Submit to Materials Review for Materials Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2022) | Viewed by 27314

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Enrico Marchetti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: implant dentistry; clinical trials; periodontal regeneration; orthodontic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue, “Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology”, will address future and present biomaterials in periodontal and peri-implant regeneration. Various products are currently available on the market, including bone grafts, bone fillers, scaffolds, membranes, and growth factors. Each with its advantages and disadvantages. The ideal biomaterial should be biocompatible, economic, resorbable, and need to ensure volume stability. Today, a biomaterial also needs to enhance the regenerative process with the adjunct of growth factors, cells, and tailored approaches that will guarantee a better healing process. Therapies that are currently under development are based on the use of cells and 3D printing scaffolds.

This Special Issue will collect manuscripts and data about current and new biomaterials in periodontal and peri-implant regeneration. In vitro studies, case reports, case series, reviews, and, in particular, randomized clinical trials are welcome.

Dr. Enrico Marchetti
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

periodontology
regeneration
biomaterials
growth factors
scaffolds
3d printable biomaterials
graftless approach
guided bone regeneration
guided tissue regeneration
membranes

Published Papers (10 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 4869 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occlusive and Proliferative Properties of Different Collagen Membranes—An In Vitro Study

by Vishal Sehgal, Nisarat Ruangsawasdi, Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen, Sompop Bencharit and Prakan Thanasrisuebwong

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1657; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16041657 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1423

Abstract

Different collagen barrier membranes come in various sources and crosslinking that may affect barrier function and tissue integration. This study investigated barrier function and tissue integration of the three different collagen membranes (Jason^®: porcine pericardium, GENOSS: bovine tendon, and BioMend^® Extend: cross-linked bovine tendon) with human gingival fibroblasts. The barrier function and tissue integration properties were determined under confocal microscopy. Morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Our results showed that all collagen membranes allowed a small number of cells to migrate, and the difference in barrier function ability was not significant. The cross-linked characteristics did not improve barrier ability. The native collagen membrane surfaces allowed evenly scattered proliferation of HGF, while the cross-linked collagen membrane induced patchy proliferation. Statistically significant differences in cell proliferation were found between Jason and BioMend Extend membranes (p = 0.04). Scanning electron microscope showed a compact membrane surface at the top, while the bottom surfaces displayed interwoven collagen fibers, which were denser in the crosslinked collagen membranes. Within the limitations of this study, collagen membranes of different origins and physical properties can adequately prevent the invasion of unwanted cells. Native collagen membranes may provide a better surface for gingival cell attachment and proliferation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 3161 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Proliferation and Morphological Assessment of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast towards Bovine Pericardium Membranes: An In Vitro Study

by Serena Bianchi, Sara Bernardi, Davide Simeone, Diana Torge, Guido Macchiarelli and Enrico Marchetti

Materials 2022, 15(23), 8284; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15238284 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1687

Abstract

Over the past decade regenerative branches of dentistry have taken on more and more importance, resulting in the development of performing scaffold materials. These should induce cell adhesion, support, and guide the tissues’ growth. Among the developed materials, we can include resorbable or non-membranes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proliferation abilities and the attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLIFs) over two bovine pericardium membranes with different thicknesses, 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. These membranes have been decellularized by the manufacturer, preserving the three-dimensional collagen’s structure. The HPLFs were cultured in standard conditions and exposed to the tested materials. XTT was performed to assess cell proliferation, while light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations assessed fibroblast morphology at different times (T1, T2, and T3). Proliferation assays have shown a statistically significant difference in growth at T1 (p < 0.05) in the cells cultured with a thicker membrane compared to the thinner one. LM analysis showed healthy fibroblasts in contact with the membranes, appearing larger and with a polygonal shape. SEM observation demonstrated thickening of the fibroblasts which continued to adhere to the membrane’s surface, with enlarged polygonal shape and developed filipodia and lamellipodia. These results showed a similar cell behavior over the two bovine pericardium membranes, demonstrating a cellular migration along and within the layers of the membrane, binding with membrane fibers by means of filopodial extensions. Knowledge of the effects of the collagen membranes derived from bovine pericardium on cellular behavior will help clinicians choose the type of scaffolds according to the required clinical situation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 11761 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Blood Clot in Guided Bone Regeneration: Biological Considerations and Clinical Applications with Titanium Foil

by Lucio Milillo, Fabrizio Cinone, Federico Lo Presti, Dorina Lauritano and Massimo Petruzzi

Materials 2021, 14(21), 6642; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216642 - 04 Nov 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3092

Abstract

In Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) materials and techniques are essential to achieve the expected results. Thanks to their properties, blood clots induce bone healing, maturation, differentiation and organization. The preferred material to protect the clot in Guided Bone Regeneration is the titanium foil, as it can be shaped according to the bone defect. Furthermore, its exposition in the oral cavity does not impair the procedure. We report on five clinical cases in order to explain the management of blood clots in combination with titanium foil barriers in different clinical settings. Besides being the best choice to protect the clot, the titanium foil represents an excellent barrier that is useful in GBR due to its biocompatibility, handling, and mechanical strength properties. The clot alone is the best natural scaffold to obtain the ideal bone quality and avoid the persistence of not-resorbed granules of filler materials in the newly regenerated bone. Even though clot contraction still needs to be improved, as it impacts the volume of the regenerated bone, future studies in GBR should be inspired by the clot and its fundamental properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 6736 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Osteosphere Model to Evaluate Cell–Surface Interactions of Implantable Biomaterials

by Ana Carolina Batista Brochado, Victor Hugo de Souza, Joice Correa, Suzana Azevedo dos Anjos, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão, Angelo Cardarelli, Pietro Montemezzi, Vinicius Schott Gameiro, Mariana Rodrigues Pereira, Elena Mavropoulos and Gutemberg Gomes Alves

Materials 2021, 14(19), 5858; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14195858 - 07 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1660

Abstract

Successful biomaterials for bone tissue therapy must present different biocompatible properties, such as the ability to stimulate the migration and proliferation of osteogenic cells on the implantable surface, to increase attachment and avoid the risks of implant movement after surgery. The present work investigates the applicability of a three-dimensional (3D) model of bone cells (osteospheres) in the evaluation of osteoconductive properties of different implant surfaces. Three different titanium surface treatments were tested: machined (MA), sandblasting and acid etching (BE), and Hydroxyapatite coating by plasma spray (PSHA). The surfaces were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), confirming that they present very distinct roughness. After seeding the osteospheres, cell–surface interactions were studied in relation to cell proliferation, migration, and spreading. The results show that BE surfaces present higher densities of cells, leaving the aggregates towards than titanium surfaces, providing more evidence of migration. The PSHA surface presented the lowest performance in all analyses. The results indicate that the 3D model allows the focal analysis of an in vitro cell/surfaces interaction of cells and surfaces. Moreover, by demonstrating the agreement with the clinical data observed in the literature, they suggest a potential use as a predictive preclinical tool for investigating osteoconductive properties of novel biomaterials for bone therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chemical Characterisation of Silanised Zirconia Nanoparticles and Their Effects on the Properties of PMMA-Zirconia Nanocomposites

by Saleh Zidan, Nikolaos Silikas, Suhad Al-Nasrawi, Julfikar Haider, Abdulrahman Alshabib, Alshame Alshame and Julian Yates

Materials 2021, 14(12), 3212; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14123212 - 10 Jun 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2694

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of high-impact (HI) heat-cured acrylic resin (PMMA) reinforced with silane-treated zirconia nanoparticles. Methods: Forty-five PMMA specimens reinforced with zirconia were fabricated and divided into three groups: Pure HI PMMA (control group), PMMA reinforced with 3 wt.% of non-silanised zirconia nanoparticles and PMMA reinforced with 3 wt.% of silanised zirconia nanoparticles. Silanised and non-silanised zirconia nanoparticles were analysed with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. For measuring the flexural modulus and strength, a Zwick universal tester was used, and for surface hardness, a Vickers hardness tester were used. Furthermore, raw materials and fractured surfaces were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A one-way ANOVA test followed by a post-hoc Bonferroni test was employed to analyse the data. Results: The results showed that the mean values for flexural strength (83.5 ± 6.2 MPa) and surface hardness (20.1 ± 2.3 kg/mm²) of the group containing 3 wt.% treated zirconia increased significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison to the specimens in the group containing non-treated zirconia (59.9 ± 7.1 MPa; 15.0 ± 0.2 kg/mm²) and the control group (72.4 ± 8.6 MPa; 17.1 ± 0.9 kg/mm²). However, the group with silanised zirconia showed an increase in flexural modulus (2313 ± 161 MPa) but was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the non-silanised group (2207 ± 252 MPa) and the control group (1971 ± 235 MPa). Conclusion: Silane-treated zirconia nano-filler improves the surface hardness and flexural strength of HI PMMA-zirconia nanocomposites, giving a potentially longer service life of the denture base. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2928 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antibacterial Properties of Small-Size Peptide Derived from Penetratin against Oral Streptococci

by Meng Li, Yanyan Yang, Chen Lin, Qian Zhang, Lei Gong, Yonglan Wang and Xi Zhang

Materials 2021, 14(11), 2730; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14112730 - 21 May 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1851

Abstract

Periodontitis, an infectious disease originating from dental biofilms that causes the irreversible loss of alveolar bone, is accompanied by gradual biofilm formation and the continuous progression of inflammation. A small peptide derived from penetratin, Arg-Gln-Ile-Arg-Arg-Trp-Trp-Gln-Arg-NH₂ (RR9), appears to have antibacterial properties against selected strains associated with periodontitis. The purpose of this research is to assess the antibacterial activity and mechanism of RR9 against the initial oral colonizers Streptococci oralis, Streptococci gordonii, and Streptococci sanguinis and to investigate the cytotoxicity of RR9 on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. The effects of RR9 on the initial oral settlers of planktonic and biofilm states were evaluated by measuring the MIC, MBC, bactericidal kinetics, and antibiofilm activity. Visual evidence and antibacterial mechanisms were identified, and the anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity were measured. The results demonstrated that RR9 can inhibit the growth of streptococci in the planktonic state and during biofilm formation in vitro while keeping a low toxicity against eukaryotic cells. The antibacterial mechanism was proven to be related to the lower expression of sspA in streptococci. RR9 may be used as a potential antimicrobial and anti-infective agent for periodontal disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3823 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flexural Strength and Hardness of Filler-Reinforced PMMA Targeted for Denture Base Application

by Abdulaziz Alhotan, Julian Yates, Saleh Zidan, Julfikar Haider and Nikolaos Silikas

Materials 2021, 14(10), 2659; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102659 - 19 May 2021

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 3308

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the flexural strength and surface hardness of heat-cured Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) modified by the addition of ZrO₂ nanoparticles, TiO₂ nanoparticles, and E-glass fibre at different wt.% concentrations. Specimens were fabricated and separated into four groups (n = 10) to measure both flexural strength and surface hardness. Group C was the control group. The specimens in the remaining three groups differed according to the ratio of filler to weight of PMMA resin (1.5%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). A three-point bending test was performed to determine the flexural strength, while the surface hardness was measured using the Vickers hardness. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the fractured surface of the specimens. The flexural strength was significantly improved in the groups filled with 3 wt.% ZrO₂ and 5 and 7 wt.% E-glass fibre in comparison to Group C. All the groups displayed a significantly higher surface hardness than Group C, with the exception of the 1.5% TiO₂ and 1.5% ZrO₂ groups. The optimal filler concentrations to enhance the flexural strength of PMMA resin were between 3–5% ZrO₂, 1.5% TiO₂, and 3–7% E-glass fibre. Furthermore, for all composites, a filler concentration of 3 wt.% and above would significantly improve hardness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

25 pages, 1173 KiB

Open AccessReview

Overview of the Effect of Different Regenerative Materials in Class II Furcation Defects in Periodontal Patients

by Gerasimos Odysseas Georgiou, Francesco Tarallo, Enrico Marchetti and Sergio Bizzarro

Materials 2022, 15(9), 3194; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15093194 - 28 Apr 2022

Viewed by 2096

Abstract

The aim of this review was to give an overview of the outcomes of the use of different regenerative materials to treat molars with class II furcation defects in patients with periodontitis in comparison with open flap debridement (OFD). A search of five databases (PubMed-Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science) was conducted up to and including January 2022. According to the PICOS guidelines, only randomized control trials (S) considering periodontal patients with at least one molar with a class II furcation involvement (P) treated with regenerative materials (I) in comparison to OFD as control treatment (C) and a minimum follow-up period of 6 months were included. Vertical clinical attachment level (VCAL) was considered as the primary outcome (O), while horizontal clinical attachment level (HCAL), horizontal probing depth (HPD) and vertical probing depth (VPD) were considered as secondary outcomes. The search through the databases initially identified 1315 articles. Only 25 of them met the eligibility criteria and were included. The studies were grouped in four macro-categories according to the material used: absorbable and non-absorbable membranes, blood derivatives and a combination of different materials. The greater part of the included studies reported a statistically significant difference in using regenerative materials when compared to OFD. The blood derivatives groups reported a range of mean changes in VCAL of 0.86–4.6 mm, absorbable membrane groups reported −0.6–3.75 mm, non-absorbable membranes groups reported −2.47–4.1 mm, multiple materials groups reported −1.5–4.87 mm and enamel matrix derivatives reported a mean change in VCAL of 1.45 mm. OFD showed a range of mean VCAL changes of −1.86–2.81 mm. Although no statistical analysis was performed, the use of regenerative materials may be considered moderately beneficial in the treatment of molars with grade II furcation involvement. However, the substantial heterogeneity in the protocols’ design does not allow us to draw definitive conclusions. In addition, low levels of evidence for morbidity and patient-centered outcomes were reported. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 9601 KiB

Open AccessReview

Periodontal Bifunctional Biomaterials: Progress and Perspectives

by Qiuxia Huang, Xin Huang and Lisha Gu

Materials 2021, 14(24), 7588; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14247588 - 10 Dec 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3071

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease that destroys periodontal supportive tissues and eventually causes tooth loss. It is attributed to microbial and immune factors. The goal of periodontal therapy is to achieve complete alveolar bone regeneration while keeping inflammation well-controlled. To reach this goal, many single or composite biomaterials that produce antibacterial and osteogenic effects on periodontal tissues have been developed, which are called bifunctional biomaterials. In this review, we summarize recent progress in periodontal bifunctional biomaterials including bioactive agents, guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) membranes, tissue engineering scaffolds and drug delivery systems and provide novel perspectives. In conclusion, composite biomaterials have been greatly developed and they should be chosen with care due to the risk of selection bias and the lack of evaluation of the validity of the included studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2168 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biomaterials for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Regeneration

by Leonardo Mancini, Mario Romandini, Adriano Fratini, Lorenzo Maria Americo, Saurav Panda and Enrico Marchetti

Materials 2021, 14(12), 3319; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14123319 - 15 Jun 2021

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4851

Abstract

Periodontal and peri-implant regeneration is the technique that aims to restore the damaged tissue around teeth and implants. They are surrounded by a different apparatus, and according to it, the regenerative procedure can differ for both sites. During the last century, several biomaterials and biological mediators were proposed to achieve a complete restoration of the damaged tissues with less invasiveness and a tailored approach. Based on relevant systematic reviews and articles searched on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, data regarding different biomaterials were extracted and summarized. Bone grafts of different origin, membranes for guided tissue regeneration, growth factors, and stem cells are currently the foundation of the routinary clinical practice. Moreover, a tailored approach, according to the patient and specific to the involved tooth or implant, is mandatory to achieve a better result and a reduction in patient morbidity and discomfort. The aim of this review is to summarize clinical findings and future developments regarding grafts, membranes, molecules, and emerging therapies. In conclusion, tissue engineering is constantly evolving; moreover, a tailor-made approach for each patient is essential to obtain a reliable result and the combination of several biomaterials is the elective choice in several conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials in Periodontology and Implantology)

► Show Figures