijas and Paz Otero
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(7), 373; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md19070373 - 28 Jun 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4285
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are sociosanitary challenges of today, as a result of increased average life expectancy, with Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most prevalent. This pathology is characterized by brain impairment linked to a neurodegenerative process culminating in cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. [...] Read more.
Neurodegenerative diseases are sociosanitary challenges of today, as a result of increased average life expectancy, with Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most prevalent. This pathology is characterized by brain impairment linked to a neurodegenerative process culminating in cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. Though the etiology of this pathology is still unknown, it is usually associated with the appearance of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The most used prophylaxis relies on anticholinesterase drugs and NMDA receptor antagonists, whose main action is to relieve symptoms and not to treat or prevent the disease. Currently, the scientific community is gathering efforts to disclose new natural compounds effective against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Marine natural products have been shown to be promising candidates, and some have been proven to exert a high neuroprotection effect, constituting a large reservoir of potential drugs and nutraceutical agents. The present article attempts to describe the processes of extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds derived from sponges, algae, marine bacteria, invertebrates, crustaceans, and tunicates as drug candidates against AD, with a focus on the success of pharmacological activity in the process of finding new and effective drug compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Extraction Technology Aiming the Screening and Discovery of Bio-Active Marine Compounds)
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21 pages, 1753 KiB  
Review
The Use of Invasive Algae Species as a Source of Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities: Spain as Case-Study
by Antia G. Pereira, Maria Fraga-Corral, Paula Garcia-Oliveira, Catarina Lourenço-Lopes, Maria Carpena, Miguel A. Prieto and Jesus Simal-Gandara
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(4), 178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md19040178 - 24 Mar 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4687
Abstract
In the recent decades, algae have proven to be a source of different bioactive compounds with biological activities, which has increased the potential application of these organisms in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, animal feed, and other industrial sectors. On the other hand, there is [...] Read more.
In the recent decades, algae have proven to be a source of different bioactive compounds with biological activities, which has increased the potential application of these organisms in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, animal feed, and other industrial sectors. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in developing effective strategies for control and/or eradication of invasive algae since they have a negative impact on marine ecosystems and in the economy of the affected zones. However, the application of control measures is usually time and resource-consuming and not profitable. Considering this context, the valorization of invasive algae species as a source of bioactive compounds for industrial applications could be a suitable strategy to reduce their population, obtaining both environmental and economic benefits. To carry out this practice, it is necessary to evaluate the chemical and the nutritional composition of the algae as well as the most efficient methods of extracting the compounds of interest. In the case of northwest Spain, five algae species are considered invasive: Asparagopsis armata, Codium fragile, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Sargassum muticum, and Grateulopia turuturu. This review presents a brief description of their main bioactive compounds, biological activities, and extraction systems employed for their recovery. In addition, evidence of their beneficial properties and the possibility of use them as supplement in diets of aquaculture animals was collected to illustrate one of their possible applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Extraction Technology Aiming the Screening and Discovery of Bio-Active Marine Compounds)
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28 pages, 2413 KiB  
Review
Screening of Marine Bioactive Antimicrobial Compounds for Plant Pathogens
by Xiaohui Li, Hejing Zhao and Xiaolin Chen
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(2), 69; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md19020069 - 28 Jan 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3720
Abstract
Plant diseases have been threatening food production. Controlling plant pathogens has become an important strategy to ensure food security. Although chemical control is an effective disease control strategy, its application is limited by many problems, such as environmental impact and pathogen resistance. In [...] Read more.
Plant diseases have been threatening food production. Controlling plant pathogens has become an important strategy to ensure food security. Although chemical control is an effective disease control strategy, its application is limited by many problems, such as environmental impact and pathogen resistance. In order to overcome these problems, it is necessary to develop more chemical reagents with new functional mechanisms. Due to their special living environment, marine organisms have produced a variety of bioactive compounds with novel structures, which have the potential to develop new fungicides. In the past two decades, screening marine bioactive compounds to inhibit plant pathogens has been a hot topic. In this review, we summarize the screening methods of marine active substances from plant pathogens, the identification of marine active substances from different sources, and the structure and antibacterial mechanism of marine active natural products. Finally, the application prospect of marine bioactive substances in plant disease control was prospected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Extraction Technology Aiming the Screening and Discovery of Bio-Active Marine Compounds)
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