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Drug Delivery Carriers and Application of Nanomaterials

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2023) | Viewed by 6781

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Dr. Shazid Md. Sharker

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Guest Editor

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
Interests: nanoparticles theragnosis; drug delivery system; photothermal therapy; biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in nanomaterials sciences have contributed to drug delivery carriers that can work on the site of disease. Stimulus-responsive nanomaterials, with a combination of therapeutic agents, impact every branch of medicine, and several stimulus-active nanomaterials have been developed that can be controlled using pH and temperature or both. However, creating stimulus-trigger delivery carriers with a specific release site for targeted therapeutic activity is challenging. To this end, there is an excellent opportunity to combine the stimulus-trigger nanomaterials carriers with therapeutic agents to control therapeutic release rationally.

Drug release from the carriers complies with the predetermined rate irrespective of patient need or changing physiologic condition. In the physiologic system, the temperature increases blood flow that can play a significant role in releasing drugs from carriers. Furthermore, the average body temperature is about 98.6° Fahrenheit, but various conditions, illnesses, and medicines can raise body temperature. Additionally, heat can be remotely generated in the skin by various typical tools such as hot air, NIR light, focus ultrasound (FUS), microwave (MW), etc. Moreover, the in vivo pH staying at 7.4 most of the time may increase or decrease based on pathological conditions. Understanding these temperature and pH effects and designing meaningful thermo- and pH-dependent nanomaterials are significant to developing and evaluating the controlled-release drug delivery system.

Dr. Shazid Md. Sharker
Guest Editor

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Keywords

nanomaterials for drug delivery systems
NIR-light-triggered drug delivery carriers
FUS-triggered drug delivery carriers
MW-triggered drug delivery carriers
pH-triggered drug delivery carriers

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7183 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biocompatible Hydrogel-Based Liquid Marbles with Magnetosomes

by Rafał Bielas, Tomasz Kubiak, Matus Molcan, Bernadeta Dobosz, Michal Rajnak and Arkadiusz Józefczak

Materials 2024, 17(1), 99; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17010099 - 24 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1052

Abstract

Liquid marbles are widely known for their potential biomedical applications, especially due to their versatility and ease of preparation. In the present work, we prepared liquid marbles with various cores composed of water, agar-based hydrogels, magnetic fluids, or non-aqueous substances. As a coating material, we used biocompatible particles of plant origin, such as turmeric grains and Lycopodium pollen. Additionally, we provided marbles with magnetic properties by incorporating either magnetosomes or iron oxide nanoparticles as a powder or by injecting another magnetic fluid. Structures obtained in this way were stable and susceptible to manipulation by an external magnetic field. The properties of the magnetic components of our marbles were verified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Our approach to encapsulation of active substances such as antibiotics within a protective hydrogel core opens up new perspectives for the delivery of hydrophobic payloads to the inherently hydrophilic biological environment. Additionally, hydrogel marbles enriched with magnetic materials showed promise as biocompatible heating agents under alternating magnetic fields. A significant innovation of our research was also the fabrication of composite structures in which the gel-like core was surrounded without mixing by a magnetic fluid covered on the outside by the particle shell. Our liquid marbles, especially those with a hydrogel core and magnetic content, due to the ease of preparation and favorable properties, have great potential for biomedical use. The fact that we were able to simultaneously produce, functionalize (by filling with predefined cargo), and manipulate (by means of an external magnetic field) several marbles also seems to be important from an application point of view. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Carriers and Application of Nanomaterials)

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8 pages, 2126 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Macrophage Polarization Related to Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Coatings: A Preliminary Study

by Jiping Chen, Yiwen Zhou, Xingnan Lin and Huang Li

Materials 2023, 16(1), 332; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16010332 - 29 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1446

Abstract

Biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) coatings were used to deliver bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and enhance osteogenesis. However, the mechanism for BioCaP coatings interacting with the immune response during bone regeneration remains unclear. In this preliminary study, the effect of BioCaP coatings on macrophage polarization without (BioCaP group) or with BMP2 (BioCaP+Inc.BMP2 group) was investigated. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured on the rough and platelike surfaces of coatings in BioCaP and BioCaP+Inc.BMP2 groups, while cultured on smooth surfaces in the group without material for 5 days. The BioCaP coatings per se modulated the switch of M1 to M2 phenotype from day 3, which promoted the expressions of Arg1 and CD 206 but reduced the expression of TNF-α compared with No material group. To detect the microenvironmental changes, the concentrations of calcium ion (Ca²⁺) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), pH values, as well as calcium phosphate crystal pattern were examined. The trends of ionic environmental changes were closely related with macrophage phenotype switch. These results suggest that BioCaP coating itself may affect the macrophage polarization through surface topography, surrounding ionic environment and calcium phosphate crystal pattern. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Carriers and Application of Nanomaterials)

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20 pages, 5062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nanophotosensitizers Composed of Phenyl Boronic Acid Pinacol Ester-Conjugated Chitosan Oligosaccharide via Thioketal Linker for Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Delivery of Chlorin e6 against Oral Cancer Cells

by Sung-Ok Hong, Min-Suk Kook, Young-IL Jeong, Min-Ju Park, Seong-Won Yang and Byung-Hoon Kim

Materials 2022, 15(20), 7057; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15207057 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1950

Abstract

Chlorin E6 (Ce6)-incorporated nanophotosensitizers were fabricated for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of oral cancer cells. For this purpose, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was conjugated with hydrophobic and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive moieties, such as phenyl boronic acid pinacol ester (PBAP) via a thioketal linker (COSthPBAP). ThdCOOH was conjugated with PBAP to produce ThdCOOH-PBAP conjugates and then attached to amine groups of COS to produce a COSthPBAP copolymer. Ce6-incorporated nanophotosensitizers using the COSthPBAP copolymer were fabricated through the nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. The Ce6-incorporated COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers had a small diameter of less than 200 nm with a mono-modal distribution pattern. However, it became a multimodal and/or irregular distribution pattern when H₂O₂ was added. In a morphological observation using TEM, the nanophotosensitizers were disintegrated by the addition of H₂O₂, indicating that the COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers had ROS sensitivity. In addition, the Ce6 release rate from the COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers accelerated in the presence of H₂O₂. The SO generation was also higher in the nanophotosensitizers than in the free Ce6. Furthermore, the COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers showed a higher intracellular Ce6 uptake ratio and ROS generation in all types of oral cancer cells. They efficiently inhibited the viability of oral cancer cells under light irradiation, but they did not significantly affect the viability of either normal cells or cancer cells in the absence of light irradiation. The COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers showed a tumor-specific delivery capacity and fluorescence imaging of KB tumors in an in vivo animal tumor imaging study. We suggest that COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers are promising candidates for the imaging and treatment of oral cancers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Carriers and Application of Nanomaterials)

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20 pages, 3439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

pH-Sensitive Polyacrylic Acid-Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanocarrier Incorporated with Calcium Ions for Controlled Drug Release

by Jungwon Kong, Sung Soo Park and Chang-Sik Ha

Materials 2022, 15(17), 5926; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15175926 - 27 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1797

Abstract

In this work, polyacrylic acid-functionalized MCM-41 was synthesized, which was made to interact with calcium ions, in order to realize enhanced pH-responsive nanocarriers for sustained drug release. First, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared by the sol-gel method. Afterward, a (3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) modified surface was prepared by using the post-grafting method, and then the polymerization of the acrylic acid was performed. After adding a calcium chloride solution, polyacrylic acid-functionalized MSNs with calcium-carboxyl ionic bonds in the polymeric layer, which can prevent the cargo from leaking out of the mesopore, were prepared. The structure and morphology of the modified nanoparticles (PAA-MSNs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis, etc. The controlled release of guest molecules was studied by using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The drug molecule-incorporated nanoparticles showed different releasing rates under different pH conditions. It is considered that our current materials have the potential as pH-responsive nanocarriers in the field of medical treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Carriers and Application of Nanomaterials)

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