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New Implant Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 12427

Special Issue Editor

Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
Interests: bone and dental tissue regeneration; osseointegration; dental implant macro and micro-design; biomaterials; digital dentistry; angiogenesis; oral cancer pathogenesis; hard and soft tissue development

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Nowadays, dental implantology describes the ordinary process to rehabilitate partial or full edentulism of the human jaw with a high success rate.  However, the challenge for clinicians is oriented towards reducing the time of clinical rehabilitation.

Several studies were produced to understand the crucial factors of the biological process of the osseointegration. Different materials and bio-materials were produced to obtain these clinical purposes and to overcome present limitations.

The modern research strategies in the biomaterials field and innovative biomedical technology are today focused toward biomaterials which provide immediate or long term activity, as well as controlled properties which release one or more active principles capable of playing a critical role in human bone and soft tissue healing and regeneration.

Everyday, all over the world, scientists and companies compete to study minimally invasive procedures, to increase patient compliance, and to produce innovative materials and bio-materials to achieve a single purpose: patient satisfaction.

Innovative digital software and procedures, new metal alloys and bio-ceramics, innovative devices, polymers and nanoparticles, hybrid composites, novel macro- and micro-design materials, new drugs, innovative equipments for diagnosis and clinical applications, innovative chemicals or physical substances that promote or improve bone and soft tissue response in physiological and pathological conditions towards implants or prosthesies are to be considered welcome topics for the Special Issue in order to show experimental research results in vitro and in vivo on animal and human model, as well as literature reviews and meta-analysis.

In this perspective, this Special Issue of Materials will collect original high-quality papers of the most recent and advanced research.

All medical specializations are invited to contribute to this collection to provide crucial improvements in the knowledge of novel biomaterials, drugs, and technology for implantology and medicine.

Prof. Dr. Filiberto Mastrangelo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Materials and bio-materials
  • Biomaterials–tissue interface
  • Clinical application of biomaterials
  • Surface macro and micro-design
  • Surface interaction
  • Surface nano-topography
  • Biocompatibility
  • Bone and soft tissue repair
  • Bone and soft tissue regeneration
  • Clinical studies

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 200 KiB  
Editorial
New Implant Materials
by Filiberto Mastrangelo
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4525; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16134525 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 557
Abstract
In the last forty years, dental implantology has become a widespread worldwide clinical practice in medicine, able to rehabilitate partial or full human edentulism of the jaw and highly successful over the long term [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Implant Materials)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

10 pages, 2409 KiB  
Article
Biomechanical Behavior of Narrow Dental Implants Made with Aluminum- and Vanadium-Free Alloys: A Finite Element Analysis
by José Manuel Zapata, Eduardo Leal, Renato Hunter, Raphael Freitas de Souza and Eduardo Borie
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8903; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15248903 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1330
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) alloys used for narrow dental implants usually contain aluminum (Al) and vanadium (V) for improved resistance. However, those elements are linked to possible cytotoxic effects. Thus, this study evaluated the biomechanical behavior of narrow dental implants made with Al- and V-free [...] Read more.
Titanium (Ti) alloys used for narrow dental implants usually contain aluminum (Al) and vanadium (V) for improved resistance. However, those elements are linked to possible cytotoxic effects. Thus, this study evaluated the biomechanical behavior of narrow dental implants made with Al- and V-free Ti alloys by the finite element method. A virtual model of a partially edentulous maxilla received single implants (diameter: 2.7 and 2.9 mm; length: 10 mm) at the upper lateral incisor area, with respective abutments and porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. Simulations were performed for each implant diameter and the following eight alloys (and elastic moduli): (1) Ti–6Al–4V (control; 110 GPa), (2) Ti–35Nb–5Sn–6Mo–3Zr (85 GPa), (3) Ti–13Nb–13Zr (77 GPa), (4) Ti–15Zr (113 GPa), (5) Ti–8Fe–5Ta (120 GPa), (6) Ti–26.88Fe–4Ta (175 GPa), (7) TNTZ–2Fe–0.4O (107 GPa), and (8) TNTZ–2Fe–0.7O (109 GPa). The implants received a labially directed total static load of 100 N at a 45° angle relative to their long axis. Parameters for analysis included the maximum and minimum principal stresses for bone, and von Mises equivalent stress for implants and abutments. Ti–26.88Fe–4Ta reaches the lowest maximum (57 MPa) and minimum (125 MPa) principal stress values, whereas Ti–35Nb–5Sn–6Mo–3Zr (183 MPa) and Ti–13Nb–13Zr (191 MPa) models result in the highest principal stresses (the 2.7 mm model surpasses the threshold for bone overload). Implant diameters affect von Mises stresses more than the constituent alloys. It can be concluded that the narrow implants made of the Ti–26.88Fe–4Ta alloy have the most favorable biomechanical behavior, mostly by mitigating stress on peri-implant bone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Implant Materials)
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18 pages, 6328 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Sintering Technology and Milling Technology on Fitting Titanium Crowns to Abutment Teeth—In Vitro Studies
by Wojciech Ryniewicz, Łukasz Bojko and Anna M. Ryniewicz
Materials 2022, 15(17), 5835; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15175835 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1824
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) crowns using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method and CAD/CAM milling. Materials and Methods: The research materials are abutment teeth and prosthetic crowns. The method [...] Read more.
Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) crowns using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method and CAD/CAM milling. Materials and Methods: The research materials are abutment teeth and prosthetic crowns. The method is based on scanning the abutments and the interior of the substructures, creating their 3D models, using the program for comparison, and determining error maps of fitting crowns to the reference models, in the form of positive and negative deviations. Adding the deviations gives information about the tightness of the crowns. The Shapiro–Wilk test and the one-way ANOVA analysis were performed. The level of significance was p = 0.05. Results: The crowns made in SLM, a slightly better internal fit was found than for milled crowns, as well as a comparable marginal fit. The mean deviations for the sintering were the values [mm]: −0.039 and +0.107 for tooth 15 and −0.033 and +0.091 for tooth 36, and for the milling –0.048 and +0.110 for tooth 15 and –0.038 and +0.096 and for tooth 36. Conclusion: Based on the research conducted and the experience in therapeutic procedures, it can be indicated that the fitting of titanium alloy crowns in SLM and milling meets the clinical requirements. To evaluate the technology, a method was developed that determines the accuracy of mapping the shape of the tooth abutments in the crown substructures for the individual conditions of the patient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Implant Materials)
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10 pages, 2247 KiB  
Article
Autogenous Dentin Particulate Graft for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation with and without Use of Collagen Membrane: Preliminary Histological Analysis on Humans
by Elio Minetti, Francesco Gianfreda, Andrea Palermo and Patrizio Bollero
Materials 2022, 15(12), 4319; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15124319 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1422
Abstract
(1) Background: The phenomenon of ankylosis of the dental elements has led clinicians to think that properly treated dentin and cement may be a potential graft for alveolar ridge augmentation. Currently, there are no studies in the literature able to histomorphometrically compare the [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The phenomenon of ankylosis of the dental elements has led clinicians to think that properly treated dentin and cement may be a potential graft for alveolar ridge augmentation. Currently, there are no studies in the literature able to histomorphometrically compare the healing patterns of an autogenous dentin particulate graft with the association, or not, of resorbable membranes. The aim of this pilot study is to histologically compare bone after an alveolar ridge augmentation using an autogenous dentin particulate graft with and without a resorbable collagen membrane. (2) Methods: this clinical trial enrolled six patients with defects requiring bone augmentation. Two procedures were performed in all six adult human patients in order to perform a study–control study: in Group 1, a ridge augmentation procedure with an autogenous dentin particulate graft and a resorbable collagen membrane was performed, and, in Group 2, an alveolar ridge preservation without a membrane was performed at the same time (T0). At 4 months, a biopsy of the bone tissues was performed using a 4 mm trephine bur in order to perform a histomorphometric analysis. (3) Results: The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that Group 1 presented 45% of bone volume, 38% of vital bone, and 7% of residual graft. On the contrary, membrane-free regenerative procedures demonstrated 37% of bone volume, 9% of vital bone, and 27% of non-resorbed graft. In all cases, the regenerated bone allowed the insertion of implants with a standard platform, and no early failures were recorded. (4) Conclusions: Autogenous dentin particulate grafts seem to work best when paired with a membrane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Implant Materials)
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13 pages, 6033 KiB  
Article
Total Knee Replacement with an Uncemented Porous Tantalum Tibia Component: A Failure Analysis
by Samo K. Fokter, Nenad Gubeljak, Esther Punzón-Quijorna, Primož Pelicon, Mitja Kelemen, Primož Vavpetič, Jožef Predan, Luka Ferlič and Igor Novak
Materials 2022, 15(7), 2575; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15072575 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2143
Abstract
Porous tantalum has been extensively used in orthopaedic surgery, including uncemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Favourable results were reported with earlier monobloc tibial components and the design evolved to modular implants. We aimed to analyse possible causes for extensive medial tibia bone loss, [...] Read more.
Porous tantalum has been extensively used in orthopaedic surgery, including uncemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Favourable results were reported with earlier monobloc tibial components and the design evolved to modular implants. We aimed to analyse possible causes for extensive medial tibia bone loss, resulting in modular porous tantalum tibia baseplate fracture after primary TKA. Retrieved tissue samples were scanned with 3 MeV focused proton beam for Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) elemental analysis. Fractographic and microstructural analysis were performed by stereomicroscopy. A full 3D finite-element model was made for numerical analysis of stress–strain conditions of the tibial baseplate. Histological examination of tissue underneath the broken part of the tibial baseplate revealed dark-stained metal debris, which was confirmed by micro-PIXE to consist of tantalum and titanium. Fractographic analysis and tensile testing showed that the failure of the tibial baseplate fulfilled the criteria of a typical fatigue fracture. Microstructural analysis of the contact surface revealed signs of bone ingrowth in 22.5% of the surface only and was even less pronounced in the medial half of the tibial baseplate. Further studies are needed to confirm the responsibility of metal debris for an increased bone absorption leading to catastrophic tibial tray failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Implant Materials)
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13 pages, 2294 KiB  
Article
Implants Survival Rate in Regenerated Sites with Innovative Graft Biomaterials: 1 Year Follow-Up
by Elio Minetti, Martin Celko, Marcello Contessi, Fabrizio Carini, Ugo Gambardella, Edoardo Giacometti, Jesus Santillana, Tomas Beca Campoy, Johannes H. Schmitz, Mauro Libertucci, Henrykim Ho, Simon Haan and Filiberto Mastrangelo
Materials 2021, 14(18), 5292; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14185292 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2185
Abstract
In thirteen different dental clinics in Singapore, Spain, Czech Republic and Italy, 504 patients were selected, and 483 dental implants were placed in maxillary sites after alveolar socket preservation (ASP) procedures with an autologous demineralized tooth extracted as graft material from an innovative [...] Read more.
In thirteen different dental clinics in Singapore, Spain, Czech Republic and Italy, 504 patients were selected, and 483 dental implants were placed in maxillary sites after alveolar socket preservation (ASP) procedures with an autologous demineralized tooth extracted as graft material from an innovative Tooth Transformer device was obtained. All procedures used were reported in n°638 Ethical Committee surgical protocol of University of Chieti and approved. After 4 months, at dental implant placing, bone biopsies were performed to evaluate the histologic outcomes, and 12 months after implant loading, global implant survival rate, failure percentage and peri-implant bone loss were detected. After ASP, only 27 post-operative complications were observed and after 4 months, bone biopsy histomorphometric analysis showed a high percentage of bone volume (BV) 43.58 (±12.09), and vital new bone (NB) 32.38 (±17.15) with an absence of inflammation or necrosis areas. Twelve months after loading, only 10 dental implants failed (2.3%), with a 98.2% overall implant survival rate, nine cases showed mucositis (1.8%) and eight showed peri-implantitis (1.6%). At mesial sites, 0.43 mm (±0.83) of bone loss around the implants was detected and 0.23 mm (±0.38) at the distal sites with an average value of 0.37 mm (±0.68) (p > 0.568). Several studies with a longer follow-up will be necessary to confirm the preliminary data observed. However, clinical results seem to suggest that the post-extraction socket preservation procedure using innovative demineralized autologous tooth-derived biomaterial may be a predictable procedure to produce new vital bone able to support dental implant rehabilitation of maxilla edentulous sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Implant Materials)
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17 pages, 21270 KiB  
Article
Histological and Histomorphometric Comparison of Innovative Dental Implants Laser Obtained: Animal Pilot Study
by Mastrangelo Filiberto, Botticelli Daniele, Bengazi Franco, Scarano Antonio, Piattelli Adriano, Iezzi Giovanna and Quaresima Raimondo
Materials 2021, 14(8), 1830; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14081830 - 07 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
Objective: Evaluation of the in vivo bone response of two innovative titanium surfaces ytterbium laser active fiber obtained (L1-L2) compared to a sandblasted and acid etched (SBAE) during early phase of osseointegration. Material and Methods: Three implant groups with the same macroscopic features [...] Read more.
Objective: Evaluation of the in vivo bone response of two innovative titanium surfaces ytterbium laser active fiber obtained (L1-L2) compared to a sandblasted and acid etched (SBAE) during early phase of osseointegration. Material and Methods: Three implant groups with the same macroscopic features were obtained (L1-L2-SBAE) to promote specific surface characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy, profilometric evaluation, X-ray spectrometry, and diffraction analysis were performed. For each group, six implants were placed in the tibiae of three Peli Buey sheep, and histologic, histomorphometric analysis, bone to implant contact (BIC), and the Dynamic Osseointegration index (DOI) were performed. Results: During the early phases of osseointegration, the histological and histomorphometric results showed significant differences between L1-L2-SBAE implants. At 15 and 30 days, histological analysis detected a newly bone formation around all specimens with an higher vital bone in L2 compared to L1 and SBAE both in cortical and in poor-quality marrow bone. At same time, histomorphometric analysis showed significantly higher BIC values in L2 (42.1 ± 2.6 and 82.4 ± 2.2) compared to L1 (5.2 ± 3.1 and 56.2 ± 1.3) and SBAE (23.3 ± 3.9 and 77.3 ± 0.4). DOI medium value showed a higher rate in L2 (2.83) compared to SBAE (2.60) and L1 (1.91). Conclusions: With the limitations of this pilot study, it is possible to assess that the titanium surface characteristics, and not the technologies used to obtain the modification, played a crucial role during the osseointegration process. Histological, histomorphometric, BIC, and DOI evaluation showed a significantly higher rate in L2 specimens compared to others, confirming that the implant surface could increase the bone response in cortical or marrow poor quality bone during the initial phases of osseointegration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Implant Materials)
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