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Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2022) | Viewed by 14951

Special Issue Editors

Department of Information and Computational Science, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: computational mechanics; coupled problems; micromechanics; nonlinear problems; plasticity; damage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40 Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: continuum damage mechanics of materials and structures; modelling of ceramic polycrystalline materials; modelling of composites: ceramic, metal and polymer matrix, metal and polymer foams, wood and plywood; fracture mechanics of materials under mechanical loading and thermal shock; plates with damage and sandwich structures; experimental testing of materials and structures under: static, cyclic, thermal and impact loading
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ceramic materials are of a complex internal structure. The materials are used in structures of high responsibility like drilling devices, cutting devices, jet engines, and many others. Examples of such materials are multiphase polycrystals, for example, WC/Co, SiC/Al, and Al2O3/ZrO2. The combination of phases of different properties yields a complex microstructure.

The dynamic phenomena are very diverse. During high-velocity impact, complex phenomena like cracks, fragmentation and phase transformation in a ceramic–metal matrix composites appear. The behavior of CMM and composites of all brittle phases is qualitatively different. Special attention is given to the influence of voids, and inclusions within the polycrystalline materials on their performance.

In recent decades, the advancement of the numerical methods has allowed for the analysis of impact phenomena not only because of theory development but also due to the application of high-performance computing.

Numerical analysis often makes it possible to have an insight into the rapid processes that are practically impossible to follow during experiments.

  • Impact of samples, fragmentation;
  • Variable dynamic loads;
  • Imperfections, voids, inclusions in grains, imperfections in grain boundaries;
  • Imperfections in interfaces;
  • Numerical methods (finite element method, meshless methods);
  • Nonlocal methods;
  • Thermal effects, phase transformation.

We warmly invite all colleagues to submit a full paper, communication, or a review.

Dr. Eligiusz Postek
Prof. Tomasz Sadowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ceramics
  • numerical methods
  • coupled problems
  • damage
  • plasticity
  • thermomechanics

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 3804 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of ((CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.2)@NiO Core-Shell Type Nanostructures and Microextrusion Printing of a Composite Anode Based on Them
by Tatiana L. Simonenko, Nikolay P. Simonenko, Philipp Yu. Gorobtsov, Oleg Yu. Grafov, Elizaveta P. Simonenko and Nikolay T. Kuznetsov
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8918; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15248918 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1206
Abstract
The process of the hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchically organized nanomaterials with the core-shell structure with the composition ((CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.2)@NiO was studied, and the prospects for their application in the formation of planar composite structures [...] Read more.
The process of the hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchically organized nanomaterials with the core-shell structure with the composition ((CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.2)@NiO was studied, and the prospects for their application in the formation of planar composite structures using microextrusion printing were shown. The hydrothermal synthesis conditions of the (CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.2 nanospheres were determined, and the approach to their surface modification by growing the NiO shell with the formation of core-shell structures equally distributed between the larger nickel(II) oxide nanosheets was developed. The resulting nanopowder was used as a functional ink component in the microextrusion printing of the corresponding composite coating. The microstructure of the powders and the oxide coating was studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the crystal structure was explored by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), the set of functional groups in the powders was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, and their thermal behavior in an air flow by synchronous thermal analysis (TGA/DSC). The electronic state of the chemical elements in the resulting coating was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface topography and local electrophysical properties of the composite coating were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Using impedance spectroscopy, the temperature dependence of the specific electrical conductivity of the obtained composite coating was estimated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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15 pages, 8819 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Effect of Supersonic Flow of Dissociated Nitrogen on ZrB2–HfB2–SiC Ceramics Doped with 10 vol.% Carbon Nanotubes
by Elizaveta P. Simonenko, Nikolay P. Simonenko, Anatoly F. Kolesnikov, Aleksey V. Chaplygin, Anton S. Lysenkov, Ilya A. Nagornov, Artem S. Mokrushin and Nikolay T. Kuznetsov
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8507; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15238507 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1178
Abstract
The method of fabricating dense ultra-high temperature ceramic materials ZrB2–HfB2–SiC–CCNT was developed using a combination of sol-gel synthesis and reaction hot pressing approaches at 1800 °C. It was found that the introduction of multilayer nanotubes (10 vol.%) led [...] Read more.
The method of fabricating dense ultra-high temperature ceramic materials ZrB2–HfB2–SiC–CCNT was developed using a combination of sol-gel synthesis and reaction hot pressing approaches at 1800 °C. It was found that the introduction of multilayer nanotubes (10 vol.%) led to an increase in the consolidation efficiency of ceramics (at temperatures > 1600 °C). The obtained ZrB2–HfB2–SiC and ZrB2–HfB2–SiC–CCNT materials were characterized by a complex of physical and chemical analysis methods. A study of the effects on the modified sample ZrB2–HfB2–SiC–CCNT composition speed flow of partially dissociated nitrogen, using a high-frequency plasmatron, showed that, despite the relatively low temperature established on the surface (≤1585 °C), there was a significant change in the chemical composition and surface microstructure: in the near-surface layer, zirconium–hafnium carbonitride, amorphous boron nitride, and carbon were present. The latter caused changes in crucial characteristics such as the emission coefficient and surface catalyticity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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17 pages, 13926 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Compression of a SiC Foam
by Eligiusz Postek and Tomasz Sadowski
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8363; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15238363 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1096
Abstract
Silicon carbide foam is a material that can be used as reinforcement of interpenetrated composites. This paper presents an analysis of such a foam subjected to low and fast compression. The analysis is performed using the peridynamics (PD) method. This approach allows for [...] Read more.
Silicon carbide foam is a material that can be used as reinforcement of interpenetrated composites. This paper presents an analysis of such a foam subjected to low and fast compression. The analysis is performed using the peridynamics (PD) method. This approach allows for an evaluation of failure modes and such effects of microcracks nucleation, their growth, and, finally, fragmentation. Furthermore, the material appears to behave qualitatively and quantitatively differently while subjected to low- and high-speed steel piston movement. Under slow compression case, damage appears in the entire specimen, but the shape of the structure is not changing significantly, whereas during the fast compression the sample is dynamically fragmented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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13 pages, 4351 KiB  
Article
Structure and Spectral Luminescence Properties of (ZrO2)0.909(Y2O3)0.09(Eu2O3)0.001 Ceramics Synthesized by Uniaxial Compaction and Slip Casting
by Mikhail Borik, Alexey Kulebyakin, Vladimir Kyashkin, Nataliya Larina, Elena Lomonova, Filipp Milovich, Valentina Myzina, Alexey Nezhdanov, Polina Ryabochkina, Nataliya Tabachkova and Efim Chernov
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7722; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15217722 - 02 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 921
Abstract
The structure, phase composition and spectral luminescence properties of single crystal and ceramic specimens of (ZrO2)0.909(Y2O3)0.09(Eu2O3)0.001 solid solutions synthesized using uniaxial compaction and slip casting techniques have been [...] Read more.
The structure, phase composition and spectral luminescence properties of single crystal and ceramic specimens of (ZrO2)0.909(Y2O3)0.09(Eu2O3)0.001 solid solutions synthesized using uniaxial compaction and slip casting techniques have been compared. The ceramic specimens have been synthesized from crushed single crystal specimens of similar composition. It has been shown that the crystalline structures of the ceramic and single crystal specimens are identical and cubic. The ceramic specimens synthesized using different methods prove to have close microstructure patterns. The spectral luminescence properties of Eu3+ ions in the (ZrO2)0.909(Y2O3)0.09(Eu2O3)0.001 ceramic specimens are similar to those of the single crystals with similar composition. The (ZrO2)0.909(Y2O3)0.09(Eu2O3)0.001 ceramic specimens prove to have uncontrolled Cr3+:Al2O3 impurities due to the synthesis conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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10 pages, 4956 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Molten Salt Infiltration on 2D SiCf/SiC Composite by Chemical Vapour Infiltration
by Yantao Gao, Hui Tang, Ke Li and Hao Yan
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7182; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15207182 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 995
Abstract
The SiCf/SiC composite manufactured by chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) is a kind of porous material. Liquid molten salt in a Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) may enter into the porous composites and affect their performance. Through the study of the internal pores [...] Read more.
The SiCf/SiC composite manufactured by chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) is a kind of porous material. Liquid molten salt in a Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) may enter into the porous composites and affect their performance. Through the study of the internal pores in the material, the permeability behaviour of the material can be investigated, which is of great significance to the analysis of the properties of the material itself. However, there is less investigation on effects of molten salt infiltration on the internal pore structure of SiCf/SiC composites. In this paper, a molten salt infiltration experiment of 2D woven SiCf/SiC composites was implemented at 650 °C, 3 atm. SEM, CT and XRD were used to characterize it. The results indicated that the microstructure could be affected by partial molten salt infiltration and temperature change. The distribution of porosity of the composite showed an obvious transformation. The lattice spacing of SiC showed an increased tendancy of stress relaxation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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37 pages, 8973 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Scale Approach for Phase Field Modeling of Ultra-Hard Ceramic Composites
by J. D. Clayton, M. Guziewski, J. P. Ligda, R. B. Leavy and J. Knap
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1408; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14061408 - 14 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2335
Abstract
Diamond-silicon carbide (SiC) polycrystalline composite blends are studied using a computational approach combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for obtaining grain boundary (GB) fracture properties and phase field mechanics for capturing polycrystalline deformation and failure. An authentic microstructure, reconstructed from experimental lattice diffraction data [...] Read more.
Diamond-silicon carbide (SiC) polycrystalline composite blends are studied using a computational approach combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for obtaining grain boundary (GB) fracture properties and phase field mechanics for capturing polycrystalline deformation and failure. An authentic microstructure, reconstructed from experimental lattice diffraction data with locally refined discretization in GB regions, is used to probe effects of local heterogeneities on material response in phase field simulations. The nominal microstructure consists of larger diamond and SiC (cubic polytype) grains, a matrix of smaller diamond grains and nanocrystalline SiC, and GB layers encasing the larger grains. These layers may consist of nanocrystalline SiC, diamond, or graphite, where volume fractions of each phase are varied within physically reasonable limits in parametric studies. Distributions of fracture energies from MD tension simulations are used in the phase field energy functional for SiC-SiC and SiC-diamond interfaces, where grain boundary geometries are obtained from statistical analysis of lattice orientation data on the real microstructure. An elastic homogenization method is used to account for distributions of second-phase graphitic inclusions as well as initial voids too small to be resolved individually in the continuum field discretization. In phase field simulations, SiC single crystals may twin, and all phases may fracture. The results of MD calculations show mean strengths of diamond-SiC interfaces are much lower than those of SiC-SiC GBs. In phase field simulations, effects on peak aggregate stress and ductility from different GB fracture energy realizations with the same mean fracture energy and from different random microstructure orientations are modest. Results of phase field simulations show unconfined compressive strength is compromised by diamond-SiC GBs, graphitic layers, graphitic inclusions, and initial porosity. Explored ranges of porosity and graphite fraction are informed by physical observations and constrained by accuracy limits of elastic homogenization. Modest reductions in strength and energy absorption are witnessed for microstructures with 4% porosity or 4% graphite distributed uniformly among intergranular matrix regions. Further reductions are much more severe when porosity is increased to 8% relative to when graphite is increased to 8%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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14 pages, 9271 KiB  
Article
Blast Test and Failure Mechanisms of Soft-Core Sandwich Panels for Storage Halls Applications
by Robert Studziński, Tomasz Gajewski, Michał Malendowski, Wojciech Sumelka, Hasan Al-Rifaie, Piotr Peksa and Piotr W. Sielicki
Materials 2021, 14(1), 70; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14010070 - 25 Dec 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2288
Abstract
In this paper, an experimental investigation is presented for sandwich panels with various core layer materials (polyisocyanurate foam, mineral wool, and expanded polystyrene) when subjected to a justified blast load. The field tests simulated the case for when 5 kg of trinitrotoluene (TNT) [...] Read more.
In this paper, an experimental investigation is presented for sandwich panels with various core layer materials (polyisocyanurate foam, mineral wool, and expanded polystyrene) when subjected to a justified blast load. The field tests simulated the case for when 5 kg of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is localized outside a building’s facade with a 5150 mm stand-off distance. The size and distance of the blast load from the obstacle can be understood as the case of both accidental action and a real terroristic threat. The sandwich panels have a nominal thickness, with the core layer equal 100 mm and total exterior dimensions of 1180 mm × 3430 mm. Each sandwich panel was connected with two steel columns made of I140 PE section using three self-drilling fasteners per panel width, which is a standard number of fasteners suggested by the producers. The steel columns were attached to massive reinforced concrete blocks via wedge anchors. The conducted tests revealed that the weakest links of a single sandwich panel, subjected to a blast load, were both the fasteners and the strength of the core. Due to the shear failure of the fasteners, the integrity between the sandwich panel and the main structure is not provided. A comparison between the failure mechanisms for continuous (polyisocyanurate foam and expanded polystyrene) and non-continuous (mineral wool) core layer materials were conducted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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19 pages, 13614 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Investigation on Failure Behavior of Ogive-Nose Projectile Subjected to Impact Loading
by Zhao Li and Xiangzhao Xu
Materials 2020, 13(23), 5372; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13235372 - 26 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical investigations on the failure behaviors of projectile during high-speed impact into concrete slabs were performed in this study. The ogive-nose projectiles after impact experiments were recovered and their microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscope and metallographic microscope. Mass abrasion [...] Read more.
Experimental and theoretical investigations on the failure behaviors of projectile during high-speed impact into concrete slabs were performed in this study. The ogive-nose projectiles after impact experiments were recovered and their microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscope and metallographic microscope. Mass abrasion and nose blunting are the typical failure models of steel projectile. Furthermore, thermal melting and cutting are the two main failure mechanisms. Based on the microscopic experimental results, a theoretical model of ogive-nose projectile subjected to impact loading considering the melting and cutting mechanisms was proposed. A modified cap model is introduced for describing the failure behavior of concrete targets, and then the dynamic cavity expansion theory is used to determine the resistance of projectiles during penetration. Besides, combining with the two-dimensional heat conduction equation and abrasive wear theory, the two main abrasion mechanisms of melting and cutting are included in the proposed model, which breaks through the framework of previous abrasion models with single abrasion mechanism. The predicted results of the present abrasion model are in good agreement with the experimental data, which indicates that the proposed model can effectively predict the failure behavior and penetration performance parameters of high-speed projectiles during penetration into concrete targets, such as mass loss, nose blunting, and depth of penetration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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Review

Jump to: Research

29 pages, 9459 KiB  
Review
Strength Characterization of Soils’ Properties at High Strain Rates Using the Hopkinson Technique—A Review of Experimental Testing
by Kamil Sobczyk, Ryszard Chmielewski, Leopold Kruszka and Ryszard Rekucki
Materials 2022, 15(1), 274; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15010274 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2407
Abstract
The paper presents a review of crucial experiments and the latest publications, presenting the previous and current trends in experimental research in 2018–2021 in the area of soil dynamic interaction based on the Hopkinson bar technique. A review of investigated experimental test stands [...] Read more.
The paper presents a review of crucial experiments and the latest publications, presenting the previous and current trends in experimental research in 2018–2021 in the area of soil dynamic interaction based on the Hopkinson bar technique. A review of investigated experimental test stands was made, in particular, cohesive and non-cohesive soil specimens prepared with different dimensions and densities. From this study, it can be concluded that the dynamic response of the soil depends on many factors, e.g., density, cohesion, moisture and grain structure of the soil specimen. There is still a noticeable interest in SHPB experiments performed in both 1D and 3D versions under modified conditions (frozen/heated soil specimen, different degree of water saturation content of the soil sample) in a wide range of strain rates 102–104 s−1, which is a large field for further research. The need to learn about the characteristics of various types of soil (both cohesive and non-cohesive) for the selection of structural design solutions for the protection elements of critical infrastructure was emphasized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Behavior of Ceramic Composites and Composite Structures)
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