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Marine Drugs
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Marine Biomaterials 2020
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Marine Biomaterials 2020

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2020) | Viewed by 25077

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hermann Ehrlich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electronic and Sensor materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
Interests: marine biomaterials; biominerals; biocomposites and biomimetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biological materials first appeared in marine environments in ancient oceans. Some of them can be found only in the forms of fossils, especially in cases where they are exceptionally preserved over millions of years. Others were so successful in their survival strategies that we now dwell in their amazing abundance, these include unicellular (radiolarians, diatoms,) and multicellular (sponges, corals, mollusks, worms, echinoderms, arthropods) invertebrate and vertebrate (fish, reptiles, mammals) organisms. Today, the principal strategy for research that deals with the biological materials of the origin of marine invertebrates is based on the following steps: collection of specimens; isolation of the corresponding material; identification of the material; determining the mechanisms of its formation and using this knowledge for the creation of novel materials.

Challenges, solutions, and future directions of modern biological materials science of a marine origin will be represented in the Special Issue as an interdisciplinary research field. The topics include marine biopolymers (chitin, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, keratin, byssus, spongin), bioadhesives, bioelastomers, biominerals (calcium carbonates and phosphates, biosilica), and skeletal biocomposite-based constructs. Special attention will be paid to the development of novel methods for isolation and identification of diverse biomaterials as well as their practical application in modern technologies and biomedicine.

It is to be hoped that interested authors will be motivated enough to contribute their results and to recognize the state of the art in marine biomaterials today. I strongly believe that numerous open questions raised in this issue will inspire a younger generation of marine biologists, chemists, pharmacologists, engineers, physicists, and materials scientists to research marine biological materials.

Prof. Dr. Hermann Ehrlich
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 7404 KiB  
Article
Fish Bone Derived Bi-Phasic Calcium Phosphate Coatings Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Biomedical Applications
by Gianina Popescu-Pelin, Carmen Ristoscu, Liviu Duta, Iuliana Pasuk, George E. Stan, Miruna Silvia Stan, Marcela Popa, Mariana C. Chifiriuc, Claudiu Hapenciuc, Faik N. Oktar, Anca Nicarel and Ion N. Mihailescu
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(12), 623; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md18120623 - 07 Dec 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3479
Abstract
We report on new biomaterials with promising bone and cartilage regeneration potential, from sustainable, cheap resources of fish origin. Thin films were fabricated from fish bone-derived bi-phasic calcium phosphate targets via pulsed laser deposition with a KrF * excimer laser source (λ = [...] Read more.
We report on new biomaterials with promising bone and cartilage regeneration potential, from sustainable, cheap resources of fish origin. Thin films were fabricated from fish bone-derived bi-phasic calcium phosphate targets via pulsed laser deposition with a KrF * excimer laser source (λ = 248 nm, τFWHM ≤ 25 ns). Targets and deposited nanostructures were characterized by SEM and XRD, as well as by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and FTIR spectroscopy. Films were next assessed in vitro by dedicated cytocompatibility and antimicrobial assays. Films were Ca-deficient and contained a significant fraction of β-tricalcium phosphate apart from hydroxyapatite, which could contribute to an increased solubility and an improved biocompatibility for bone regeneration applications. The deposited structures were biocompatible as confirmed by the lack of cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblast cells, making them promising for fast osseointegration implants. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) coatings inhibited the microbial adhesion and/or the subsequent biofilm development. A persistent protection against bacterial colonization (Escherichia coli) was demonstrated for at least 72 h, probably due to the release of the native trace elements (i.e., Na, Mg, Si, and/or S) from fish bones. Progress is therefore expected in the realm of multifunctional thin film biomaterials, combining antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties for advanced implant coatings and nosocomial infections prevention applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomaterials 2020)
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26 pages, 13526 KiB  
Article
3D Chitin Scaffolds of Marine Demosponge Origin for Biomimetic Mollusk Hemolymph-Associated Biomineralization Ex-Vivo
by Marcin Wysokowski, Tomasz Machałowski, Iaroslav Petrenko, Christian Schimpf, David Rafaja, Roberta Galli, Jerzy Ziętek, Snežana Pantović, Alona Voronkina, Valentine Kovalchuk, Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko, Bert W. Hoeksema, Cristina Diaz, Yuliya Khrunyk, Allison L. Stelling, Marco Giovine, Teofil Jesionowski and Hermann Ehrlich
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(2), 123; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md18020123 - 19 Feb 2020
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 7137
Abstract
Structure-based tissue engineering requires large-scale 3D cell/tissue manufacture technologies, to produce biologically active scaffolds. Special attention is currently paid to naturally pre-designed scaffolds found in skeletons of marine sponges, which represent a renewable resource of biomaterials. Here, an innovative approach to the production [...] Read more.
Structure-based tissue engineering requires large-scale 3D cell/tissue manufacture technologies, to produce biologically active scaffolds. Special attention is currently paid to naturally pre-designed scaffolds found in skeletons of marine sponges, which represent a renewable resource of biomaterials. Here, an innovative approach to the production of mineralized scaffolds of natural origin is proposed. For the first time, a method to obtain calcium carbonate deposition ex vivo, using living mollusks hemolymph and a marine-sponge-derived template, is specifically described. For this purpose, the marine sponge Aplysin aarcheri and the terrestrial snail Cornu aspersum were selected as appropriate 3D chitinous scaffold and as hemolymph donor, respectively. The formation of calcium-based phase on the surface of chitinous matrix after its immersion into hemolymph was confirmed by Alizarin Red staining. A direct role of mollusks hemocytes is proposed in the creation of fine-tuned microenvironment necessary for calcification ex vivo. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample showed a high CaCO3 amorphous content. Raman spectroscopy evidenced also a crystalline component, with spectra corresponding to biogenic calcite. This study resulted in the development of a new biomimetic product based on ex vivo synthetized ACC and calcite tightly bound to the surface of 3D sponge chitin structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomaterials 2020)
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15 pages, 5915 KiB  
Article
Extraction of Hydroxyapatite Nanostructures from Marine Wastes for the Fabrication of Biopolymer-Based Porous Scaffolds
by Hengameh Gheysari, Fatemeh Mohandes, Mozhdeh Mazaheri, Banafsheh Dolatyar, Masoud Askari and Abdolreza Simchi
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(1), 26; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md18010026 - 27 Dec 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3739
Abstract
Three-dimensional porous nanocomposites consisting of gelatin-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) cross-linked by carboxylic acids biopolymers and monophasic hydroxyapatite (HA) nanostructures were fabricated by lyophilization, for soft-bone-tissue engineering. The bioactive ceramic nanostructures were prepared by a novel wet-chemical and low-temperature procedure from marine wastes containing calcium carbonates. [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional porous nanocomposites consisting of gelatin-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) cross-linked by carboxylic acids biopolymers and monophasic hydroxyapatite (HA) nanostructures were fabricated by lyophilization, for soft-bone-tissue engineering. The bioactive ceramic nanostructures were prepared by a novel wet-chemical and low-temperature procedure from marine wastes containing calcium carbonates. The effect of surface-active molecules, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), on the morphology of HA nanostructures is shown. It is demonstrated that highly bioactive and monophasic HA nanorods with an aspect ratio > 10 can be synthesized in the presence of SDS. In vitro studies on the bioactive biopolymer composite scaffolds with varying pore sizes, from 100 to 300 μm, determine the capacity of the developed procedure to convert marine wastes to profitable composites for tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomaterials 2020)
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14 pages, 4876 KiB  
Article
Increased Cell Detachment Ratio of Mesenchymal-Type Lung Cancer Cells on pH-Responsive Chitosan through the β3 Integrin
by Chia-Hsiang Yen, Tai-Horng Young, Meng-Chi Hsieh, Li-Jen Liao and Tsung-Wei Huang
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(12), 659; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md17120659 - 23 Nov 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3242
Abstract
Chitosan is sensitive to environmental pH values due to its electric property. This study investigates whether the pH-responsive chitosan assay can provide a simple method to evaluate the aggressive behavior of cancer cells with cell detachment ratio. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is induced [...] Read more.
Chitosan is sensitive to environmental pH values due to its electric property. This study investigates whether the pH-responsive chitosan assay can provide a simple method to evaluate the aggressive behavior of cancer cells with cell detachment ratio. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is induced with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549). EMT-induced cells and untreated cells are cultured on chitosan substrates at pH 6.99 for 24 h, followed by pH 7.65 for 1 h. The cell detachment ratio (CDR) on pH-responsive chitosan rises with an increasing of the TGF-β1 concentration. The protein array reveals that the expression levels of the α2, α3, α5, β2, and β3 integrins are higher in EMT-induced A549 cells than in untreated cells. A further inhibition assay shows that adding β3 integrin blocking antibodies significantly decreases the CDR of EMT-induced cells from 32.7 ± 5.7% to 17.8 ± 2.1%. The CDR of mesenchymal-type lung cancer cells increases on pH-responsive chitosan through the β3 integrin. Notably, the CDR can be theoretically predicted according to the individual CDR on the pH-responsive chitosan surface, irrespective of heterogeneous cell mixture. The pH-responsive chitosan assay serves as a simple in vitro model to investigate the aggressive behavior of lung cancer including the heterogeneous cell population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomaterials 2020)
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Review

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47 pages, 5509 KiB  
Review
Progress in Modern Marine Biomaterials Research
by Yuliya Khrunyk, Slawomir Lach, Iaroslav Petrenko and Hermann Ehrlich
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(12), 589; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/md18120589 - 25 Nov 2020
Cited by 65 | Viewed by 6832
Abstract
The growing demand for new, sophisticated, multifunctional materials has brought natural structural composites into focus, since they underwent a substantial optimization during long evolutionary selection pressure and adaptation processes. Marine biological materials are the most important sources of both inspiration for biomimetics and [...] Read more.
The growing demand for new, sophisticated, multifunctional materials has brought natural structural composites into focus, since they underwent a substantial optimization during long evolutionary selection pressure and adaptation processes. Marine biological materials are the most important sources of both inspiration for biomimetics and of raw materials for practical applications in technology and biomedicine. The use of marine natural products as multifunctional biomaterials is currently undergoing a renaissance in the modern materials science. The diversity of marine biomaterials, their forms and fields of application are highlighted in this review. We will discuss the challenges, solutions, and future directions of modern marine biomaterialogy using a thorough analysis of scientific sources over the past ten years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomaterials 2020)
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