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Dynamics and Application of Modern, Smart and Active Elements or Structures

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Simulation and Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2022) | Viewed by 23678

Special Issue Editor

Department of Applied Mechanics, Lublin University of Technology, 36 Nadbystrzycka St., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: nonlinear dynamics; biomechanics; smart structure; shape memory alloys; cutting process

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue is focused on covering all of the newest outcomes and trends in the nonlinear mechanics of systems and structures with smart, active, and modern materials. The modeling, machining, testing, and controlling of nonlinear dynamical systems is a key point of the Issue. Encouragement to publish valuable papers is addressed to a wide group of scientists and practitioners, working in the field of nonlinear mechanics and biomechanics. Below you will find a short list of the characteristics of the Special Issue.

Modern materials including shape memory alloys, composites, superalloys and smart materials have reached today a significant level of applications in many branches of industry and medicine, e.g., in spaceships, airplanes, bridges, high-performance cars, boats, sports equipment, and medical devices. However, new applications are still being explored. Their exceptional electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties can be used for new unatypical uses. This needs a new approach for to modelling, controlling and analyszing smart structures. Moreover, the machining of new materials brings its own troubles, with self-excited vibrations leading the a process to instability and the final product to possess a low quality.

In the light of the above, any progress in a nonlinear dynamics aspect is of great importance for further expansion in the field of mechanical engineering. Hereby, I would like to encourage any of the researchers working in the field to submit their valuable papers with theoretical, experimental, and numerical findings.

Prof. Dr. Rafal Rusinek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Vibration
  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Shape memory alloy
  • Cutting process
  • Composites
  • Bifurcations
  • Smart materials
  • Biomechanics

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 166 KiB  
Editorial
Dynamics and Application of Modern, Smart, and Active Elements or Structures
by Rafal Rusinek
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8852; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15248852 - 12 Dec 2022
Viewed by 763
Abstract
The Special Issue (SI) “Dynamics and Application of Modern, Smart, and Active Elements or Structures” is focused on covering all of the newest outcomes and trends in the nonlinear mechanics of systems and structures with smart, active, and modern materials [...] Full article

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 8879 KiB  
Article
Non-Destructive Detection of Real Defects in Polymer Composites by Ultrasonic Testing and Recurrence Analysis
by Krzysztof Ciecieląg, Krzysztof Kęcik, Agnieszka Skoczylas, Jakub Matuszak, Izabela Korzec and Radosław Zaleski
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7335; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15207335 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1825
Abstract
This paper presents results of ultrasonic non-destructive testing of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GFRPs). First, ultrasonic C-scan analysis was used to detect real defects inside the composite materials. Next, the composite materials were subjected to drilling in the area [...] Read more.
This paper presents results of ultrasonic non-destructive testing of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GFRPs). First, ultrasonic C-scan analysis was used to detect real defects inside the composite materials. Next, the composite materials were subjected to drilling in the area of defect formation, and measured forces were used to analyse the drilling process using recurrence methods. Results have confirmed that recurrence methods can be used to detect defects formed inside a composite material during machining. Full article
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15 pages, 2253 KiB  
Article
Study on the Actuating Performance of an Embedded Macro Fiber Composite Considering the Shear Lag Effect
by Jianhui Wei, Shuang Gao, Jiarui Zhang and Jianwei Tu
Materials 2022, 15(11), 3968; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15113968 - 02 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Macro fiber composite (MFC), which are new ultrathin piezoelectric smart materials, are mostly applied in the fields of shell structure deformation and vibration control. Among others, the application of embedded MFCs in sandwich structures has received wide attention. Currently, its actuating force formula [...] Read more.
Macro fiber composite (MFC), which are new ultrathin piezoelectric smart materials, are mostly applied in the fields of shell structure deformation and vibration control. Among others, the application of embedded MFCs in sandwich structures has received wide attention. Currently, its actuating force formula is primarily acquired based on the Bernoulli–Euler Model, which does not consider the shear lag effect and actuating force of MFC ends. To study the actuating performance of an MFC in a sandwich structure, according to its action characteristics, the MFC is divided into upper and lower actuating units without any interaction between to two under the condition of plane strain, and the shear lag effect is considered between the units and the top and bottom of the sandwich structure. The actuating force of the MFC ends is obtained by considering its influence on the bending deformation of the sandwich structure, which deduces the actuating force formula of the embedded MFC. In contrast to ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, the distribution of the MFC interior normal stress is similar to the result from ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, and there is a very small deviation between the MFC end and central normal stress and the result from ANSYS piezoelectric simulation. Taking the end deflection of the sandwich structure with an embedded MFC as an example, the actuating force simulation of the MFC considering the shear lag effect is compared with the ANSYS piezoelectric simulation and actuating force simulation based on the Bernoulli–Euler model. The result indicates that the actuating force simulation of the MFC considering the shear lag effect is closer to the ANSYS piezoelectric simulation, which proves the rationality and necessity of considering the shear lag effect and end actuating force of the MFC. Full article
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23 pages, 7878 KiB  
Article
Experimental Analysis of Aerodynamic Loads of Three-Bladed Rotor
by Zofia Szmit, Lukasz Kloda, Marcin Kowalczuk, Grzegorz Stachyra and Jerzy Warmiński
Materials 2022, 15(9), 3335; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15093335 - 06 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1154
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is the experimental analysis of the dynamics and aerodynamic loads of a three-bladed rotor. The experimental tests focus on the rotation with three different angular velocities; for each angular speed, four different preset angles of beam have [...] Read more.
The purpose of the current study is the experimental analysis of the dynamics and aerodynamic loads of a three-bladed rotor. The experimental tests focus on the rotation with three different angular velocities; for each angular speed, four different preset angles of beam have been studied. During the laboratory experiment, strain gauges, as well as high-speed cameras, have been used as the measurement system. The images from the high-speed cameras have been used to obtain aerodynamic loads in the form of polynomials, while the signals from strain gauges mounted on each beam allowed us to observe the synchronization phenomenon between beams. Full article
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22 pages, 3455 KiB  
Article
Axial and Shear Buckling Analysis of Multiscale FGM Carbon Nanotube Plates Using the MTSDT Model: A Numerical Approach
by Ravi Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Małgorzata Szafraniec, Danuta Barnat-Hunek and Joanna Styczeń
Materials 2022, 15(7), 2401; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15072401 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1309
Abstract
The present paper investigates the axial and shear buckling analysis of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced multiscale functionally graded material (FGM) plate. Modified third-order deformation theory (MTSDT) with transverse displacement variation is used. CNT materials are assumed to be uniformly distributed, and ceramic fibers [...] Read more.
The present paper investigates the axial and shear buckling analysis of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced multiscale functionally graded material (FGM) plate. Modified third-order deformation theory (MTSDT) with transverse displacement variation is used. CNT materials are assumed to be uniformly distributed, and ceramic fibers are graded according to a power-law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The effective material properties are obtained using the Halpin–Tsai equation and Voigt rule of the mixture approach. A MATLAB code is developed using nine noded iso-parametric elements containing 13 nodal unknowns at each node. The shear correction factor is eliminated in the present model, and top and bottom transverse shear stresses are imposed null to derive higher-order unknowns. Comparisons of the present results with those available in the literature confirm the accuracy of the existing model. The effects of material components, plate sizes, loading types, and boundary conditions on the critical buckling load are investigated. For the first time, the critical buckling loads of CNT-reinforced multiscale FGM rectangular plates with diverse boundary conditions are given, and they can be used as future references. Full article
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19 pages, 6308 KiB  
Article
Development and Vibration Control of Frequency Adjustable Tuned Mass Damper Based on Magnetorheological Elastomer
by Jiarui Zhang, Yaoyang Zhu, Jianwei Tu, Zhao Li and Qiankun Wang
Materials 2022, 15(5), 1829; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15051829 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1869
Abstract
Tuned mass dampers (TMD) have been widely used in passive vibration control, but their main disadvantage is that the vibration reduction effect may be greatly affected by the natural frequency of the main structure. In order to solve this limitation, we designed a [...] Read more.
Tuned mass dampers (TMD) have been widely used in passive vibration control, but their main disadvantage is that the vibration reduction effect may be greatly affected by the natural frequency of the main structure. In order to solve this limitation, we designed a frequency adjustable tuned mass damper (FATMD) based on a magneto rheological elastomer (MRE), which is a new type of magneto rheological smart material, with adjustable stiffness, obtained by changing the magnetic induction. We used MRE to change the stiffness of FATMD to track the natural frequency of the main structure. However, adding TMD will change the natural frequency of the system. Therefore, we combined Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) and a natural excitation technique (NExT), with Simulink/dSPACE, to identify the natural frequency of the system in real time, and then calculated the natural frequency of the main structure through the TMD optimal design theory. This can help adjust FATMD to its optimum tuning state. To verify the applicability and effectiveness of FATMD, this paper compares the FATMD and traditional TMD experimental results. The natural frequency of steel beams can be changed by adding mass blocks. The experimental results indicate that FATMD, using the frequency tracking method, can effectively track the natural frequency of the main structure to ensure that the system is always in the optimum tuning state. In addition, FATMD can still achieve a good vibration reduction effect when the natural frequency of the main structure changes. Full article
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12 pages, 21356 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Stapes Prosthesis Constraining in the Case of Otosclerosis
by Virginija Gylienė, Valdas Eidukynas, Giedrius Gylys and Shalini Murugesan
Materials 2021, 14(24), 7747; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14247747 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2152
Abstract
In the case of otosclerosis, it has been noticed that even though there are a variety of different prostheses on the market, due to the anatomical characteristics, it is not always possible to restore excellent mobility to the ossicles and the prosthesis. On [...] Read more.
In the case of otosclerosis, it has been noticed that even though there are a variety of different prostheses on the market, due to the anatomical characteristics, it is not always possible to restore excellent mobility to the ossicles and the prosthesis. On the one hand, this happens because the incus long process and the prosthesis create difficult angles. On the other hand, incus necrosis is among the most common causes of the loss of stability to the prosthesis and stapedectomy failure. The aim of this research is to suggest an improvement for stapes prosthesis stability and numerically evaluate the impact of the prosthesis constraining to its dynamical behavior. Numerical 3D models of a standard as well as a modified (adjustable angled) stapes prosthesis were created in order to achieve this aim. Consequently, the modal analysis has been performed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the prosthesis, assuming that the piston (thick part) would be made of Teflon, and the thin part, fixated on the incus long process, would be made from titanium alloy. Finally, the numerical analysis has been conducted by changing the boundary conditions in respect of the prosthesis constraining, where the attached stapes prosthesis connects to the ossicular chain. Subsequently, there were two hypotheses raised for the prosthesis loop constraining. The first is that during the surgery, the prosthesis is perfectly crimped with certain looseness. The second is that the prosthesis is outgrown by the tissues over time and thus becomes over-constrained. Then, the analyzed standard stapes prosthesis does not fulfil its functions because of the over-constraining that develops over time. An improvement for the standard stapes prosthesis, i.e., a modified stapes prosthesis (adjustable angled), that has been proposed in this research allows avoidance of the negative effects of the over-constrained standard stapes prosthesis that appear over time. Moreover, the proposed modified prosthesis helps to regain hearing when the angle between the incus long process and prosthesis is unfavorable. Full article
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16 pages, 4442 KiB  
Article
Alternative Methods of the Largest Lyapunov Exponent Estimation with Applications to the Stability Analyses Based on the Dynamical Maps—Introduction to the Method
by Artur Dabrowski, Tomasz Sagan, Volodymyr Denysenko, Marek Balcerzak, Sandra Zarychta and Andrzej Stefanski
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7197; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14237197 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1840
Abstract
Controlling stability of dynamical systems is one of the most important challenges in science and engineering. Hence, there appears to be continuous need to study and develop numerical algorithms of control methods. One of the most frequently applied invariants characterizing systems’ stability are [...] Read more.
Controlling stability of dynamical systems is one of the most important challenges in science and engineering. Hence, there appears to be continuous need to study and develop numerical algorithms of control methods. One of the most frequently applied invariants characterizing systems’ stability are Lyapunov exponents (LE). When information about the stability of a system is demanded, it can be determined based on the value of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). Recently, we have shown that LLE can be estimated from the vector field properties by means of the most basic mathematical operations. The present article introduces new methods of LLE estimation for continuous systems and maps. We have shown that application of our approaches will introduce significant improvement of the efficiency. We have also proved that our approach is simpler and more efficient than commonly applied algorithms. Moreover, as our approach works in the case of dynamical maps, it also enables an easy application of this method in noncontinuous systems. We show comparisons of efficiencies of algorithms based our approach. In the last paragraph, we discuss a possibility of the estimation of LLE from maps and for noncontinuous systems and present results of our initial investigations. Full article
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11 pages, 1806 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Behavior of Aviation Polymer Composites at Various Weight Fractions of Physical Modifier
by Ewelina Kosicka, Marek Borowiec, Marcin Kowalczuk and Aneta Krzyzak
Materials 2021, 14(22), 6897; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226897 - 15 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1363
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a selected physical modifier with different granularity and mass percentage on the dynamics of aerospace polymer composites. The tests were carried out on samples made of certified aerospace materials used, among other [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a selected physical modifier with different granularity and mass percentage on the dynamics of aerospace polymer composites. The tests were carried out on samples made of certified aerospace materials used, among other purposes, for the manufacture of aircraft skin components. The hybrid composites were prepared from L285 resin, H286 hardener, GG 280T carbon fabric in twill 2/2 and alumina (Al2O3, designated as EA in this work). The manufactured composites contained alumina with grain sizes of F220, F240, F280, F320 and F360. The mass proportion of the modifier in the tested samples was 5% and 15%. The tested specimens, as cantilever beams fixed unilaterally, were subjected to kinematic excitation with defined parameters of amplitude and frequency excitation in the basic resonance zone of the structure. The results, obtained as dynamic responses, are presented in the form of amplitude–frequency characteristics. These relationships clearly indicate the variable nature of composite materials due to modifier density and grain size. The novelty of this study is the investigation of the influence of the alumina properties on system dynamics responses. Full article
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14 pages, 32387 KiB  
Article
Impact Resistance Analysis and Optimization of Variant Truss Beam Structure Based on Material Properties
by Xiaohao Li, Junqi Pan and Xingchen Zhou
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5847; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14195847 - 06 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1329
Abstract
In order to meet the increasing application requirements with regards to structural impact resistance in industries such as mining, construction, aerospace engineering, and disaster relief and mitigation, this paper designs a variant truss beam structure with a large shrinkage ratio and high impact [...] Read more.
In order to meet the increasing application requirements with regards to structural impact resistance in industries such as mining, construction, aerospace engineering, and disaster relief and mitigation, this paper designs a variant truss beam structure with a large shrinkage ratio and high impact resistance. Based on the principle of the curved trajectory of scissor mechanisms, this paper conducts a finite element simulation analysis of the impact load on the truss beam structure, a theoretical analysis of the impact response and a relevant prototype bench-top experiment, completing a full study on the impact resistance mechanism of the designed variant truss beam structure under the impact load. In the paper, the buffer effect of the external load impact on the variant truss beam structure is analyzed from the perspective of the energy change of elastic–plastic deformation. This paper proposes an optimization strategy for the variant truss beam structure with the energy absorption rate as the optimization index through extensive analysis of the parameter response surfaces. The strategy integrates analyses on the response characteristic analysis of various configuration materials to obtain an optimal combination of component parameters that ensures that the strength of the truss beam structure meets set requirements. The strategy provides a feasible method with which to verify the effectiveness and impact resistance of a variant truss structure design. Full article
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15 pages, 2858 KiB  
Article
Ceramic-Based Piezoelectric Material for Energy Harvesting Using Hybrid Excitation
by Bartłomiej Ambrożkiewicz, Zbigniew Czyż, Paweł Karpiński, Paweł Stączek, Grzegorz Litak and Łukasz Grabowski
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5816; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14195816 - 05 Oct 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2015
Abstract
This paper analyzes the energy efficiency of a Micro Fiber Composite (MFC) piezoelectric system. It is based on a smart Lead Zirconate Titanate material that consists of a monolithic PZT (piezoelectric ceramic) wafer, which is a ceramic-based piezoelectric material. An experimental test rig [...] Read more.
This paper analyzes the energy efficiency of a Micro Fiber Composite (MFC) piezoelectric system. It is based on a smart Lead Zirconate Titanate material that consists of a monolithic PZT (piezoelectric ceramic) wafer, which is a ceramic-based piezoelectric material. An experimental test rig consisting of a wind tunnel and a developed measurement system was used to conduct the experiment. The developed test rig allowed changing the air velocity around the tested bluff body and the frequency of forced vibrations as well as recording the output voltage signal and linear acceleration of the tested object. The mechanical vibrations and the air flow were used to find the optimal performance of the piezoelectric energy harvesting system. The performance of the proposed piezoelectric wind energy harvester was tested for the same design, but of different masses. The geometry of the hybrid bluff body is a combination of cuboid and cylindrical shapes. The results of testing five bluff bodies for a range of wind tunnel air flow velocities from 4 to 15 m/s with additional vibration excitation frequencies from 0 to 10 Hz are presented. The conducted tests revealed the areas of the highest voltage output under specific excitation conditions that enable supplying low-power sensors with harvested energy. Full article
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13 pages, 8762 KiB  
Article
Polyharmonic Vibrations of Human Middle Ear Implanted by Means of Nonlinear Coupler
by Rafal Rusinek, Joanna Rekas, Katarzyna Wojtowicz and Robert Zablotni
Materials 2021, 14(18), 5121; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14185121 - 07 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1241
Abstract
This paper presents a possibility of quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations in the human middle ear stimulated by an implant, which is fixed to the incus by means of a nonlinear coupler. The coupler represents a classical element made of titanium and shape memory [...] Read more.
This paper presents a possibility of quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations in the human middle ear stimulated by an implant, which is fixed to the incus by means of a nonlinear coupler. The coupler represents a classical element made of titanium and shape memory alloy. A five-degrees-of-freedom model of lumped masses is used to represent the implanted middle ear for both normal and pathological ears. The model is engaged to numerically find the influence of the nonlinear coupler on stapes and implant dynamics. As a result, regions of parameters regarding the quasi-periodic, polyharmonic and irregular motion are identified as new contributions in ear bio-mechanics. The nonlinear coupler causes irregular motion, which is undesired for the middle ear. However, the use of the stiff coupler also ensures regular vibrations of the stapes for higher frequencies. As a consequence, the utility of the nonlinear coupler is proven. Full article
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17 pages, 7595 KiB  
Article
Influence of Tool Holder Types on Vibration in Rough Milling of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
by Ireneusz Zagórski, Jarosław Korpysa and Andrzej Weremczuk
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2517; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102517 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1776
Abstract
The article presents the results of an analysis of the influence of the technological parameters related to tool holder types on the vibrations occurring during the milling of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloys are very low-density materials and, therefore, are increasingly being considered [...] Read more.
The article presents the results of an analysis of the influence of the technological parameters related to tool holder types on the vibrations occurring during the milling of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloys are very low-density materials and, therefore, are increasingly being considered as replacement materials for the more commonly used aluminium alloys. The tool used in the study was a carbide end mill with TiAlN coating, clamped in three different types of tool holder: ER collet, heat shrink, and Tendo E hydraulic. The milling tests used straight toolpaths at varied cutting speeds and feed per tooth values. Based on the vibration displacement and acceleration signals recorded during the machining tests, the following were analysed: maximum value, amplitude, and root mean square (RMS) value of the vibrations. As part of the study, composite multiscale entropy (CMSE) analysis was also performed, describing the level of disorderliness of the obtained vibration signals. The increase in machining parameters caused an increase in the values characterising the displacement and acceleration of the vibrations. It was noted that multiscale entropy might be an important parameter describing the vibration signal (both displacement and acceleration). Full article
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26 pages, 6522 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Response of Angle Ply Laminates with Uncertainties Using MARS, ANN-PSO, GPR and ANFIS
by Bharat Bhushan Mishra, Ajay Kumar, Jacek Zaburko, Barbara Sadowska-Buraczewska and Danuta Barnat-Hunek
Materials 2021, 14(2), 395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14020395 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2188
Abstract
In the present work, for the first time, free vibration response of angle ply laminates with uncertainties is attempted using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), Artificial Neural Network-Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The [...] Read more.
In the present work, for the first time, free vibration response of angle ply laminates with uncertainties is attempted using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), Artificial Neural Network-Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The present approach employed 2D C0 stochastic finite element (FE) model based on the Third Order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) in conjunction with MARS, ANN-PSO, GPR, and ANFIS. The TSDT model used eliminates the requirement of shear correction factor owing to the consideration of the actual parabolic distribution of transverse shear stress. Zero transverse shear stress at the top and bottom of the plate is enforced to compute higher-order unknowns. C0 FE model makes it commercially viable. Stochastic FE analysis done with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) FORTRAN inhouse code, selection of design points using a random variable framework, and soft computing with MARS, ANN-PSO, GPR, and ANFIS is implemented using MATLAB in-house code. Following the random variable frame, design points were selected from the input data generated through Monte Carlo Simulation. A total of four-mode shapes are analyzed in the present study. The comparison study was done to compare present work with results in the literature and they were found in good agreement. The stochastic parameters are Young’s elastic modulus, shear modulus, and the Poisson ratio. Lognormal distribution of properties is assumed in the present work. The current soft computation models shrink the number of trials and were found computationally efficient as the MCS-based FE modelling. The paper presents a comparison of MARS, ANN-PSO, GPR, and ANFIS algorithm performance with the stochastic FE model based on TSDT. Full article
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