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Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials
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Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2023) | Viewed by 11984

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Karolus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
Interests: mechanical alloying; X-ray diffraction; diffuse scattering; RDF; PDF; rietveld refinement; structure determination; residual stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sabina Lesz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: materials engineering; amorphous and nanostructured materials; soft magnetic materials; steels; degradable biomaterials; heat treatment; mechanical alloying; powder metallurgy; fracture morphology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

You are cordially invited to publish original scientific articles describing the results of research works or review articles in a Special Issue entitled “Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials”.

Amorphous and nanocrystalline materials have unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties which allow their utilization in numerous and advanced applications. These materials feature in the mainstream of worldwide research in the field of metallic and composite materials. Thus, to better understand the mechanisms occurring in low-order materials, and thus to model and design novel materials more effectively, it is necessary to fully understand and describe the structure of these materials.

The submitted works may therefore concern both innovative engineering materials with modification of their structure and physicochemical properties, as well as original technological solutions and mathematical models which will be helpful in formulating new conclusions. This Special Issue of Materials will be a detailed overview of recent research and development in the field of structure analysis of amorphous and nanocrystalline materials and composites. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews related to structural analysis are all welcome.

Prof. Małgorzata Karolus
Prof. Sabina Lesz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • structural characterization
  • amorphous phase
  • nanocrystalline structure
  • radial and pair distribution functions
  • Rietveld analysis
  • mechanical alloying
  • melt spinning method
  • calorimetry and stability of amorphous materials
  • glass forming ability
  • crystallization

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1775 KiB  
Article
Influence of Short-Pulse Microwave Radiation on Thermochemical Properties Aluminum Micropowder
by Andrei Mostovshchikov, Fedor Gubarev, Olga Nazarenko and Alexey Pestryakov
Materials 2023, 16(3), 951; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16030951 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1163
Abstract
The thermochemical properties of Al micropowder after exposure to microwave irradiation were investigated. The Al micropowder was exposed to microwave irradiation in air with a frequency of 2.85 GHz, a power density of 8 W/cm2, and a pulse duration of 25 [...] Read more.
The thermochemical properties of Al micropowder after exposure to microwave irradiation were investigated. The Al micropowder was exposed to microwave irradiation in air with a frequency of 2.85 GHz, a power density of 8 W/cm2, and a pulse duration of 25 ns and 3 µs. The thermochemical parameters of the irradiated metal powders were determined by the method of thermal analysis at the heating in air. It was found that an increase in the duration of microwave pulses and irradiation time leads to the thermal annealing of the metal particles, and the thermal processes of melting and sintering begin to dominate over non-thermal processes. The specific thermal effect of irradiated Al micropowder oxidation increases from 7744 J/g to 10,154 J/g in comparison with the unirradiated powder. The modeling of thermal heating processes of aluminum (Al) micropowder under the action of pulsed microwave radiation has been performed. It is shown that with an increase in the duration of microwave pulses and irradiation time, a significant heating of the Al micropowder occurs, leading to its melting and sintering. The results of modeling on the action of microwave radiation on the Al micropowder were compared with experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials)
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12 pages, 3038 KiB  
Article
Magnetization Processes in Metallic Glass Based on Iron of FeSiB Type
by Zbigniew Stokłosa, Piotr Kwapuliński and Małgorzata Karolus
Materials 2022, 15(24), 9015; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15249015 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 822
Abstract
In the present paper, the magnetization processes in amorphous alloys based on iron are discussed in detail. Our main goal was to measure the stabilization energy connected with the presence of microvoids (frozen during rapid cooling from the liquid phase) and to determine [...] Read more.
In the present paper, the magnetization processes in amorphous alloys based on iron are discussed in detail. Our main goal was to measure the stabilization energy connected with the presence of microvoids (frozen during rapid cooling from the liquid phase) and to determine the interaction energy of relaxators with spontaneous magnetization vector (the so-called wN Neel) for amorphous Fe78Si13B9 alloys. A structural analysis of the alloys using X-ray measurements at the subsequent stages of crystallization was also performed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials)
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15 pages, 5173 KiB  
Article
Influence of Milling Time on Phase Composition and Product Structure of Mg-Zn-Ca-Ag Alloys Obtained by Mechanical Synthesis
by Sabina Lesz, Małgorzata Karolus, Adrian Gabryś and Marek Kremzer
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7333; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15207333 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1049
Abstract
Magnesium-based alloys are widely used in the construction of automotive, aviation, and medical applications. The solutions presently used for the production of biodegradable materials are characterized by considerable energy consumption and limitations resulting from the use of different devices and technologies. The proposed [...] Read more.
Magnesium-based alloys are widely used in the construction of automotive, aviation, and medical applications. The solutions presently used for the production of biodegradable materials are characterized by considerable energy consumption and limitations resulting from the use of different devices and technologies. The proposed material is easier to manufacture due to mechanical alloying (MA). Thanks to the MA process, it is possible to carefully tailor the desired chemical composition and microstructure. There are many parameters that can be modified during synthesis in order to obtain an alloy with the desired microstructure and specific expected alloy properties. The duration of grinding of the alloy, the size and number of balls, and the protective atmosphere have a great influence on the process of mechanical alloying and the properties of the obtained products. So, the aim of this work was to determine the influence of milling time on the phase composition and structure of Mg-based alloy synthesis products. The tested samples were milled for 5, 8, 13, 20, 30, 50, and 70 h. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy studies (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to obtain the powder morphology and chemical composition of Mg66−xZn30Ca4Agx (where x = 1, 2) powders. Structure characterization based on the Rietveld refinement and crystallite size determination based on the Williamson–Hall theory of milling products were also carried out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials)
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12 pages, 5734 KiB  
Article
Modification of Hydrogenation and Corrosion Properties of Hydrogen Storage Material by Amorphous TiCrFeCoNi HEA Layer
by Agnieszka Giemza, Maria Sozańska and Henryk Bala
Materials 2022, 15(7), 2593; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15072593 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1453
Abstract
The effect of encapsulation of LaNi4.5Co0.5 powdered hydrogen storage material with ≈0.5 µm thick, magnetron-sputtered amorphous film of TiCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) on functional hydrogenation parameters of the hydride electrode is discussed. The multicycle galvanostatic charge/discharge tests carried out in [...] Read more.
The effect of encapsulation of LaNi4.5Co0.5 powdered hydrogen storage material with ≈0.5 µm thick, magnetron-sputtered amorphous film of TiCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) on functional hydrogenation parameters of the hydride electrode is discussed. The multicycle galvanostatic charge/discharge tests carried out in deaerated, 6 M KOH solution allow for determining specific capacity decrease, exchange current density of the H2O/H2 system, and high rate discharge ability (HRD) of the hydride electrodes. Concentrations of individual constituents of the HEA in the particle coating determined by EDS analysis were practically the same (≈20 at.%) as in the applied TiCrFeCoNi target material. The XRD phase analysis pointed out the amorphous structure of the HEA coating. The presence of HEA coating decreases capacity by 10–15 per cent, but increases exchange current density for H2O/H2 system. The effect of HEA on capacity fade is ambiguous: low for 10–25 cycles (most probably due to effective corrosion inhibition) and distinct at long-term cycling (most probably due to galvanic effects resulting from mechanical degradation of particle surface). The presence of HEA coating considerably improves the HRD of the electrode material: for a discharge rate of 5C, the HRD coefficient becomes 4.6 times greater for HEA modified storage material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials)
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20 pages, 6100 KiB  
Article
Combinatorial Study of Phase Composition, Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Co-Cr-Fe-Ni Nanocrystalline Film Processed by Multiple-Beam-Sputtering Physical Vapor Deposition
by Péter Nagy, Nadia Rohbeck, Remo N. Widmer, Zoltán Hegedűs, Johann Michler, László Pethö, János L. Lábár and Jenő Gubicza
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2319; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15062319 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1981
Abstract
A combinatorial Co-Cr-Fe-Ni compositional complex alloy (CCA) thin film disk with a thickness of 1 µm and a diameter of 10 cm was processed by multiple-beam-sputtering physical vapor deposition (PVD) using four pure metal sources. The chemical composition of the four constituent elements [...] Read more.
A combinatorial Co-Cr-Fe-Ni compositional complex alloy (CCA) thin film disk with a thickness of 1 µm and a diameter of 10 cm was processed by multiple-beam-sputtering physical vapor deposition (PVD) using four pure metal sources. The chemical composition of the four constituent elements varied between 4 and 64 at.% in the film, depending on the distance from the four PVD sources. The crystal structure, the crystallite size, the density of lattice defects (e.g., dislocations and twin faults) and the crystallographic texture were studied as a function of the chemical composition. It was found that in a wide range of elemental concentrations a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with {111} crystallographic texture formed during PVD. Considering the equilibrium phase diagrams, it can be concluded that mostly the phase composition of the PVD layer is far from the equilibrium. Body-centered cubic (bcc) and hexagonal-close packed (hcp) structures formed only in the parts of the film close to Co-Fe and Co-Cr sources, respectively. A nanocrystalline microstructure with the grain size of 10–20 nm was developed in the whole layer, irrespective of the chemical composition. Transmission electron microscopy indicated a columnar growth of the film during PVD. The density of as-grown dislocations and twin faults was very high, as obtained by synchrotron X-ray diffraction peak profile analysis. The nanohardness and the elastic modulus were determined by indentation for the different chemical compositions on the combinatorial PVD film. This study is the continuation of a former research published recently in Nagy et al., Materials 14 (2021) 3357. In the previous work, only the fcc part of the sample was investigated. In the present paper, the study was extended to the bcc, hcp and multiphase regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials)
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17 pages, 8625 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Characterization of New Functional Graded Material Based on Ti, Ta, and Zr by Powder Metallurgy Method
by Izabela Matuła, Grzegorz Dercz, Maciej Sowa, Adrian Barylski and Piotr Duda
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6609; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216609 - 02 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1713
Abstract
In view of the aging population and various diseases worldwide, the demand for implants has been rapidly increasing. Despite the efforts of doctors, engineers, and medical companies, the fabrication of and procedures associated with implants have not yet been perfected. Therefore, a high [...] Read more.
In view of the aging population and various diseases worldwide, the demand for implants has been rapidly increasing. Despite the efforts of doctors, engineers, and medical companies, the fabrication of and procedures associated with implants have not yet been perfected. Therefore, a high percentage of premature implantations has been observed. The main problem with metal implants is the mechanical mismatch between human bone and the implant material. Zirconium/titanium-based materials with graded porosity and composition were prepared by powder metallurgy. The whole samples are comprised of three zones, with a radial gradient in the phase composition, microstructure, and pore structure. The samples were prepared by a three-step powder metallurgy method. The microstructure and properties were observed to change gradually with the distance from the center of the sample. The x-ray diffraction analysis and microstructure observation confirmed the formation of diffusive connections between the particular areas. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the obtained materials were checked, with respect to the distance from the center of the sample. An analysis of the corrosion properties of the obtained materials was also carried out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials)
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20 pages, 4357 KiB  
Article
Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Aqueous Thiol-Capped Ag-Zn-Sn-S Nanocrystals
by Volodymyr Dzhagan, Oleksandr Selyshchev, Yevhenii Havryliuk, Nazar Mazur, Oleksandra Raievska, Oleksandr Stroyuk, Serhiy Kondratenko, Alexander P. Litvinchuk, Mykhailo Ya. Valakh and Dietrich R. T. Zahn
Materials 2021, 14(13), 3593; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14133593 - 27 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2398
Abstract
The synthesis of (Cu,Ag)-Zn-Sn-S (CAZTS) and Ag-Zn-Sn-S (AZTS) nanocrystals (NCs) by means of “green” chemistry in aqueous solution and their detailed characterization by Raman spectroscopy and several complementary techniques are reported. Through a systematic variation of the nominal composition and quantification of the [...] Read more.
The synthesis of (Cu,Ag)-Zn-Sn-S (CAZTS) and Ag-Zn-Sn-S (AZTS) nanocrystals (NCs) by means of “green” chemistry in aqueous solution and their detailed characterization by Raman spectroscopy and several complementary techniques are reported. Through a systematic variation of the nominal composition and quantification of the constituent elements in CAZTS and AZTS NCs by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), we identified the vibrational Raman and IR fingerprints of both the main AZTS phase and secondary phases of Ag-Zn-S and Ag-Sn-S compounds. The formation of the secondary phases of Ag-S and Ag-Zn-S cannot be avoided entirely for this type of synthesis. The Ag-Zn-S phase, having its bandgap in near infrared range, is the reason for the non-monotonous dependence of the absorption edge of CAZTS NCs on the Ag content, with a trend to redshift even below the bandgaps of bulk AZTS and CZTS. The work function, electron affinity, and ionization potential of the AZTS NCs are derived using photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Structure Analysis of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials)
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