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Advances in Laser Materials Processing and Applications
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Advances in Laser Materials Processing and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 5312

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Howard V. Snelling

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
Interests: lasers; optical physics; laser material interactions; applied physics; materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The laser has long outgrown any doubts regarding its usefulness and is now a ubiquitous tool in science, industry, and medicine. It continues to find new applications driven by evermore stringent manufacturing needs, and this has been accompanied by a continuing development of the laser itself, resulting in new irradiance regimes to be explored. In particular, fiber lasers as well as ultrashort pulsed lasers are producing ever higher average powers and irradiances. At the same time, there has been an increase in the use of complex material systems (e.g., composites), as well as a proliferation of traditionally difficult to machine materials (e.g., chemically toughened glass), and high-volume applications requiring hard to achieve welds (e.g., metal foils for electric vehicle batteries, and dissimilar materials such as glass to metal seals). More applications are emerging in surface texturing and hardening, volume surface removal (scabbling), cleaning, large area dense hole arrays, and ultra-high-resolution machining in multiple axes, complimented by additive manufacturing (stereolithography and sintering). Further, thin film technologies continue to demand improved deposition and structuring techniques. Aiding these endeavors are machine learning and artificial intelligence coupled with enhanced laser control systems, beam shaping, and high-speed scanning.

It seems timely to group together leading work in the fields of laser material interactions and the beam delivery techniques that are being developed to facilitate these many applications. Hence, we wish to highlight the latest advances in these exciting areas of applied science and engineering through the compilation of this Special Issue of Materials.

Dr. Howard V. Snelling
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lasers
  • laser material processing
  • laser ablation
  • laser beam delivery
  • ultrashort pulsed laser
  • fiber laser
  • laser applications
  • laser machining
  • beam scanning
  • beam delivery
  • beam shaping
  • laser material interactions
  • composite materials
  • toughened glass
  • laser drilling
  • laser machining
  • laser welding
  • dense hole arrays
  • filamentation
  • high aspect ratio machining
  • laser structuring of materials
  • thin film patterning
  • thin film deposition
  • nonlinear material interactions
  • stereolithography
  • laser sintering

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

38 pages, 17054 KiB  
Article
Seam Properties of Overlap Welding Strategies from Copper to Aluminum Using Green Laser Radiation for Battery Tab Connections in Electric Vehicles
by Florian Kaufmann, Mihail Strugulea, Christian Höltgen, Stephan Roth and Michael Schmidt
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1069; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16031069 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2185
Abstract
Laser beam welding of metals has progressed dramatically over the last years mainly arising from joining applications in the field of electromobility. Allowing the flexible, automated manufacturing of mechanically, electrically, and thermally stressed components, the process is more frequently applied for joining highly [...] Read more.
Laser beam welding of metals has progressed dramatically over the last years mainly arising from joining applications in the field of electromobility. Allowing the flexible, automated manufacturing of mechanically, electrically, and thermally stressed components, the process is more frequently applied for joining highly reflective materials, for example for battery tab and busbar connections. The local, non-contact energy input favors this welding technology; however, joining of copper and aluminum sheets still poses a challenge due to the physical properties of the joining partners and intermetallic phases from dissimilar metal interaction, which reduce seam performance. The use of green laser radiation compared to infrared laser radiation offers the advantage of a significantly increased absorptivity for copper materials. A changed incoupling behavior is observed, and a lower deep penetration threshold has been already proven for 515 nm wavelength. When copper and aluminum are welded with the former as top sheet, this welding mode is essential to overcome limited aspect ratios from heat conduction welding. However, the opportunities of applying these beam sources in combination with spatial power modulation to influence the interconnection area of copper-aluminum joints have not yet been studied. The aim of this work is therefore to investigate the seam properties and process stability of different overlap welding strategies using green laser radiation for dissimilar metal welding. A microstructural analysis of the different fusion zones and mechanical strength of the joints are presented. In addition, the experimental parameter sets were analyzed regarding their application in battery module busbars by examining the electrical resistance and temperature distribution after welding. A parameter window was identified for all investigated welding strategies, with the stitched seam achieving the most stable results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Materials Processing and Applications)
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20 pages, 2416 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Optimization of Nd: YAG Laser Drilling of Optical-Grade Acrylic Plate Using Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis
by Ming-Jong Tsai and Lung-Fa Wu
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8998; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15248998 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1232
Abstract
This study proposed an effective method for optimizing laser drilling processing (LDP) by using grey relational analysis (GRA) for multiple performance requirements. First, we developed a system using a Quantel Brilliant Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser with a pulse width of [...] Read more.
This study proposed an effective method for optimizing laser drilling processing (LDP) by using grey relational analysis (GRA) for multiple performance requirements. First, we developed a system using a Quantel Brilliant Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser with a pulse width of 5–6 ns and F-theta lenses to deliver a focused laser beam with a diameter of 0.2 mm. The developed system was first employed to drill holes in a 3-mm-thick optical-grade acrylic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plate on a safe window with a high optical density and a grade of OD 7+ @ 950~1085 nm. To avoid errors in the experimental data due to unstable power, a laser power (energy) meter was used to measure the energy stability of the Quantel Brilliant Pulse Laser. Given the stability of 5.6%, this is an effective method for LDP. Four control factors were investigated, including laser pulse energy, repetition rate, focusing position offset, and drilling time. Then, nine experiments were performed using the Taguchi method with orthogonal arrays in L9 (34). The experimental results with multiple quality characteristics were measured and used to optimize the control factors by using GRA with equal weighting of the four qualities (roundness, Hillock ratio, taper, and HAZ). The results show that A1B3C1D1 is the optimal combination of the control factors, and the maximal variation of 0.406 is obtained from the control factor B (focusing position offset) which has the greatest contribution to the drilling time. We then performed confirmation experiment and obtained a better result from the combination of the control factors, A1B3C1D1. GRA helps us determine the best laser drilling parameters to meet the desired multiple drilling qualities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Materials Processing and Applications)
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14 pages, 3691 KiB  
Article
Study on Characteristics of the Light-Initiated High Explosive-Based Pulse Laser Initiation
by Dengwang Wang, Jinglun Li, Yunfeng Zhang, Hao Li and Sheng Wang
Materials 2022, 15(12), 4100; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15124100 - 09 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1256
Abstract
The silver acetylene silver nitrate loading technology of the light initiated high explosive, as one of important means to simulate the structural response of powerful pulsed X-ray, adopts the pulse laser initiation. It has advantages of improvement of practical control, heterogenous loading realization [...] Read more.
The silver acetylene silver nitrate loading technology of the light initiated high explosive, as one of important means to simulate the structural response of powerful pulsed X-ray, adopts the pulse laser initiation. It has advantages of improvement of practical control, heterogenous loading realization and simultaneous loading timeliness. In this paper, the physical and mathematical models of hot spot initiation and photochemical initiation of energetic materials under the action of laser are firstly established, and then the laser initiation mechanism of the light initiated high explosive is specifically analyzed, and the laser initiation experiment is conducted based on the optical adsorption property of the light initiated high explosive. From this study, the laser initiation thresholds of 193 nm, 266 nm, 532 nm, 1064 nm wavelengths are given, and they are 5.07 mJ/mm2, 6.77 mJ/mm2, 7.21 mJ/mm2 and 10.61 mJ/mm2, respectively, and the complete detonation process is verified by detonation velocity. This work technically supports the study of pulse laser initiation process, mechanism and explosion loading rule as well as the loading technology of the light initiated high explosive to simulate the structural response of X ray. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Materials Processing and Applications)
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