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Innovative Restoration Dentistry Materials
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Innovative Restoration Dentistry Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 12102

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paolo Francesco Manicone

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Guest Editor
Department of Head and Neck, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: implantology; prosthetic rehabilitation; damage and failure modes; composite interfaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paolo De Angelis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Head and Neck, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: implantology; periodontology; hard and soft tissue regeneration; oral surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the years, a variety of new digital technologies and restorative materials have been developed and have significantly changed the clinical approach to dentistry. Innovative operative workflows and new materials tailored toward digital manufacturing have paved the way to a significant active boost, increasing the efficiency of rehabilitation treatments, offering optimal mechanical, biological, and esthetical properties as well as improving patient-related outcomes. As a result, digital workflows can be applied to different fields of applications, widening the clinical scenario and allowing for innovative and less invasive restorative solutions. The range of technologies (scanners, milling machines, and 3D printers, as well as CAD and CAM software programs) applied to dentistry have changed our ways of living and working, modifying the diagnostic phase, the planning phase, as well as the operative phase. This innovations have also changed the clinical strategies for rehabilitating edentulous or partially edentulous patients on dental implants, widening the treatment solutions and allowing the clinician to customize the therapy based on the patients’ clinical condition and preference. However, the rapid growth of new technologies, materials, and workflows has led to insufficient scientific evidence and clinical indications.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide information with updated findings about the latest developments in the field of digital workflows and restorative materials. It is our pleasure to invite you to submit research papers (both in vivo and in vitro), short communications, or systematic reviews related to the topics of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Paolo Francesco Manicone
Dr. Paolo De Angelis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digital dentistry
  • restorative materials
  • CAD/CAM dental materials
  • biomechanical properties
  • in vitro analysis
  • in vivo analysis
  • aesthetic restorative materials
  • implant dentistry

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2865 KiB  
Article
Bioactive Carbonate Apatite Cement with Enhanced Compressive Strength via Incorporation of Silica Calcium Phosphate Composites and Calcium Hydroxide
by Arief Cahyanto, Michella Liemidia, Elin Karlina, Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria, Khairul Anuar Shariff, Cortino Sukotjo and Ahmed El-Ghannam
Materials 2023, 16(5), 2071; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16052071 - 03 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1310
Abstract
Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) is a bioceramic material with excellent properties for bone and dentin regeneration. To enhance its mechanical strength and bioactivity, silica calcium phosphate composites (Si-CaP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) were added to CO3Ap cement. The [...] Read more.
Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) is a bioceramic material with excellent properties for bone and dentin regeneration. To enhance its mechanical strength and bioactivity, silica calcium phosphate composites (Si-CaP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) were added to CO3Ap cement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Si-CaP and Ca(OH)2 on the mechanical properties in terms of the compressive strength and biological characteristics of CO3Ap cement, specifically the formation of an apatite layer and the exchange of Ca, P, and Si elements. Five groups were prepared by mixing CO3Ap powder consisting of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and vaterite powder added by varying ratios of Si-CaP and Ca(OH)2 and 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4 as a liquid. All groups underwent compressive strength testing, and the group with the highest strength was evaluated for bioactivity by soaking it in simulated body fluid (SBF) for one, seven, 14, and 21 days. The group that added 3% Si-CaP and 7% Ca(OH)2 had the highest compressive strength among the groups. SEM analysis revealed the formation of needle-like apatite crystals from the first day of SBF soaking, and EDS analysis indicated an increase in Ca, P, and Si elements. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of apatite. This combination of additives improved the compressive strength and showed the good bioactivity performance of CO3Ap cement, making it a potential biomaterial for bone and dental engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Restoration Dentistry Materials)
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13 pages, 1717 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Smoking and Brushing on the Color Stability and Stainability of Different CAD/CAM Restorative Materials
by Stuart Schelkopf, Caroline Dini, Thamara Beline, Alvin G. Wee, Valentim A. R. Barão, Cortino Sukotjo and Judy Chia-Chun Yuan
Materials 2022, 15(19), 6901; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15196901 - 05 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1432
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and compare the color stability and stainability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorative materials in their glazed (G) and polished (P) state when exposed to cigarette smoke, as well as after brushing. Three CAD/CAM restorative materials were investigated: [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate and compare the color stability and stainability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorative materials in their glazed (G) and polished (P) state when exposed to cigarette smoke, as well as after brushing. Three CAD/CAM restorative materials were investigated: lithium disilicate CAD (LD), zirconia (Zr), and Telio PMMA CAD (PMMA), according to their surface finishing and assignment to cigarette smoking exposure or soaking in the saliva (control) group. The color change (∆E) was calculated before and after the intervention performed for all specimens, using the L*a*b values to quantitatively assess the shade differences. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis (α = 0.05). The surface finishing did not influence the materials’ stainability. Color change was noted after smoking, LD and Zr-G and Zr-P had a comparable color change (p > 0.05), while PMMA presented lower ∆E values (p < 0.05). After brushing, all specimens had a significant color change that was high for LD-G and LD-P, and Zr-G, compared with Zr-P and PMMA (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the exposure to cigarette smoke showed that LD, Zr, and PMMA are all susceptible to staining, but brushing decreases surface staining. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Restoration Dentistry Materials)
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15 pages, 3763 KiB  
Article
The Characterization of Titanium Particles Released from Bone-Level Titanium Dental Implants: Effect of the Size of Particles on the Ion Release and Cytotoxicity Behaviour
by Juan Antonio Callejas, Aritza Brizuela, Blanca Ríos-Carrasco and Javier Gil
Materials 2022, 15(10), 3636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103636 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1470
Abstract
Many studies are being carried out on the particles released during the implantoplasty process in the machining of dental implants to remove bacterial biofilms. However, there are no studies on the release of particles produced by the insertion of bone-level dental implants due [...] Read more.
Many studies are being carried out on the particles released during the implantoplasty process in the machining of dental implants to remove bacterial biofilms. However, there are no studies on the release of particles produced by the insertion of bone-level dental implants due to the high compressive frictional loads between the rough titanium implant and the bone tissue. This paper aims to characterize the released particles and determine the release of titanium ions into the physiological environment and their cytocompatibility. For this purpose, 90 dental implants with a neck diameter of 4 mm and a torque of 22 Ncm were placed in 7 fresh cow ribs. The placement was carried out according to the established protocols. The implants had a roughness Ra of 1.92 μm. The arrangement of the particles in the bone tissue was studied by micro-CT, and no particle clusters were observed. The different granulometries of 5, 15, and 30 μm were obtained; the specific surface area was determined by laser diffraction; the topography was determined by scanning electron microcopy; and the particles were chemically analysed by X-ray energy microanalysis. The residual stresses of the particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction using the Bragg-Bentano configuration. The release of titanium ions to the physiological medium was performed using ICP-MS at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. The cytocompatibility of the particles with HFF-1 fibroblast and SAOS-2 osteoblast cultures was characterized. The results showed that the lowest specific surface area (0.2109 m2/g) corresponds to the particles larger than 30 μm being higher than 0.4969 and 0.4802 m2/g of those that are 5 and 15 μm, respectively, observing in all cases that the particles have irregular morphologies without contamination of the drills used in the surgery. The highest residual stresses were found for the small particles, −395 MPa for the 5 μm particles, and −369 for the 15 μm particles, and the lowest residual stresses were found for the 30 μm particles with values of −267 MPa. In all cases, the residual stresses were compressive. The lowest ion release was for the 30 μm samples, as they have the lowest specific surface area. Cytocompatibility studies showed that the particles are cytocompatible, but it is the smallest ones that are lower and very close to the 70% survival limit in both fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Restoration Dentistry Materials)
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12 pages, 1314 KiB  
Article
Mapping Bone Marrow Cell Response from Senile Female Rats on Ca-P-Doped Titanium Coating
by Leonardo P. Faverani, William P. P. Silva, Cecília Alves de Sousa, Gileade Freitas, Ana Paula F. Bassi, Jamil A. Shibli, Valentim A. R. Barão, Adalberto L. Rosa, Cortino Sukotjo and Wirley G. Assunção
Materials 2022, 15(3), 1094; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15031094 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
Chemical and topographical surface modifications on dental implants aim to increase the bone surface contact area of the implant and improve osseointegration. This study analyzed the cellular response of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), derived from senile rats’ femoral bone marrow, when cultured [...] Read more.
Chemical and topographical surface modifications on dental implants aim to increase the bone surface contact area of the implant and improve osseointegration. This study analyzed the cellular response of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), derived from senile rats’ femoral bone marrow, when cultured on a bioactive coating (by plasma electrolytic oxidation, PEO, with Ca2+ and P5+ ions), a sandblasting followed by acid-etching (SLA) surface, and a machined surface (MSU). A total of 102 Ti-6Al-4V discs were divided into three groups (n = 34). The surface chemistry was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Cell viability assay, gene expression of osteoblastic markers, and mineralized matrix formation were investigated. The cell growth and viability results were higher for PEO vs. MSU surface (p = 0.001). An increase in cell proliferation from 3 to 7 days (p < 0.05) and from 7 to 10 days (p < 0.05) was noted for PEO and SLA surfaces. Gene expression for OSX, ALP, BSP, and OPN showed a statistical significance (p = 0.001) among groups. In addition, the PEO surface showed a higher mineralized matrix bone formation (p = 0.003). In conclusion, MSC from senile female rats cultured on SLA and PEO surfaces showed similar cellular responses and should be considered for future clinical investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Restoration Dentistry Materials)
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11 pages, 6518 KiB  
Article
The Application of Angulated Screw-Channels in Metal-Free, Implant-Supported Restorations: A Retrospective Survival Analysis
by Edoardo Rella, Paolo De Angelis, Giovanni Damis, Antonio D’Addona and Paolo Francesco Manicone
Materials 2021, 14(22), 7006; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14227006 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
Angulated screw channels (ASC) allow the clinician to reposition the access hole of screw-retained restorations, improving the design of the rehabilitation and the esthetic outcome. Few clinical studies are available on the efficacy of these restorations, especially at longer follow-ups and with a [...] Read more.
Angulated screw channels (ASC) allow the clinician to reposition the access hole of screw-retained restorations, improving the design of the rehabilitation and the esthetic outcome. Few clinical studies are available on the efficacy of these restorations, especially at longer follow-ups and with a large number of subjects. The objective of this study was therefore to retrospectively evaluate patients rehabilitated with screw-retained restorations using ASC. The time of delivery and their adherence to the maintenance program was obtained, as well as the characteristics of the restoration and of the patient’s occlusion; a Kaplan–Meier survival curve was then built to investigate the success rate of these restorations and the effects of several variables were evaluated with a Cox model. A total of 105 subjects and 162 implants were enrolled in this study; after 42 months a success rate (92%) similar to what is reported for conventional screw-retained restorations was encountered. Monolithic zirconia restorations (n = 52) had a higher success rate (95%) when compared to partially veneered restorations (n = 53), which suffered a higher number of complications (90%). The other variables had no statistically significant effect. Implant supported prostheses adopting ASC provide a favorable outcome both in the posterior and anterior regions and can therefore be adopted to treat cases where the implant angulation is unfavorable for a conventional screw-retained prosthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Restoration Dentistry Materials)
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Review

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32 pages, 6712 KiB  
Review
Bioactive Inorganic Materials for Dental Applications: A Narrative Review
by Khalid S. Almulhim, Mariam Raza Syed, Norah Alqahtani, Marwah Alamoudi, Maria Khan, Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed and Abdul Samad Khan
Materials 2022, 15(19), 6864; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15196864 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3167
Abstract
Over time, much attention has been given to the use of bioceramics for biomedical applications; however, the recent trend has been gaining traction to apply these materials for dental restorations. The bioceramics (mainly bioactive) are exceptionally biocompatible and possess excellent bioactive and biological [...] Read more.
Over time, much attention has been given to the use of bioceramics for biomedical applications; however, the recent trend has been gaining traction to apply these materials for dental restorations. The bioceramics (mainly bioactive) are exceptionally biocompatible and possess excellent bioactive and biological properties due to their similar chemical composition to human hard tissues. However, concern has been noticed related to their mechanical properties. All dental materials based on bioactive materials must be biocompatible, long-lasting, mechanically strong enough to bear the masticatory and functional load, wear-resistant, easily manipulated, and implanted. This review article presents the basic structure, properties, and dental applications of different bioactive materials i.e., amorphous calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, tri-calcium phosphate, mono-calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, and bioactive glass. The advantageous properties and limitations of these materials are also discussed. In the end, future directions and proposals are given to improve the physical and mechanical properties of bioactive materials-based dental materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Restoration Dentistry Materials)
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