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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2022) | Viewed by 9594

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jae Young Kim

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Guest Editor

School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
Interests: microplasmas; gaseous electronics; nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas; solution plasma processes; nanomaterial synthesis; highly specific surface modifications; plasma medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I invite you to contribute to a Special Issue of the journal Materials, “Advances in Plasmas”, which aims to provide the latest developments and findings in the use plasmas in the field of materials.

As is already known, plasma produced by electrical discharge generates lot of charged particles (electrons and ions), reactive species, UV radiation, and heat. Since all these by-products of plasmas are effective agents for various materials, plasma technology has been applied to the production of high-performance functional materials in the last few decades, in spite of the difficulty in the diagnosis of plasma in contact with materials. Moreover, plasma can exist in a variety of forms and have various physical, chemical, and optical behaviors due to discharge modes created in different ways, resulting in a broad range of applications. Plasma technology related to the production of functional materials is known to play an important role in a variety of applications, such as sensors and displays, printable electronics, packaging, bioelectronics, medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, energy production/harvesting, transportation, and aerospace technology.

This Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the field of materials using plasma processes, from the fundamentals of physicochemical processes of plasma sources to applications such as material synthesis, surface modification and novel plasma devices. Potential topics include but are not limited to:

Fabrication and modification in materials using plasma processes;
Plasma–material/plasma–liquid interactions;
Plasma sources for materials;
Superficial treatment/material functionalization by plasmas;
Atmospheric pressure plasmas for thin film deposition/coating;
Aqueous solution plasmas for nanomaterial synthesis;
Novel plasma sources for biomaterial/soft material treatments;
Physical and chemical plasma-assisted or -enhanced processes in materials;
Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition;
Magnetron sputtering.

Prof. Dr. Jae Young Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

charged/excited/reactive species in plasma medium
vacuum and atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted processes
solution plasma for nanomaterial synthesis
functional materials by plasma treatment
novel plasma sources for biomaterial/soft material treatments
characterization of materials fabricated by plasma processes

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 4840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) Ions from Groundwater by Nonthermal Plasma

by Beata Jabłońska, Tomasz Dróżdż, Paweł Jabłoński and Paweł Kiełbasa

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5426; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15155426 - 06 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1140

Abstract

The removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions by means of nonthermal plasma with a dielectric barrier discharge is investigated. Aqueous solutions with metal ion concentrations from 10 to 100 mg/dm³ in spring water were used. In the first stage, the optimization of the solution flow rate, generator modulation frequency and duty cycle was made in terms of the removal efficiency of the considered metals. The removal was then investigated as a function of the number of passes of the solution through the cold plasma reactor. The effect of the initial concentration of ions in the solution was studied. Techniques such as composite central design, least squares method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used. The physical and chemical parameters of the solutions, such as electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, concentration of metal ions and the content of other substances (e.g., total organic carbon), were measured, and the presence of microorganisms was also examined. It was found that each pass of the solution through the cold plasma reactor causes a decrease in the concentration of Cd(II) and Ni(II); the concentration of Pb(II) drops rapidly after one pass, but further passes do not improve its removal. The removal percentage was 88% for Cd(II) after six passes and 72% for Pb(II) after one pass, whereas 19% for Ni(II). The purification mechanism corresponds to the precipitation of metal ions due to the increasing pH of the solution after exposure to cold plasma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmas)

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12 pages, 3561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential Application of Pin-to-Liquid Dielectric Barrier Discharge Structure in Decomposing Aqueous Phosphorus Compounds for Monitoring Water Quality

by Gyu Tae Bae, Jae Young Kim, Do Yeob Kim, Eun Young Jung, Hyo Jun Jang, Choon-Sang Park, Hyeseung Jang, Dong Ho Lee, Hyung-Kun Lee and Heung-Sik Tae

Materials 2021, 14(24), 7559; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14247559 - 09 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1437

Abstract

Here, we proposed a pin-to-liquid dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) structure that used a water-containing vessel body as a dielectric barrier for the stable and effective treatment of aqueous solutions in an open atmosphere. To obtain an intense pin-to-liquid alternating current discharge using a dielectric barrier, discharge characteristics, including the area and shape of a ground-plate-type electrode, were investigated after filling the vessel with equivalent amounts of water. Consequently, as the area of the ground electrode increased, the discharge current became stronger, and its timing became faster. Moreover, we proposed that the pin-to-liquid DBD reactor could be used to decompose phosphorus compounds in water in the form of phosphate as a promising pretreatment method for monitoring total phosphorus in water. The decomposition of phosphorus compounds using the pin-to-liquid DBD reactor demonstrated excellent performance—comparable to the thermochemical pretreatment method—which could be a standard pretreatment method for decomposing phosphorus compounds in water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmas)

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27 pages, 63594 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Plasma Treated Alumina Nanoparticles on Breakdown Strength, Partial Discharge Resistance, and Thermophysical Properties of Mineral Oil-Based Nanofluids

by Norhafezaidi Mat Saman, Izzah Hazirah Zakaria, Mohd Hafizi Ahmad and Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek

Materials 2021, 14(13), 3610; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14133610 - 28 Jun 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1948

Abstract

Mineral oil has been chosen as an insulating liquid in power transformers due to its superior characteristics, such as being an effective insulation medium and a great cooling agent. Meanwhile, the performance of mineral oil as an insulation liquid can be further enhanced by dispersing nanoparticles into the mineral oil, and this composition is called nanofluids. However, the incorporation of nanoparticles into the mineral oil conventionally causes the nanoparticles to agglomerate and settle as sediment in the base fluid, thereby limiting the improvement of the insulation properties. In addition, limited studies have been reported for the transformer oil as a base fluid using Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃) as nanoparticles. Hence, this paper reported an experimental study to investigate the significant role of cold plasma treatment in modifying and treating the surface of nano-alumina to obtain a better interaction between the nano-alumina and the base fluid, consequently improving the insulation characteristics such as breakdown voltage, partial discharge characteristics, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of the nanofluids. The plasma treatment process was conducted on the surface of nano-alumina under atmospheric pressure plasma by using the dielectric barrier discharge concept. The breakdown strength and partial discharge characteristics of the nanofluids were measured according to IEC 60156 and IEC 60270 standards, respectively. In contrast, the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids were determined using Brookfield DV-II + Pro Automated viscometer and Decagon KD2-Pro conductivity meter, respectively. The results indicate that the 0.1 wt% of plasma-treated alumina nanofluids has shown the most comprehensive improvements in electrical properties, dispersion stability, and thermal properties. Therefore, the plasma treatment has improved the nanoparticles dispersion and stability in nanofluids by providing stronger interactions between the mineral oil and the nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmas)

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11 pages, 4094 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Transparent Polyaniline Thin Film Synthesized Using a Low-Voltage-Driven Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Reactor

by Jae Young Kim, Shahzad Iqbal, Hyo Jun Jang, Eun Young Jung, Gyu Tae Bae, Choon Sang Park, Bhum Jae Shin and Heung Sik Tae

Materials 2021, 14(5), 1278; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14051278 - 08 Mar 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1823

Abstract

The use of low-voltage-driven plasma in atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma polymerization is considered as a simple approach to reducing the reactivity of the monomer fragments in order to prevent excessive cross-linking, which would have a negative effect on the structural properties of the polymerized thin films. In this study, AP-plasma polymerization can be processed at low voltage by an AP-plasma reactor with a wire electrode configuration. A bare tungsten wire is used as a powered electrode to initiate discharge in the plasma area (defined as the area between the wide glass tube and the substrate stand), thus allowing plasma polymerization to proceed at a lower voltage compared to other AP-plasma reactors with dielectric barriers. Thus, transparent polyaniline (PANI) films are successfully synthesized. The surface morphology, roughness, and film thickness of the PANI films are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Thus, the surface of the polymerized film is shown to be homogenous, smooth, and flat, with a low surface roughness of 1 nm. In addition, the structure and chemical properties of the PANI films are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thus revealing an improvement in the degree of polymerization, even though the process was performed at low voltage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmas)

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10 pages, 3035 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects Induced by Microwave Field upon Tungsten Wires of Different Diameters

by Marian Mogildea, George Mogildea, Valentin Craciun and Sorin I. Zgura

Materials 2021, 14(4), 1036; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14041036 - 22 Feb 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2462

Abstract

The effects induced by microwave field upon tungsten wires of different diameters were investigated. Tungsten wires with 0.5 and 1.0 mm diameters were placed in the focal point of a single-mode cylindrical cavity linked to a microwave generator and exposed to microwave field in ambient air. The experimental results showed that the 0.5 mm diameter wire was completely vaporized due to microwaves strong absorption, while the wire with 1 mm diameter was not ignited. During the interaction between microwaves and tungsten wire with 0.5 mm diameter, a plasma with a high electronic excitation temperature was obtained. The theoretical analysis of the experiment showed that the voltage generated by metallic wires in interaction with microwaves depended on their electric resistance in AC and the power of the microwave field. The physical parameters and dimension of the metallic wire play a crucial role in the ignition process of the plasma by the microwave field. This new and simple method to generate a high-temperature plasma from a metallic wire could have many applications, especially in metal oxides synthesis, metal coatings, or thin film deposition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmas)

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