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Advances and Applications in Deep Eutectic Solvents Technology

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 15375

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Special Issue Editor

Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Interests: deep eutectic solvents; chirality; amphiphiles and supramolecular chemistry; chemosensors; ionic liquids; amphiphiles as biocides

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of new technologies and chemical applications nowadays cannot ignore their impact on the environment, due to the widespread diffusion of environmental pollution and the relative consequences also on human health. In this context, the development of novel non-harmful and green solvents represents an excellent contribution to the cause because commonly used solvents are generally toxic, highly volatile, and hardly biodegradable.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent a new class of green organic solvents that possess the characteristics that can adequately address this problem. Synthesised via combination through weak interactions of two or more solid substances and without the use of any other solvent, DESs possess many green properties: bio-availability of their components; easy biodegradation; low or absent toxicity as well as low or absent vapor pressure. Moreover, they are able to perform catalytic tasks as the properties of the components reflect on the properties of the mixtures obtained.

This Special Issue will focus on the use of DESs as alternatives to commonly used organic solvents in different areas such as chemical transformations; extraction/preconcentration procedures; electrochemistry; fundamental structural research and all the other topics in which these solvents are finding fruitful applications for the transition from academia to industrial application.

Dr. Matteo Tiecco
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • deep eutectic solvents
  • green solvents
  • catalysis
  • chemical transformations
  • extractions
  • preconcentration
  • electrochemistry
  • structural research
  • catalytic solvents
  • organocatalysis

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1337 KiB  
Article
Effective and Selective Extraction of Quercetin from Onion (Allium cepa L.) Skin Waste Using Water Dilutions of Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
by Matteo Ciardi, Federica Ianni, Roccaldo Sardella, Stefano Di Bona, Lina Cossignani, Raimondo Germani, Matteo Tiecco and Catia Clementi
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6465; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216465 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2581
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are experiencing growing interest as substitutes of polluting organic solvents for their low or absent toxicity and volatility. Moreover, they can be formed with natural bioavailable and biodegradable molecules; they are synthesized in absence of hazardous solvents. DESs are, [...] Read more.
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are experiencing growing interest as substitutes of polluting organic solvents for their low or absent toxicity and volatility. Moreover, they can be formed with natural bioavailable and biodegradable molecules; they are synthesized in absence of hazardous solvents. DESs are, inter alia, successfully used for the extraction/preconcentration of biofunctional molecules from complex vegetal matrices. Onion skin is a highly abundant waste material which represents a reservoir of molecules endowed with valuable biological properties such as quercetin and its glycosylated forms. An efficient extraction of these molecules from dry onion skin from “Dorata di Parma” cultivar was obtained with water dilution of acid-based DESs. Glycolic acid (with betaine 2/1 molar ratio and L-Proline 3/1 molar ratio as counterparts) and of p-toluensulphonic acid (with benzyltrimethylammonium methanesulfonate 1/1 molar ratio)-based DESs exhibited more than 3-fold higher extraction efficiency than methanol (14.79 µg/mL, 18.56 µg/mL, 14.83 µg/mL vs. 5.84 µg/mL, respectively). The extracted quercetin was also recovered efficaciously (81% of recovery) from the original extraction mixture. The proposed extraction protocol revealed to be green, efficacious and selective for the extraction of quercetin from onion skin and it could be useful for the development of other extraction procedures from other biological matrixes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Deep Eutectic Solvents Technology)
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8 pages, 1207 KiB  
Article
Behavior of Ternary Mixtures of Hydrogen Bond Acceptors and Donors in Terms of Band Gap Energies
by Alberto Mannu, Francesca Cardano, Salvatore Baldino and Andrea Fin
Materials 2021, 14(12), 3418; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14123418 - 20 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2005
Abstract
Three ternary mixtures composed by choline chloride (ChCl), ethylene glycol (EG), and a second hydrogen bond donor (HBD) as ethanol (A), 2-propanol (B), and glycerol (C) were studied in terms of composition related to the band gap energy (BGE). A Design of Experiments [...] Read more.
Three ternary mixtures composed by choline chloride (ChCl), ethylene glycol (EG), and a second hydrogen bond donor (HBD) as ethanol (A), 2-propanol (B), and glycerol (C) were studied in terms of composition related to the band gap energy (BGE). A Design of Experiments (DoE) approach, and in particular a Simple Lattice three-components design, was employed for determining the variation of the BGE upon the composition of each system. UV-VIS analysis and subsequent Tauc plot methodology provided the data requested from the DoE, and multivariate statistical analysis revealed a drop of the BGE in correspondence to specific binary compositions for systems A and B. In particular, a BGE of 3.85 eV was registered for the mixtures ChCl/EtOH (1:1) and ChCl/2-propanol (1:1), which represents one of the lowest values ever observed for these systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Deep Eutectic Solvents Technology)
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20 pages, 8299 KiB  
Article
Removal of Siloxanes from Model Biogas by Means of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Absorption Process
by Edyta Słupek, Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska and Jacek Gębicki
Materials 2021, 14(2), 241; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14020241 - 06 Jan 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2180
Abstract
The paper presents the screening of 20 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and glycols in various molar ratios, and 6 conventional solvents as absorbents for removal of siloxanes from model biogas stream. The screening was achieved using the conductor-like [...] Read more.
The paper presents the screening of 20 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and glycols in various molar ratios, and 6 conventional solvents as absorbents for removal of siloxanes from model biogas stream. The screening was achieved using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) based on the comparison of siloxane solubility in DESs. For the DES which was characterized by the highest solubility of siloxanes, studies of physicochemical properties, i.e., viscosity, density, and melting point, were performed. DES composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in a 1:3 molar ratio was used as an absorbent in experimental studies in which several parameters were optimized, i.e., the temperature, absorbent volume, and model biogas flow rate. The mechanism of siloxanes removal was evaluated by means of an experimental FT-IR analysis as well as by theoretical studies based on σ-profile and σ-potential. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that TPABr:TEG (1:3) is a very effective absorption solvent for the removal of siloxanes from model biogas, and the main driving force of the absorption process is the formation of the hydrogen bonds between DES and siloxanes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Deep Eutectic Solvents Technology)
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Review

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21 pages, 4055 KiB  
Review
Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Conversion Technologies—A Review
by Kranthi Kumar Maniam and Shiladitya Paul
Materials 2021, 14(16), 4519; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14164519 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3618
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of potential uses in renewable energy, including CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion. With the goal of providing a critical overview of the progression, new challenges, and prospects of ILs for evolving green renewable energy processes, [...] Read more.
Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of potential uses in renewable energy, including CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion. With the goal of providing a critical overview of the progression, new challenges, and prospects of ILs for evolving green renewable energy processes, this review emphasizes the significance of ILs as electrolytes and reaction media in two primary areas of interest: CO2 electroreduction and organic molecule electrosynthesis via CO2 transformation. Herein, we briefly summarize the most recent advances in the field, as well as approaches based on the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to industrially important compounds employing ILs as an electrolyte and/or reaction media. In addition, the review also discusses the advances made possible by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in CO2 electroreduction to CO. Finally, the critical techno-commercial issues connected with employing ILs and DESs as an electrolyte or ILs as reaction media are reviewed, along with a future perspective on the path to rapid industrialization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Deep Eutectic Solvents Technology)
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26 pages, 3225 KiB  
Review
Promising Technological and Industrial Applications of Deep Eutectic Systems
by Alberto Mannu, Marco Blangetti, Salvatore Baldino and Cristina Prandi
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2494; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102494 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4164
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs) are obtained by combining Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (HBAs) and Hydrogen Bond Donors (HBDs) in specific molar ratios. Since their first appearance in the literature in 2003, they have shown a wide range of applications, ranging from the selective extraction [...] Read more.
Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs) are obtained by combining Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (HBAs) and Hydrogen Bond Donors (HBDs) in specific molar ratios. Since their first appearance in the literature in 2003, they have shown a wide range of applications, ranging from the selective extraction of biomass or metals to medicine, as well as from pollution control systems to catalytic active solvents and co-solvents. The very peculiar physical properties of DESs, such as the elevated density and viscosity, reduced conductivity, improved solvent ability and a peculiar optical behavior, can be exploited for engineering modular systems which cannot be obtained with other non-eutectic mixtures. In the present review, selected DESs research fields, as their use in materials synthesis, as solvents for volatile organic compounds, as ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations and as active solvents and cosolvents in organic synthesis, are reported and discussed in terms of application and future perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Deep Eutectic Solvents Technology)
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