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Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization and Applications (Second Volume)

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2023) | Viewed by 7201

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rolando Pedicini

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Guest Editor

National Research Council, Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies “Nicola Giordano” (CNR‐ITAE), Via Santa Lucia Sopra Contesse, 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Interests: polymer functionalization; composite materials; metal alloy and carbon porous materials development; morphological and structural characterization (SEM-EDX, BET, and XRD); volumetric and gravimetric measurements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. VItaliano Chiodo

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Guest Editor

CNR-Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l′Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Interests: biofuels; alternative fuels; bioenergy; biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen is a green energy vector that is considered to be one of the most promising fuels for the future. One of the devices that uses hydrogen as fuel is the fuel cell. Through this electrochemical system, it is possible to produce clean electricity in which the waste product is steam water. There are different types of fuel cells, but in this Special Issue we will only consider devices that operate at low temperatures and that use hydrogen as fuel. Among these, we will consider the H₂-polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, and alkaline fuel cells, devices.

The hydrogen storage issue is critical to the growth of hydrogen fuel cells for both stationary and mobile applications. Three types of techniques can be used for hydrogen storage: compressed, liquid, and stored in a solid material. In “Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, and Applications”, we will focus our attention on the latter method, considering all kind of materials such as metal hydrides, chemical hydrides, carbon materials, the metallic organic framework, and composite materials. Moreover, there will be particular attention paid to engineering and problems related to the integration of H₂ storage systems and fuel cell devices. Attention will also be paid to the commercial aspect and the development of the individual and/or integrated H₂ storage system/fuel cell.

This Special Issue of Materials will cover but will not be limited to the following topics:

Hydrogen storage;
Hydrogen storage review;
Metal hydrides;
Chemical hydrides;
High surface area adsorbents;
Fuel cells;
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC);
Alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFC);
Hydrogen storage systems and fuel cells interaction: engineering aspects;
Near-term markets.

Dr. Rolando Pedicini
Dr. Vitaliano Chiodo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

hydrogen storage
hydrogen storage review
metal hydrides
chemical hydrides
high surface area adsorbents
fuel cells
polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFC)
hydrogen storage systems and fuel cells interaction: engineering aspects
near-term markets

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Glass–Zirconia Composites as Seals for Solid Oxide Cells: Preparation, Properties, and Stability over Repeated Thermal Cycles

by Magdalena Kosiorek, Agnieszka Żurawska, Leszek Ajdys, Anna Kolasa, Yevgeniy Naumovich, Paulina Wiecińska, Aleksey Yaremchenko and Jakub Kupecki

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1634; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16041634 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1769

Abstract

This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of composite gaskets designed for the sealing of the solid oxide cell stacks operating below 700 °C. The seals were fabricated with the addition of various amounts (10–90 wt.%) of 3 mol.% yttria partially stabilized zirconia to a BaO-Al₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂ glass matrix. The sample gaskets in the form of thin frames were shaped by tape casting. The quality of the junctions between the composites and Crofer 22APU steel commonly used as an SOC interconnect was evaluated after thermal treatment of heating to 710 °C, then cooling to the working temperature of around 620 °C and then leaving them for 10h in an air atmosphere, before cooling to room temperature. The samples were also studied after 3, 5, and 10 thermal cycles to determine the changes in microstructure and to evaluate the porosity and possible crystallization of the glass phase. The compression of the seals was calculated on the basis of differences in thickness before and after thermal treatment. The influence of zirconia additions on the mechanical properties of the seals was studied. The experimental results confirmed that glass–ceramic composites are promising materials for gaskets in SOC stacks. The most beneficial properties were obtained for a composite containing 40 wt.% of YSZ. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization and Applications (Second Volume))

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25 pages, 6216 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electrocatalytic Properties of Mixed-Oxide-Containing Composite-Supported Platinum for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

by Ilgar Ayyubov, Emília Tálas, Khirdakhanim Salmanzade, Andrei Kuncser, Zoltán Pászti, Ștefan Neațu, Anca G. Mirea, Mihaela Florea, András Tompos and Irina Borbáth

Materials 2022, 15(10), 3671; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15103671 - 20 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1947

Abstract

TiO₂-based mixed oxide–carbon composite supports have been suggested to provide enhanced stability for platinum (Pt) electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The addition of molybdenum (Mo) to the mixed oxide is known to increase the CO tolerance of the electrocatalyst. In this work Pt catalysts, supported on Ti_1−xMo_xO₂–C composites with a 25/75 oxide/carbon mass ratio and prepared from different carbon materials (C: Vulcan XC-72, unmodified and functionalized Black Pearls 2000), were compared in the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a commercial Pt/C reference catalyst in order to assess the influence of the support on the electrocatalytic behavior. Our aim was to perform electrochemical studies in preparation for fuel cell tests. The ORR kinetic parameters from the Koutecky–Levich plot suggested a four-electron transfer per oxygen molecule, resulting in H₂O. The similarity between the Tafel slopes suggested the same reaction mechanism for electrocatalysts supported by these composites. The HOR activity of the composite-supported electrocatalysts was independent of the type of carbonaceous material. A noticeable difference in the stability of the catalysts appeared only after 5000 polarization cycles; the Black Pearl-containing sample showed the highest stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization and Applications (Second Volume))

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Review

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23 pages, 5258 KiB

Open AccessReview

Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells—A Concise Review

by Hari Gopi Kuppusamy, Prabhakaran Dhanasekaran, Niluroutu Nagaraju, Maniprakundil Neeshma, Baskaran Mohan Dass, Vishal M. Dhavale, Sreekuttan M. Unni and Santoshkumar D. Bhat

Materials 2022, 15(16), 5601; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15165601 - 15 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2716

Abstract

Solid anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolytes are an essential commodity considering their importance as separators in alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFC). Mechanical and thermal stability are distinguished by polymer matrix characteristics, whereas anion exchange capacity, transport number, and conductivities are governed by the anionic group. The physico-chemical stability is regulated mostly by the polymer matrix and, to a lesser extent, the cationic head framework. The quaternary ammonium (QA), phosphonium, guanidinium, benzimidazolium, pyrrolidinium, and spirocyclic cation-based AEMs are widely studied in the literature. In addition, ion solvating blends, hybrids, and interpenetrating networks still hold prominence in terms of membrane stability. To realize and enhance the performance of an alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cell (APEFC), it is also necessary to understand the transport processes for the hydroxyl (OH⁻) ion in anion exchange membranes. In the present review, the radiation grafting of the monomer and chemical modification to introduce cationic charges/moiety are emphasized. In follow-up, the recent advances in the synthesis of anion exchange membranes from poly(phenylene oxide) via chloromethylation and quaternization, and from aliphatic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan via direct quaternization are highlighted. Overall, this review concisely provides an in-depth analysis of recent advances in anion exchange membrane (AEM) and its viability in APEFC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization and Applications (Second Volume))

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