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Advances in Biomaterials for Endodontics and Their Biocompatibility

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 5519

Special Issue Editor

Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: pulp biology and regeneration; biocompatibility; bioactivity; bioceramic materials; endodontics; chlorhexidine; animal models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomaterials, in current clinical applications, must be functional and sustain controlled interactivity with the cells and tissues with which they are in direct or indirect contact. The evolution from the idea of biocompatibility toward an emphasis in bioactivity has been buttressed by the introduction, over 20 years ago, of hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSC) that effectively seal pulp and periapical wounds, enhancing tissue healing. Since then, new generations of HCSCs have been introduced in the clinical practice, sealers inspired in their composition have been developed, and their therapeutic indications have become vaster.

Contemporary concepts of minimally invasive dentistry and regenerative endodontic procedures are pushing the boundaries of the materials science to improve properties and interaction between biomaterials and stem cells, functionalization of biomaterials and development of scaffolds to support repair and regeneration of soft and hard tissues.

Progress in pulp and periapical biology knowledge and advances in endodontic materials are demanding the assessment of an increased amount of novel biomaterials with multiple methodologies to allow a proper insight into their potential clinical use.

This Special Issue welcomes original scientific research and reviews on those topics.

Prof. Dr. João Miguel Marques dos Santos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • hydraulic calcium silicate cements
  • stem cells
  • biocompatibility
  • bioactivity
  • pulp–dentin regeneration
  • regenerative endodontic procedures
  • scaffolds
  • drug delivery systems
  • growth factors

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4871 KiB  
Article
The Combined Effects of Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cement and Enamel Matrix Derivative Regarding Osteogenic and Dentinogenic Differentiation on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
by Ji-Young Yune, Donghee Lee and Sin-Young Kim
Materials 2023, 16(11), 4003; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16114003 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 837
Abstract
The ideal treatment option for immature necrotic permanent teeth is regeneration of the pulp–dentin complex. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), the conventional cement used for regenerative endodontic procedures, induces hard tissue repair. Various hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) also [...] Read more.
The ideal treatment option for immature necrotic permanent teeth is regeneration of the pulp–dentin complex. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), the conventional cement used for regenerative endodontic procedures, induces hard tissue repair. Various hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) also promote osteoblast proliferation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the osteogenic and dentinogenic potential of commercially distributed MTA and HCSCs when applied in combination with Emdogain gel on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The presence of Emdogain resulted in greater cell viability, and higher alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in the Emdogain-supplemented groups in the early days of cell culture. On qRT–PCR, the groups treated, respectively, with Biodentine and Endocem MTA Premixed in the presence of Emdogain showed an increased expression of the dentin formation marker DSPP, and the group treated with Endocem MTA Premixed in the presence of Emdogain showed an upregulated expression of the bone formation markers OSX and RUNX2. In an Alizarin Red-S staining assay, all of the experimental groups exhibited a greater formation of calcium nodules when treated in combination with Emdogain. Overall, the cytotoxicity and osteogenic/odontogenic potential of HCSCs were similar to that of ProRoot MTA. The addition of the EMD increased the osteogenic and dentinogenic differentiation markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials for Endodontics and Their Biocompatibility)
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18 pages, 6386 KiB  
Article
Histological Evaluation of Restylane Lyft Used as a Scaffold for Dental Pulp Regeneration in Non-Infected Immature Teeth in Dogs
by Norah A. AlHowaish, Dina I. AlSudani, Rita Khounganian and Nehal AlMuraikhi
Materials 2022, 15(12), 4095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15124095 - 09 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1545
Abstract
Commercially available hyaluronic acid dermal fillers used as a scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have demonstrated attractive potentials. This study aimed to histologically evaluate the outcome of REPs using Restylane Lyft (HA) as a scaffold. REPs were performed on pulpless, immature roots [...] Read more.
Commercially available hyaluronic acid dermal fillers used as a scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have demonstrated attractive potentials. This study aimed to histologically evaluate the outcome of REPs using Restylane Lyft (HA) as a scaffold. REPs were performed on pulpless, immature roots in dogs (n = 69). The roots were divided into four groups: blood clot (BC), Restylane Lyft (BC + HA), negative control, and positive control. At 13 weeks postoperatively, hard tissue formation, vascularization, the presence of vascularized soft connective tissue and collagen fibers, the degree of inflammation within pulp spaces and/or periapical tissues, and apical closure were evaluated histologically. The vascularization and formation of loosely arranged collagen fibers within the regenerated soft connective tissues were observed significantly more in the BC+HA group (85% and 40%, respectively; p < 0.05) compared to the BC group (54.6% and 9.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). The degree of inflammation was significantly higher in the HA group than in the BC group; moderate to severe inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in 45% and 13.6% of the cases, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that Restylane Lyft combined with a blood clot used as a scaffold may improve the outcomes of REPs in non-infected, pulpless, immature teeth in dogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials for Endodontics and Their Biocompatibility)
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9 pages, 670 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Bioceramic Sealer Retreatability and Its Influence on Force and Torque Generation
by Ahmed Jamleh, Mohannad Nassar, Abdulmohsen Alfadley, Azhar Alanazi, Hadeel Alotiabi, Maryam Alghilan and Khalid Alfouzan
Materials 2022, 15(9), 3316; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15093316 - 05 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
This study assesses the retreatability of TotalFill bioceramic (TFBC) and AH Plus (AHP) sealers and their impact on retreatment force and torque. Twenty-six premolar teeth with single oval canals were instrumented, obturated using the matched gutta-percha cone technique with one of the tested [...] Read more.
This study assesses the retreatability of TotalFill bioceramic (TFBC) and AH Plus (AHP) sealers and their impact on retreatment force and torque. Twenty-six premolar teeth with single oval canals were instrumented, obturated using the matched gutta-percha cone technique with one of the tested sealers, and then temporized. After a 6-month incubation at 37 °C and 100% humidity, the canals were retreated with the XP Shaper system. During retreatment, the generated force and torque were measured. Micro-CT scanning was run before and after the retreatment procedure to analyze the remaining obturating materials in the canals. The apically directed maximum force in AHP was higher than that in TFBC. The coronally directed maximum force and the maximum torque were comparable between the groups. A higher amount of remaining obturating materials was found in the AHP compared to that in the TFBC. Based on these findings, endodontic sealer had an influence on retreatability, and the TFBC showed less remaining obturating materials and lower retreatment forces in the apical direction compared to the AHP in extracted teeth with oval canals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials for Endodontics and Their Biocompatibility)
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